上海国际航运中心建设项目投融资政策系列研究之四对上海国际航运中心建设投融资政策的建议

结合上海国际航运中心的建设特点与融资要求，以及现行水路交通基础设施的投融资政策，借鉴其他国家的建设国际航运中心的投融资政策，本文提出对上海国际航运中心建设的投融资政策建议，包括总体建议和具体建设项目的建议。     

上海国际航运中心建设项目投融资政策系列研究之四 对上海国际航运中心建设投融资政策的建议

结合上海国际航运中心的建设特点与融资要求,以及现行水路交通基础设施的投融资政策,借鉴其他国家的建设国际航运中心的投融资政策,本文提出对上海国际航运中心建设的投融资政策建议,包括总体建议和具体建设项目的建议。     

对我国水路交通投融资的政策建议

水路交通投融资政策对水路交通基础设施建设具有决定性的影响.要改变我国水路交通基础设施的薄弱状态,要增强我国的海运竞争力,途径就是要正确制定我国水路交通投融资政策.     

海峡西岸交通建设突出港口强化通道

日前，交通部制定下发了《海峡西岸公路水路交通基础设施发展规划指导意见》。《指导意见》提出，必须进一步完善海峡西岸公路水路交通基础设施发展规划，明确重点建设任务，把握“突出港口、强化通道、协调推进”的基本思路。     

努力做好“三个服务”推进交通事业又好又快发展——李盛霖部长在2007年全国交通工作会议上的讲话（摘要）

一、2006年交通工作回顾第一，交通发展规划和重点项目建设取得新的成果 编制了《全国沿海港口布局规划》并经国务院常务会议审议通过。编报了《全国内河航道与港口布局规划》、《国家水上交通安全监管和救助系统布局规划》。制定颁布了《公路水路交通科技“十一五”发展规划》、《公路水路交通信息化“十一五”发展规划》、《“十一五”交通教育与培训发展规划》。制定了《我国与东盟国家公路水路交通合作规划纲要》、《环渤海地区现代化公路水路交通基础设施规划纲要》、《天津北方国际航运中心交通基础设施发展规划指导意见》、《海峡西岸公路水路交通基础设施发展规划指导意见》等。各地交通部门制定了本地区“十一五”交通发展规划和专项规划，加大了建设项目前期工作力度。沿江七省二市与部共同签署了《“十一五”期长江黄金水道建设总体推进方案》，以长江黄金水道建设为重点的内河水运建设取得新的开端。     

交通运输部八条意见促进公路水路平稳较快发展

日前，交通运输部就进一步促进公路水路交通运输业平稳较快发展提出8条指导意见。1．加快交通基础设施建设，促进综合运输体系发展。继续加强中央新增投资项目的督察，切实抓好配套资金到位、资金使用安全和工程建设质量，重点支持对加快形成综合交通运输体系具有关键意义的交通基础设施建设。加快国家高速公路网主骨架、省级连接线、瓶颈路段扩容改造。重点加强区域间的高速公路和国省干线改造，加快农村公路建设，切实把农村公路建成脱贫路、致富路、小康路、幸福路，做到路通、车通、人通、财通。     

风行水上三十年

7月27日，“改革开放30年中国水路交通发展”新闻发布会在2008北京国际新闻中心召开。交通运输部水运司司长宋德星在会上介绍了改革开放30年中国水路交通发展成就，他指出，改革开放30年以来，我国水运业深化改革，扩大开放，制定实施水路交通长远发展规划，颁布出台了一系列鼓励和支持水运发展的法规、政策，取得了举世瞩目的成就，主要表现在统一开放、竞争有序的水运市场体系基本建立、水运基础设施建设成效显著、水路运输生产增长迅猛和水运服务能力明显增强等方面。     

大力发展内河航运不断开拓海洋运输——2020年我国水路交通总体实现现代化

"2020年总体实现水路交通现代化,拥有基本达到世界先进水平的水运基础设施、装备和服务体系,海运综合实力强,内河航运优势明显,与其它运输方式相互协调,形成安全、高效、畅通、可持续发展的水路交通系统,适应经济社会发展和国家经济安全的要求。"这是7月5日在京召开的全国水运工作会议上,交通部部长李盛霖提出的2020年实现我国水路交通总体现代化的发展目标。     

我国现行水路交通基础设施投融资政策及其对上海国际航运中心建设项目的适应性分析

上海国际航运中心建设项目的核心工程是洋山深水港工程,它属于水路交通基础设施建设项目。本文主要对我国现行水路交通基础设施投融资政策进行了分析阐述,进而分析了其对上海国际航运中心建设项目的适应性,为制定一套保证上海国际航运中心建设的投融资政策提供理论参考。     

公路水路交通结构调整指导意见

公路水路交通（以下简称交通）结构主要包括基础设施结构、运输装备结构和运输服务结构。为解决新阶段交通发展中面临的比较突出的结构性矛盾，适应经济社会对交通的新需求，现就交通结构调整提出以下指导意见：     

构建和完善港口基础设施系统投融资体制

在分析当前我国港口基础设施系统投融资体制现状的基础上,根据公共经济学理论对港口设施系统要素按投资来源、投资方式进行了合理划分,并充分借鉴国外港口建设的投融资体制,提出应根据不同类型项目分类融资的思想,最后给出了建立与完善市场经济条件下港口投融资体制的具体建议。     

新形势下内河航道融资模式探讨

本文从我国航道历年投资情况出发,结合国外航道建设的融资模式,分析了我国现代航道建设的发展需求及各地航道建设的融资经验,提出了适合我国国情的内河航道投融资模式及方法。     

