选择性催化还原(SCR)技木降低柴油机NOx排放研究

NOX是车用柴油机排气中的主要污染物,为了适应更严格的排放法规,必须采用机外净化措施来控制柴油机的PM和NOX排放,选择性催化还原（SCR）技术是柴油机机外净化的关键技术之一。文中分析了SCR系统的组成、工作原理和反应机理,研究了影响SCR系统NOX转化效率的主要因素,对SCR技术存在的问题进行了探讨。     

选择性催化还原（SCR）技术降低柴油机NO_X排放研究

NOX是车用柴油机排气中的主要污染物,为了适应更严格的排放法规,必须采用机外净化措施来控制柴油机的PM和NOX排放,选择性催化还原（SCR）技术是柴油机机外净化的关键技术之一。文中分析了SCR系统的组成、工作原理和反应机理,研究了影响SCR系统NOX转化效率的主要因素,对SCR技术存在的问题进行了探讨。     

NH_3—SCR法降低柴油机NO_x排放的研究进展

分析了降低柴油机NOx排放的NH3—SCR选择性催化还原技术的化学反应机理,阐述了该后处理技术结合优化缸内燃烧在提高柴油机燃油经济性的同时大幅度降低NOx和PM排放等方面的优势,并详细介绍了国内外车用柴油机NH3—SCR技术的机理研究进展及应用研究情况。     

柴油机排放及其SCR控制技术

阐述了车用柴油机尾气排放物中有害物质的生成机理与危害．并简要介绍了当前发动机机内与机外净化措施，重点对处理NOx的SCR尿素选择性还原技术和处理PM的微粒捕集器及其再生技术进行了探讨。     

柴油机SCR系统尿素沉积物与喷雾特性的研究进展

1 前言 柴油机具有高的热效率、低的油耗和CO2排放,在车用动力中占有的比例逐年上升.与此同时,颗粒物（PM）和氮氧化物（NOx）成为柴油机排放物中的主要有害物质.针对重型柴油车国Ⅳ和国Ⅴ排放法规,从机内降低PM排放、而从机外转化NOx排放是一种符合中国国情、具有可持续发展的技术路线.选择催化还原（SCR）技术是目前降低柴油机NOx排放最有效的后处理技术之一,采用SCR技术可以使发动机在满足严格排放法规的同时,仍具有较高的动力性和经济性.在目前研究开发中的柴油机NOx后处理方法中,以尿素水溶液为还原剂的选择性催化还原技术（Urea-SCR）最为成熟,它能在柴油机排气富O2且流量、温度和组分多变的反应环境下有效降低NOx排放.     

重型柴油机尾气NO_x的SCR概述

随着车辆数目的日益增多,汽车尾气污染日趋严重,为了降低柴油机尾气中NOx对大气的污染,SCR(Selective Catalytic Reduction)是一种有效的控制方法。文中着重对SCR降低柴油机尾气中NOx的还原剂喷射和混合管道进行了优化设计。一般认为,柴油机仅仅依靠机内优化措施不能满足欧Ⅳ排放限值的要求,达到第Ⅳ阶段排放标准必须采用排气后处理系统技术。在众多的柴油机排气后处理措施中,选择性催化还原技术最有前途,尤其针对柴油机的NOx排放。     

车用柴油机排放物控制策略分析

文章对柴油发动机有害排放NO_X、HC、碳烟以及CO_2、的生成机理及其控制方式进行分析,立足于从车用柴油机排放污染物源头控制,重点分析机内净化和机外净化的优缺点,阐明了SCR选择性催化还原后处理技术治理柴油车的排放物的合理性和有效性。     

柴油发动机SCR排放后处理技术解析与故障分析

正柴油发动机凭借良好的燃油经济性、动力性和耐久性优点,使用数量逐年上升,柴油机SCR(选择性催化还原——Selective Catalytic Reduction,简称SCR)排放后处理技术是目前降低车用柴油发动机NOx排放最有效的后处理技术,本文以江淮汽车2.7CTI发动机为研究对象,对SCR排放后处理系统的结构组成、工作原理以及化学反应机理进行描述,介绍零     

