船舶肘板拓扑优化设计北大核心CSCD

目前,船舶构件之间主要由传统的三角形肘板连接,这种肘板易在构件与肘板的连接处造成应力集中。提出一种肘板拓扑优化的设计方法,采用子模型技术对船舶肘板节点结构进行应力分布精细化分析,以肘板材料的分布作为设计变量,考虑肘板连接的桁材应力约束,极小化肘板与桁材连接部位的应力,对船舶典型节点肘板结构进行拓扑优化。在对肘板拓扑优化结果进行适当的工程化处理后,提出一种新的肘板结构型式。计算结果表明,相对于传统的三角形肘板,新型肘板结构有效降低了节点应力集中,可为此类结构的强度分析与优化设计提供有益的参考。     

船舶肘板拓扑优化设计

目前,船舶构件之间主要由传统的三角形肘板连接,这种肘板易在构件与肘板的连接处造成应力集中。提出一种肘板拓扑优化的设计方法,采用子模型技术对船舶肘板节点结构进行应力分布精细化分析,以肘板材料的分布作为设计变量,考虑肘板连接的桁材应力约束,极小化肘板与桁材连接部位的应力,对船舶典型节点肘板结构进行拓扑优化。在对肘板拓扑优化结果进行适当的工程化处理后,提出一种新的肘板结构型式。计算结果表明,相对于传统的三角形肘板,新型肘板结构有效降低了节点应力集中,可为此类结构的强度分析与优化设计提供有益的参考。     

典型船舶板架拓扑与形状优化设计

以典型板架结构(船底板架和上层建筑板架)为研究对象,探讨结构拓扑与形状优化设计方法在船舶设计中的应用。对船底板架结构进行形状和尺寸优化(优化目标是指定应力约束条件下结构重量最小),优化后的结构重量减少了15.82%。为改善舱室顶部空间布局,提高舱室顶部板架结构的固有频率,对上层建筑板架进行拓扑优化,寻求材料最优分布,并在对其进行静力分析和模态分析的基础上,以体积百分比为约束条件,以板架固有频率为目标函数,得到拓扑优化后的结构型式,新结构型式使材料分布更加合理,有利于舱室顶部管道和电缆等的铺设。研究表明,在目前的板架结构设计中,可广泛应用结构拓扑与形状优化设计技术。     

考虑振级落差要求的齿轮箱基座优化设计

对某新型齿轮箱基座采用结构动力学优化方法进行设计改进,建立了考虑指定频率区间内振级落差性能要求,以基座重量为目标函数的齿轮箱基座尺寸与拓扑优化设计模型.通过两种优化方案,使新型基座低中频段振级落差由5dB提高到12dB,找到对振动传递影响较大的肋板和减振效果良好的结构拓扑形式.     

加筋圆柱壳开孔围栏肘板拓扑优化设计

[目的]在水下耐压圆柱壳结构开孔围栏与环向肋骨连接处,易出现应力集中。[方法]为此,提出一种开孔围栏与环向肋骨连接肘板拓扑优化设计方法,以有效降低肘板区域的局部高应力。首先,采用子模型技术对连接肘板区域结构进行精细化应力分析;然后,以连接肘板为设计变量,考虑耐压壳板、围栏和肋骨特征点的应力约束,以肘板区域最大应力最小化为目标函数进行拓扑优化,并对拓扑优化结果进行工程化处理,得到最终的肘板形式。[结果]计算结果表明,面板局部加宽的肘板形式可以有效降低应力集中程度;开孔围栏位置横向偏置时,远离中纵剖面一侧的肘板面板加宽长度较大;连接肘板与开孔围栏中心偏置时,肘板面板关于其腹板对称设计即可。[结论]所做研究可为类似结构设计提供参考。     

基于复合材料的水下耐压结构拓扑优化探究

探究基于复合材料的拓扑优化设计方法在水下耐压结构设计中的应用.本文方法是在等值线方法、SIMP(Solid Isotropic Material with Penalization)模型、灵敏度过滤技术的基础上,推导复合材料的等效刚度矩阵.通过经典桥形结构优化算例、静水压作用下的结构拓扑优化设计以及空心水下耐压结构优化设计,分析了在拓扑相关载荷作用下,复合材料对于水下耐压结构的最优拓扑形式的影响.发现复合材料与各向同性材料结构的优化结果比较相似,而复合材料的铺层方式及角度的变化可能对优化结果产生较大的影响,本文对空心耐压结构的优化结果与MIT团队提出的耐压壳概念相类似,说明复合材料的拓扑优化研究对于未来水下耐压结构的设计具有重要的参考价值及指导意义.     