BIM技术在水运基础设施的应用及发展战略

建筑信息模型(BIM)技术及其应用体系已经开始给全球的土木建筑工程领域带来了革命性的转变。针对水运基础设施领域的BIM应用与建筑领域相比较为滞后的问题,对国内外的BIM应用现状、技术政策、技术标准等进行了全面梳理、总结,并进行了国内外BIM应用的对比分析,在此基础上从标准研究与编制、重点技术攻关方向、持续发展机制、鼓励政策措施、示范工程应用、推进路线图等方面提出建议,以全面促进行业的BIM应用。     

港口工程造价的确定与控制

港口建设需要巨额的资金投入,其中大部分政府投资用于港口基础设施和航道的建设。为使基建资金能够发挥最大效用,创造最好的社会效益,需要对工程造价进行有效控制和管理,有效保障建设资金分配与使用的合理有序。水运工程造价确定与控制的重点在工程设计阶段,通过设计竞标选定最佳方案是工程设计阶段造价控制的有效手段之一。     

Throughput estimation based port development and management policies analysis

With the rapid growth of seaborne commodity trades, port development and management has become a challenging issue to the government, enterprise and academia. To alleviate pressures on spatial demand and the environment, sustainable development and scientific management of a port is of crucial importance for its investment, construction and operation. In this article, a research path based on throughput estimation is proposed. The container port of Tianjin could expect to face immense, increasing pressure in the future several years. To meet future increasing capacity requirement, constructing new waterway and berths in a bigger contiguous area or new locations becomes a crucial strategy. Moreover, the strategy of accommodating peak seasonal traffic means existing container terminals have to attain higher output by redesigning their high-precision schedule, reconfiguring terminal topology, improving worker efficiency and employing more modern container-handling facilities.     

内河航道定级与船舶大型化发展

随着我国经济的进一步发展和可持续发展战略的实施,运能大、占地面积小、能耗低、污染少的内河航运必将发挥出更大的作用。此外,内河船舶标准化、大型化的发展趋势日趋明显,小吨位船舶的运能及经济性劣势迫使其快速 淘汰,不少地区早年的航道定级已然不适应内河航运的发展需求。若城市的开发建设按不合理的航道定级标准进行规划控制,将极大地限制内河航运的发展,并对船舶的航行构成重大安全隐患。结合实际情况,探讨长三角地区内河航道定级调整的若干设想,并提出相关建议。     

The social and political economy of coastal zone management: Shrimp mariculture in Ecuador

Abstract

The paper examines the applicability of First World CZM policy for the Third World by focusing on Ecuador's shrimp mariculture, an industry whose explosive growth has reshaped the coastal zone and generated problems threatening loss of the resource base itself. This has led to recognized need for CZM and movement by development agencies to transfer the CZ policies of developed countries. Against this background, the analysis explores local concepts of investment and conservation, the role of government and law, and the influence of the social economy on mariculture development. It illuminates how local use and management of coastal resources is inseparable from specifically Ecuadorean cultural concepts, institutions, and practices. This places in relief the salient differences between management in the First and Third Worlds, illuminating how coastal zone management must not only be internally consistent, but cognizant of and integrated into the prevailing social, economic, and political conditions.     

Financing and charging for seaport and airport infrastructures in France

This paper questions responsibilities for the financing of infrastructure for sea and air transport in France. It is stressed that the State accords differential treatment in aid and subsidies to these means of transport and distinguishes between types of infrastructures and superstructure. Some principles concerning charging practices are discussed. Finally, the power of decision in financing infrastructure is examined and, in conclusion it is found that, while some public financing is necessary, this should follow a strict policy.     

Cities on the move – Ten years after

The World Bank urban transport strategy review, “Cities on the Move” analyzed urban transport problems in developing and transitional economies and articulated a proposed strategy framework for national and city governments. This paper describes how the urban transport problems of the developing world have changed in the last decade and assesses the extent to which the strategies recommended in 2002 have been successfully implemented. It shows that progress has been widespread in some areas – particularly in mass transit analysis and investment and some environmental policies – and that there have developed some good planning and public transport practices in a smaller number of model cities. But more strategic institutional and policy issues, including the mobilization and regulation of private sector initiative in meeting infrastructure and public transport supply deficiencies, have tended to be poorly developed. Above all, the growth of medium sized cities with weak institutions and finance highlights the need for the international development institutions to put greater emphasis on helping those cities by dissemination of best practice in strategic transport planning and traffic management.     

Federal ports policy

In contrast to the centralized port-planning framework that is utilized in some industrialized countries, the US relies on a complex and fragmented framework in which responsibility for the planning, development and operation of landside maritime infrastructure rests with State and local governments. It has been argued that the separation of the federal government from port policy was rooted in the port preference clause of the Constitution. This paper is an effort to determine whether the current decentralized port policy in fact stems from the Constitution and, to that end, reviews how over the years the US Supreme Court has construed the port preference clause in the Constitution. It was found that there is no evidence to support the assertion that the port preference clause has restricted the development of Federal port policy. Moreover, the decentralized and fragmented decision-making process that is evident today does not imply the absence of federal impact. Rather, it reflects federal involvement through multiple agencies and regulatory processes and is a conscious effort, consistent with other areas of transport infrastructure development, to retain local decision-making for infrastructure investments. It is concluded by raising the issue whether current federal involvement in ports (that is, existing federal port policy), through dredging, landside transportation improvements or subsidized capital, among other things, needs to be reappraised before a new round of capital intensive investment begins.