物流

2011中国散装化学品(液体&液化气体)物流市场论坛在成功举办了七届"中国化学品运输与仓储物流论坛"的基础上,CBI易贸于6月24日在上海隆重举办国内首个专注于罐式集装箱及集装箱液袋物流市场的行业峰会——"2011中国散装化学品(液体&液化气体)物流市场论坛"。此次会议受到了国内化学品制造商&贸易商、罐箱租赁企业、罐箱运营企业、     

Chemmap在长江危险化学品泄漏风险及对策研究中的应用

本研究从长江危险化学品的货种及运量、装卸码头及运输船舶、交通流量等方面分析了长江危险化学品泄漏事故风险。通过类比海运船舶泄漏事故致因,结合长江船舶交通事故致因分析,本研究设定了长江危险化学品事故场景,采用Chemmap对航道发生苯运输船舶的泄漏事故进行计算机模拟,并根据需要关注的断面设置关注点,考察泄漏污染物浓度变化。根据模拟结果,可在危险化学品泄漏事故发生后,为下游敏感资源的事故预警以及应急对策措施的选择提供决策支持。     

挥发危险化学品红外传感器技术研究

随着我国经济的不断深入发展和产业需求,危险化学品的运输和储存呈现快速增长的态势。危险品船舶呈现大型化趋势,水上危险品泄漏事故风险持续增大。为了更好的防治水上危险化学品污染、提高事故应急响应速度,急需一种对危险化学品泄露的快速监测设备。依据性质不同,危险化学品泄露的过程可能会伴随着VOCs的大量挥发。为便于快速准确的发现泄露事故,本研究基于VOC的红外吸收原理开发了一种红外化学品传感器。采用本产品针对苯乙烯进行了测量实验。实验结果表明,本产品可以检测到苯乙烯的一个特征峰。本产品的开发,对危险化学品泄露监控监测提供了一种新的思路,有进一步研发的意义。     

新技术新工艺

近日，《长江危险化学品运输安全监控与事故应急技术研究》通过交通运输部西部交通建设科技项目管理中心组织的成果鉴定验收。鉴定专家称，该研究成果对长江危险化学品运输安全监控和事故应急具有借鉴意义，推广应用前景广阔。     

危险化学品运输应急救援预案编制原则

背景:2005年3月29日,京沪高速公路江苏淮安段发生35吨液氯槽罐车与一货车相撞事故,导致槽罐车液氯大面积泄漏。由于肇事的槽罐车驾驶员逃逸,延误了最佳抢险救援时机,造成29人中毒死亡,公路旁3个乡镇大量村民中毒,京沪高速公路宿迁至宝应段关闭20个小时。事故从一个侧面反映出运输企业危险化学品运输应急救援预案存在的问题。危险化学品的运输安全管理因交通运输行业本身的高风险性和危险化学品品种的多样性、潜在的高危险性、事故高危害性而日益受到全社会的高度关注。如何提高危险化学品运输应急救援预案的针对性、适用性和可操作性,从而提…     

基于VR技术高速公路危化品泄漏事故疏散训练系统的设计

危险化学品在高速公路运输过程中,因自然条件、路况、人为等因素的影响,随时可能发生泄露事故.这些事故一旦处置不当,将产生严重后果.有针对性地利用Unity3D游戏引擎设计一款基于VR虚拟现实技术高速公路危化品泄露事故疏散训练系统,可以提高受训人员的自救意识和疏散能力,防止二次伤害.系统包括四个模块:训练前培训模块、泄露场...     

危货运输:把隐患消灭在萌芽阶段?

当你在宽阔平坦的高速公路上奔驰时,行驶在你身旁的那辆货车上或许正装载着危险化学品,而危化品运输在任何一个方面存在问题而发生事故的话,都可能会带来无法挽回的巨大损失。近年来,随着全国经济的蓬勃发展和化工企业的增加,危化品运输变得越来越频繁,危险品泄漏之类的安全生产事故发生率也随之上升。     