基于拓扑优化和尺寸优化的水下耐压球壳轻量化设计

大深度载人潜水器往往采用开孔耐压球壳作为其主要的承压结构,球壳开孔加强结构的优化设计,对减轻球壳重量,提高球壳承载能力具有重要意义。本文介绍拓扑优化的方法以及耐压球壳优化设计的基本流程,以4 500 m耐压球壳为研究对象,基于Hyperworks和Workbench软件,建立了耐压球壳的有限元模型,进行静力分析,并根据结果对球壳的开孔加强结构进行拓扑优化和尺寸优化,得到最优的加强形式。优化结果表明,优化后的耐压球壳的刚度和承载能力得到显著提高。     

双层圆柱壳结构减振设计及模型试验研究

为降低双层圆柱壳动力舱结构振动辐射噪声,对双层圆柱壳进行了减振设计和模型试验研究.基于环肋结构增抗原理和模态振动控制理论,提出了非均匀阻抗增强环肋结构形式;为减小双层壳间振动波的传递,将阻振质量和粘弹性夹层引入到实肋板结构设计中,采用波动理论分析了复合阻波特性.联合应用非均匀阻抗增强环肋和复合阻波肋板设计了一种双层壳模型,并开展了空气中两端简支和水下悬浮激振试验;将设计模型测试结果和数值仿真计算结果与基准模型进行了分析比较.结果表明:设计模型较原结构振动明显减弱,具有较好的减振效果,验证了双层壳结构减振设计的有效性.     

外置式耐压液舱实肋板拓扑和开孔尺寸优化

[目的]为了简化建造工艺和减轻液舱结构重量,对外置式耐压液舱实肋板结构进行拓扑优化和开孔尺寸优化设计。[方法]首先,利用Hyperworks/Optistruct对外置式耐压液舱整体模型进行结构应力分析。然后,在拓扑优化中,除与液舱壳板和耐压船体壳板相连的约100 mm长条状范围外,以实肋板其他范围内的单元密度为设计变量;以与实肋板相连的液舱壳板和船体壳板上结构的典型应力及实肋板体积分数为约束,以实肋板上最大Mises应力最小化为目标,针对满载和空舱两种工况,利用商用软件Hyperworks/Optistruct对实肋板结构进行拓扑优化。最后,基于Matlab和ANSYS联合优化,以实肋板上von Mises应力和剪应力为约束,以相应结构重量极小化为目标,对实肋板开孔进行尺寸优化,从而得到精细化开孔方案。[结果]拓扑优化结果表明,外置式耐压液舱实肋板开减轻孔应集中在中、下部。开孔尺寸优化结果表明,相比初始方案,实肋板剪应力增加38%,其他关注区域应力相当时,内部实肋板上结构重量可降低19%。[结论]两类优化设计均表明,外置式耐压液舱实肋板开减轻孔应集中在中下部,且从下到上开孔面积应逐渐减小。     

基于复合材料的水下耐压结构拓扑优化探究

探究基于复合材料的拓扑优化设计方法在水下耐压结构设计中的应用。本文方法是在等值线方法、SIMP(Solid Isotropic Material with Penalization)模型、灵敏度过滤技术的基础上,推导复合材料的等效刚度矩阵。通过经典桥形结构优化算例、静水压作用下的结构拓扑优化设计以及空心水下耐压结构优化设计,分析了在拓扑相关载荷作用下,复合材料对于水下耐压结构的最优拓扑形式的影响。发现复合材料与各向同性材料结构的优化结果比较相似,而复合材料的铺层方式及角度的变化可能对优化结果产生较大的影响,本文对空心耐压结构的优化结果与MIT团队提出的耐压壳概念相类似,说明复合材料的拓扑优化研究对于未来水下耐压结构的设计具有重要的参考价值及指导意义。     

Least-weight topology and size optimization of high speed vehicle-passenger catamaran structure by genetic algorithm