欧Ⅳ及之后中重型柴油机排放控制两大主要技术路线对比

为了满足欧IV到欧VI排放法规,欧美中重型商用车及柴油机企业主要采用了两条排放控制技术路线：其一是＂优化燃烧＋SCR（选择性催化还原）＂技术路线,简称SCR路线,它是通过优化喷油和燃烧过程,尽量在机内控制微粒PM的产生,而在机外后处理过程中,采用尿素溶液对氮氧化物NOx进行选择性催化还原,这一技术路线在欧洲占主流,欧洲长途载货车几乎全部采用这一方案,相关生产企业主要有康明斯、马克、     

CA6110ZLA5车用柴油机达欧Ⅱ排放标准的试验研究

介绍了CA6110ZLA5车用柴油机的排放理论及控制方法。针对该机型提出了技术措施,通过提高喷射 压力,加快喷油速率,改善雾化质量,延迟喷油定时及匹配涡轮增压器等技术,进行优化配置试验,有效地降低了柴 油机NOx和PM排放,使该机型达到欧Ⅱ排放标准。     

国V柴油对车用柴油机排放影响的试验研究

采用AVL全流采样(CVS)系统,在3台国Ⅳ重型柴油机上进行了国Ⅳ、国Ⅴ柴油油品对排放影响的对比试验,试验使用ESC,ETC以及ELR测试循环。3台发动机均采用增压中冷+SCR技术路线,供油系统包括高压共轨和电控单体泵系统,排量范围为3.8～11.9 L。研究发现,无论是ESC循环还是ETC循环,国Ⅴ柴油相对于国Ⅳ柴油,均可以降低重型柴油机的PM和CO排放,但对NO_x,THC和ELR烟度没有明显影响。     

Model-based optimization of parameters for a diesel engine SCR system

A Selective Catalytic Reduction (SCR) system simulation model for diesel engines was established based on MATLAB/Simulink. The model includes four subsystems: signal acquisition, DEF (Diesel Exhaust Fluid) dosing control, catalytic chemistry reaction and NO_X emissions reduction. The SCR control strategy was optimized based on ETC simulation results. Simulation and test results indicate that the model developed in this paper can predict ETC NO_X emissions accurately.     

浅谈柴油机满足国IV两条技术路线

近年来,随着人们对环境保护的日趋重视,世界各国对内燃机废气排放的要求变得越来越严格,轻型柴油车开始实施国Iv标准。目前由于机内排放控制并不能完全起到净化效果,因此对已排出燃烧室但尚未排到大气中的废气进行处理,采取机外控制技术显得很有必要。PM和NOx是柴油机主要排放污染物,如何同时降低这两种尾气组成,达到国Ⅳ排放水平,是当今世界柴油机技术的难点和研究热点。本文介绍目前国内满足柴油机国IV排放标准的SCR和EGRDPF／DOC两种主流技术路线。通过对比分析两种系统的原理和优缺点得出适合国内发展的路线,并浅谈未来柴油机排放控制的发展方向。     

我国汽车柴油机可见污染物排放试验

为了解我国汽车柴油机可见污染物排放水平，采用ＡＶＬ４３８部分流透光式烟度计，按ＥＣＥＲ２４法规的要求，对我国四大汽车生产厂家主要汽车柴油机机型进行了全负荷稳定转速和自由加速可见污染物试验，分析了试验结果，并对我国汽车柴油机可见污染物的控制提出了一些建议。     

柴油机排气后处理技术

伴随着柴油机排放标准的日益严格 ,柴油机排气后处理愈来愈受到重视。介绍了柴油机排气PM和NOx 控制技术的进展情况及存在问题 ,并提出了今后的努力方向     

Simulation Study on Thermal Management Strategy to Achieve 99 % SCR Efficiency of a Heavy-Duty Diesel Engine over a Transient Cycle

In this study, NOx conversion characteristics of a urea selective catalytic reduction (SCR) system equipped on a heavy-duty diesel engine were evaluated through engine dynamometer bench tests over a scheduled world harmonized transient cycle (WHTC). Also, based on transient SCR simulations, the thermal management strategy to improve SCR NOx conversion efficiency was investigated. As a result, it was found that a selective increase in exhaust temperature at low temperature period would be a useful measure to increase SCR efficiency on WHTC mode. From the baseline SCR efficiency of around 98 % on WHTC mode, the current simulation results have shown that around 99 % level of SCR efficiency would be achievable by increasing exhaust temperatures with modifying diesel exhaust fluid (DEF) dosage. Another valuable contribution of this study is that the design guidelines for controlling exhaust temperature and DEF injection to obtain a target NOx conversion efficiency are presented for SCR systems of heavy-duty diesel engines on transient operating conditions.     