浅谈粮食运卸

粮食运输分包装运输和散装运输两种形式。多年来,粮食包装运输所用的包装物主要是麻袋(面粉等粉状成品粮用布袋)。散装运输除铁路运输有少量K_(17)型粮食散运专用车外,大量的是使用通用车(船),在运输过程中产生了许多撒漏、污染等事故,造成大量的粮食损失。 北京是调入粮食的重点城市,陈忠鸣同志多年从事接卸粮食工作,就其实践体会,提出了粮食运输向集装化方向发展的建议和具体设想,望广大从事运输工作的同志们对此发表见解。     

新标准·新未来——“危险货物运输5项国家强制性标准”实施倒计时

近年来,年产量超4亿吨的逾8万种化学品从厂地流通到市场,成为困扰交通运输行业决策者的一局难棋。化学品的生产和发展在改善社会生活的同时,其危险和危害也为人类社会和地球环境带来恐慌。危险货物固有的危险性及其运输条件的不确定性,使对应的运输管理难度逐步加大,事故时有发生。而危险货物运输与生产息息相关,没有流通就会抑制生产甚至会对某些领域的     

国外的可先以进采经纳验学习

<正>美国:从白宫到民间,通过大数据和云计算乃至物联网构造的智慧物流体系早已经应用到各个层面。比如通过信息系统解决方案,在美国为防止事故的发生,对危险化学品的设施和装置,必须执行风险管理计划条例。风险管理计划条例主要集中于防止化学物质的释放,降低由于有害化学物质暴露于社区的风险,同时将对环境的破坏后果减少到最低。此外,美国设有专门负责化学品安全管理     

Level crossing safety on East Japan Railway Company: Application of probabilistic risk assessment techniques

This paper describes the application of probabilistic risk assessment techniques to level crossing safety on JR East, the largest of the six private railroads in Japan. The risk of a level crossing accident was defined as the product of the accident rate and the expected consequences per accident. Rail traffic volume, road traffic volume, visibility of the crossing from the road, road gradient, width of the crossing and the type of safety devices at the crossing were shown to influence the accident rate and the collective risk. The mean accident rate at all crossings was 0.74 per million trains. The accident rate was 0.59 per million trains at crossings equipped with barriers, 1.25 at crossings equipped with warning bells and 0.76 at pedestrian crossings. Crossings equipped with obstacle detectors had a lower accident rate (0.12 per million trains) than crossings without detectors (0.43 per million trains). Crossings with visibility less than 20 m had a 50% higher mean accident rate than crossings with visibility greater than 20 m. As the number of tracks increased, the accident rate monotonically increased due to the increased accident exposure. Risk assessment techniques were applied to determine the efficacy of the various level crossing safety devices. In addition to upgrading the safety of crossings, the management techniques stressed the importance of education campaigns in warning the public about the dangers of illegal crossings.     

全球民航事故调查数据统计与分析

为探索全球民航事故的发生及调查规律,从航空安全网(ASN)采集626起事故调查数据,对事故发生季度、类型、机型等特征进行统计分析,同时对事故调查的实施机构、调查时长、各类事故调查时长等特征展开分析。结果发现:全球民航事故随运行时间的增加呈现波浪形缓慢下降;事故数量最多的前两位为冲偏出跑道和飞机失去控制,并多集中在第三季度(7-9月);波音公司各机型事故曲线整体类似,同时与空客公司各机型飞机事故曲线存在差异。民航事故调查从开始到发布报告的平均周期为26.1个月;各调查机构针对冲偏出跑道、失去控制、可控飞行撞地事故的平均调查周期分别为22.2、40.4、12.4个月。研究结果为民航事故预防政策制定及事故调查提供参考依据。     

基于灰色理论的事故黑点改造效果分析

文章分析了汉宜高速公路黑点路段事故原因,提出黑点路段的具体整治措施,并结合汉宜高速公路改造后的事故特征,运用灰色预测模型,预测交通事故进一步的变化态势,结果表明:交通事故逐年减少,改造效果明显.     