Selection of the “best” or “optimum” engineering design has always been a major concern of designers. Reduction of hull weight is the most important aim in the structural design of many ship types. But the ability of designers to produce optimal designs of ship structures is severely limited by the calculation techniques available for this task. Complete definition of the optimal structural design requires formulation of size–topology–shape–material optimization task unifying optimization problems from four areas and effective solution of the problem. So far a significant progress towards solution of this problem has not been achieved. In other hand in recent years attempts have been made to apply genetic algorithm (GA) optimization techniques to design of ship structures. An objective of the paper was to create a computer code and investigate a possibility of simultaneous optimization of both topology and scantlings of structural elements of large spatial sections of ships using GA. In the paper GA is applied to solve the problem of weight minimization of a high speed vehicle-passenger catamaran structure with several design variables as dimensions of the plate thickness, longitudinal stiffeners and transverse frames and spacing between longitudinals and transversal members. Results of numerical experiments obtained using the code are presented. They show that GA can be an efficient optimization tool for simultaneous design of topology and sizing high speed craft structures.     

Multi-objective topology and size optimization of high-speed vehicle-passenger catamaran structure by genetic algorithm

Ship structural design has become recently an ever more important and difficult task, because it should always take into account several estimation criteria which are a crucial element of shipyard management, as the hull structural strength is one of the most important factors of overall ship safety, and the total cost of structural materials used for the construction of a ship is a significant part of her total construction cost. Simultaneously, a complete definition of the optimal structural design requires a formulation of size-topology-shape-material optimization task unifying the optimization problems from these four areas and giving an effective solution of this problem. So far, a significant progress towards a solution of this problem has not been achieved. An objective of the underlying paper was to develop an evolutionary algorithm for multi-objective optimization of both topology and scantlings of structural elements of large spatial sections of ships. In the paper an evolutionary algorithm where selection takes place based on the scalar objective function is proposed and applied to solve the problem of structural elements weight and cleaned and painted surface area on a high-speed vehicle-passenger catamaran structure with several design variables, such as plate thickness, scantlings of longitudinal stiffeners and transverse frames, and spacing between longitudinal and transversal members. The results of numerical experiments with the use of the developed algorithm are presented. They show that the proposed genetic algorithm can be an efficient multi-objective optimization tool for simultaneous design of the topology and sizing of ship structures.     

阻尼处理多向加筋板的振动响应及声辐射

针对三种加强筋且横向加强筋为大小两种不同结构的典型加筋船板,考虑船板的弯曲振动,并计及船板内侧敷设粘弹性阻尼材料的阻尼处理和船板外侧重流体作用力,借助无限大板理论和经典波动法,建立了解析数学模型,导出了加筋船板在宽频单位力作用下的振动响应和远场水声辐射计算方法.通过典型实例的数值计算,讨论了小筋、阻尼等主要设计参数对辐射效果的影响.本文的研究成果对水声学工程设计有一定的指导价值.     

The application of reliability methods in the design of tophat stiffened composite panels under in-plane loading

Composite materials have been widely used in modern engineering fields such as aircraft, space and marine structures due to their high strength-to-weight and stiffness-to-weight ratios. However, structural efficiency gained through the adoption of composite materials can only be guaranteed by understanding the influence of production upon as-designed performance. In particular, topologies that are challenging to production including panels stiffened with pi or tophat stiffeners dominate many engineering applications and often observe complex loading. The design of stiffened composite panels against buckling is a key point of composite structures. While a growing number of studies are related to the reliability analysis of composites few of these relate to the local analysis of more complicated structures. Furthermore for the assessment of these structures in a design environment it is important to have models that allow the rapid assessment of the reliability of these local structures. This paper explores the use of a stochastic approach to the design of stiffened composite panels for which typical applications can be found in composite ship structures. A parametric study is conducted using Navier grillage theory and First-order Reliability Methods to investigate any detectable trend in the safety index with various design parameters. Finally, recommendations are made to provide guidance on applications.     