基于模型控制的未来柴油机开发（英文）

Heavy duty diesel vehicles compliant with current Euro VI/EPA13 emission limits employ aftertreatment systems based on DOC/DPF technology for soot and particulate matter reduction and SCR catalysts with urea dosing for NO x reduction. Traditionally, the majority of the control systems used for urea dosing are map based. However, increasing system complexity combined with real-world performance requirements are a strong motivation to switch to a model-based control approach. Firstly, this article describes a model-based design approach for aftertreatment control development. Focus is on urea dosing control for Euro VI level SCR systems. To achieve the legal emissions limits, including in-service conformity over the vehicle lifetime, advanced model-based control strategies enable maximal NO x conversion in combination with minimum ammonia slip, while ensuring robustness against real-life disturbances. Simulation and experimental results of the control system are presented, which demonstrate the performance and robustness properties. Following this model-based approach, a concept study is performed to explore aftertreatment and control technologies to achieve ultra-low NO x emissions as will be imposed by regulatory bodies in the near future. It is shown that aftertreatment concepts with Passive NO x Adsorber and SCR on DPF are most promising. To optimize overall engine-aftertreatment performance, the modelbased control approach is extended towards Integrated Emission Management(IEM). Based on the actual system state, this supervisory controller minimizes operating costs at each instant in time under all operating conditions. This is key for costoptimal and robust performance.     

车用汽油机分层稀燃及其排放控制技术的分析

就车用汽油机分层稀薄燃烧系统及其排放控制技术问题,重点分析和介绍了包括轴向分层、滚流分层和GDI等各种发动机稀燃系统及其排放控制的新进展,为车用汽油机经济性和排放等性能的改善提供了方向。     

Experimental investigation and comparison of nanoparticle emission characteristics in light-duty vehicles for two different fuels

In recent years, particle number emissions rather than particulate mass emissions in automotive engines have become the subject with controversial discussions. Recent results from studies of health effects imply that it is possible that particulate mass does not properly correlate with the variety of health effects attributed to engine exhaust. The concern is now focusing on nano-sized particles emitted from I. C. engines. In this study, particulate mass and particle number concentration emitted from light-duty vehicles were investigated for a better understanding of the characteristics of the engine PM from different types of fuels, such as gasoline and diesel fuel. Engine nano-particle mass and size distributions of four test vehicles were measured by a condensation particle counter system, which is recommended by the particle measurement program in Europe (PMP), at the end of a dilution tunnel along a NEDC test mode on a chassis dynamometer. We found that particle number concentrations of diesel passenger vehicles with DPF system are lower than gasoline passenger vehicles, but PM mass has some similar values. However, in diesel vehicles with DPF system, PM mass and particle number concentrations were greatly influenced by PM regeneration. Particle emissions in light-duty vehicles emitted about 90% at the ECE15 cycle in NEDC test mode, regardless of vehicle fuel type. Particle emissions at the early cold condition of engine were highly emitted in the test mode.     

分子筛型SCR对车用柴油机排放改善的试验研究

商用车柴油机多采用DOC+SCR的后处理系统来满足国Ⅳ、国Ⅴ排放标准的要求,而不同类型SCR的催化特性对最终污染物排放影响也不同。试验获取了一支铜基分子筛型SCR,基于1台2.8L柴油机和一支钒基SCR,运行了车用柴油机稳态循环(ESC)和瞬态排放循环(ETC),研究并分析了其对柴油机污染物的减排特性。结果表明,相较于钒基SCR,运行ETC循环时分子筛型SCR对发动机NOx和PM排放的减排效率分别提升19%和33%;分子筛型SCR对NOx的低温转化效率更高,且由于对排气流量不敏感,在高空速工况下其转化效率显著高于钒基SCR;分子筛型SCR对颗粒物个数的减排效率弱于钒基SCR,达7%以上,容易将大质量颗粒物分解为小质量颗粒物;两种SCR均对CO和HC具有一定的减排效果,减排率可达20%左右。