高速公路二次交通事故的预防策略探讨

高速公路交通事故频频发生,如果在事故发生后能及时检测事故,并采取有效的紧急救援措施,可以极大程度降低事故造成的损失,预防二次连锁事故发生。文章从事故检测、事故响应策略、事故现场管理、事故清除等方面探讨了高速公路二次交通事故的预防技术与策略。     

道路交通事故发生机理与实例分析

交通事故发生机理是认识道路交通事故发生过程、交通事故预防和改善交通安全的基础。文章以道路交通系统为研究对象,分析道路交通事故的形成过程,将交通事故发生机理分为驾驶行为差错类事故发生机理、外部因素突变类事故发生机理、综合性事故发生机理三类,并在此基础上绘制了道路交通事故发生机理图,同时结合国道109线兰州八盘村路段进行了实例分析。     

The use of dynamic programming in optimally allocating funds for highway safety improvements

An integrated system approach to traffic accident countermeasure selection is presented. This approach draws primarily upon the resources of a computerized accident records system for identifying high accident locations. Once high accident locations are identified by type, local investigations of these locations are conducted producing standardized cost and benefit data. These data are processed through a dynamic programming algorithm to produce optimal policies for implementation. Since this system has been in operation in two states in the United States for about five years, it should be of special interest to practitioners.     

A traffic accident morphology diagnostic model based on a rough set decision tree

ABSTRACT

To build a traffic safety feature model and to quantify accident influences caused by some traffic violation behaviors of drivers, an accident diagnostic decision-making model is established. For the purpose of diagnosing accident morphologies, rough set theory is applied and the influence of traffic factors of different accident morphologies is quantified through calculating the degree of attribute importance, selecting core traffic factors and adopting a C4.5 decision tree algorithm. In the paper, road traffic accident data from 2008 to 2013 in Anhui Province are used. Typical rules are selected, targeted strategy proposals are put forward, and then, a scientific and reasonable diagnostic basis is provided for the diagnosis of traffic safety risks and the prediction of potential traffic accidents.     

Accident cost saving and highway attributes

Two semi-logarithmic regression models are developed to estimate accident rates and accident costs, respectively, for rural non-interstate highways in the state of Iowa. Data on 21,224 accidents occurring between 1989 and 1991 on 17,767 road segments are used in the analysis. Seven road attributes of these road segments are included as predictor variables. Applying the resulting regression models to a rather typical highway upgrade situation, the present value of the accident cost saving is computed. The sensitivity of the estimated cost saving to values for fatal, personal injury, and property damage only accidents is tested.Because factors other than road characteristics greatly influence accident costs, the models developed in this research explain a limited amount of the variance in these costs among road segments. Results of the analysis indicate that the most important attribute associated with accident costs is average daily traffic per lane, followed by conditions requiring passing restrictions and the sharpness of curves. Varying the values for the three categories of accidents shows that results are far more sensitive to the value of personal injuries than fatalities. The feasibility of using predictive models of accident costs in benefit-cost analyses of highway investments is demonstrated.     

The relationship among highway geometrics,traffic-related elements and motor-vehicle accident frequencies

This research provides a demonstration of a statistical model of accident frequency that can eventually be used as part of a proactive program to allocate safety-related highway improvement funds. Negative binomial regressions of annual accident frequency on sections of principal arterials in Washington State were estimated using data from two years (1992 and 1993). In all, 31306 observations were used in model estimation (annual accident frequencies on specific sections of highway). Our estimation results isolated the effects of various highway geometric and traffic characteristics on annual accident frequency. Subsequent elasticity computations identified the relative importance of the variables included in our specifications. The findings show that the negative binomial regression used in this paper is a powerful predictive tool and one that should be increasingly applied in future accident frequency studies.     

Vessel accident oil-spillage: Post US OPA-90

The vessel accident oil-spillage literature has focused on oil-cargo vessels, tankers and tank barges, implicitly assuming that these vessels incur greater accident oil-spillage than other (i.e., non-oil-cargo) vessels which just carry oil in their fuel tanks. This study investigates the validity of this assumption for the post US OPA-90 (Oil Pollution Act of 1990) period by investigating determinants of vessel accident oil-spillage, where one of the hypothesized determinants is type of vessel (including both oil-cargo and non-oil-cargo vessels). Tobit regression estimates of vessel accident oil-spillage functions suggest that tank barges have incurred greater in-water and out-of-water oil-spillage for the post OPA-90 period than non-oil-cargo vessels; alternatively, tankers have not incurred greater out-of-water (in-water) oil-spillage than non-oil-cargo vessels (except for freight ships). The policy implication is that greater attention needs to be given to reducing tank barge accident oil-spillage in the post OPA-90 period.