矿砂船舱口间甲板结构的可靠性评估

文章针对一艘舱口间甲板发生屈曲破坏的矿砂船,对其舱口间甲板结构进行横向压缩强度分析和可靠性评估。为建立一套初步的可靠性评估方法,首先,采用半解析公式计算舱口间甲板结构在不同破坏模式下的压缩极限强度,其最小值即为结构的临界应力,为强度评估提供依据。其次,基于改进的一次二阶矩法编写FOR⁃TRAN子程序,计算结构的可靠性指标,建立了基于舱口间甲板的横向压缩强度的可靠性分析程序。综合评估结果表明,舱口间甲板结构的强度储备不足以抵抗外部载荷,屈曲破坏发生起始于檐板和舱口间甲板,这与目标船的事故分析报告中的屈曲现象吻合。根据舱口间甲板结构的强度和可靠性评估结果,采取三种加强方案,权衡结构安全因子和结构重量从而得出较优的修复加强方案。     

基于神经网络与遗传算法的潜艇舱壁结构优化

建立了某潜艇端部耐压平面舱壁结构优化设计的数学模型,以舱壁上加强桁(筋)结构的剖面尺寸为设计变量,结构强度、稳定性、工艺性要求为约束条件,以加强桁(筋)结构总体积为目标函数,用人工神经网络方法代替结构的有限元分析,结合遗传算法完成了舱壁的结构优化设计。在为网络生成学习样本时,自行设计了正交表,解决了因为设计变量多,无法选取合适正交表而随机取样的问题。数值仿真结果表明,优化设计方案质量较原始初步设计方案减少了18.3%。     

基于遗传算法和可变多面体算法的耐压结构混合优化

水下结构设计的主要任务是如何进行结构优化,在保证水下结构安全可靠性的前提下减轻结构的自重.本文根据水下结构强度和稳定性要求,以遗传算法(GA)和可变多面体算法(SM)作为子算法构造了水下结构优化设计的混合优化策略,并应用于圆柱形耐压结构的优化设计,计算结果对于水下结构设计计算具有指导作用.     

加筋板结构振动声强可视化研究

基于结构声强法研究了加筋板结构振动能量的传输、分布和耗散特性。首先介绍结构声强分量的计算和声强可视化的相关理论,以及系统功率输入和输出的计算公式。在数值算例中,利用有限元法对3种常见的加筋板模型进行了简谐集中力作用下的响应计算,然后通过编制Matlab程序计算结构声强分量,并进行结构噪声源的定位,实现能量传输和衰减的可视化。同时针对不同的加筋形式对能量传递路径的影响也进行了讨论。研究了不同加筋板阻尼器能量耗散特性。最后以舰船平台板架为例揭示了结构声强技术在舰船振动设计中的应用价值。     

Rule-based optimization of midship structures

A rule-based overall design methodology for midship structures of small inland waterways vessels is presented. It is shown how the designer, under conflicting requirements, can select the optimum design by using a combined objective function with priority factors assigned to individual design criteria. The concept of optimization, in large-scale structural design problems, is extended to the local members (the stiffening elements) of the ship structure, so that the stiffeners can be specified by their actual dimensions instead of section moduli. The effects of price-structure (labour rate to material price ratio) and the choice of type of stiffener on design are investigated. Standard sections and optimized fabricated sections are taken as the alternative options for selecting the stiffeners. Conversion of exact mathematical optimum solutions into production-oriented designs is also demonstrated in a series of practical applications of the proposed method.     

Improved design formulas for the ultimate strength of platings with circular openings and manholes under uniaxial compression

The paper focuses on the ultimate strength of perforated platings with circular openings and manholes, eventually reinforced by ringed or carling stiffeners, in order to develop a comprehensive and rationale format, useful to assess the ultimate capacity of perforated plate panels under uniaxial compression. In this respect, a large number of FE simulations is performed by Ansys Mechanical APDL, in order to provide new design formulas for the ultimate strength of platings with circular openings or manholes and, subsequently, for perforated plate panels reinforced by local stiffeners. The design formulas are developed by properly varying the opening size and the scantlings of ringed or carling stiffeners, in order to provide a comprehensive set of design curves. Hence, the incidence of the opening longitudinal position on the ultimate capacity of perforated platings, without and with local stiffeners, is also investigated. Finally, the proposed equations are applied in a straightforward design example. Based on current results, the new design formulas allow a reliable assessment of the ultimate capacity of platings with circular openings or manholes and the incidence of local stiffeners on the plating ultimate strength, so providing a rationale design format that could be easily embodied in current Rules and guidelines.