道路清障车的制动过程分析

建立了道路清障车拖带车辆制动工况力学模型，绘制了道路清障车拖带车辆行驶时的制动器制动力分配曲线Ｉ，分析了被牵引车结构参数的改变对制动过程的影响，并建议对这种轴荷变化的道路清障车应安装感载阀，以提高制动稳定性。     

轻型汽车钢管扩张桥壳的设计与制造

对轻型汽车桥壳采用了钢管扩张工艺。以某1t轻型车为例，介绍了钢管扩张桥壳的外形设计、满载轴荷的确定、强度计算及钢度计算的方法。探讨了桥壳本体扩张、焊接和机加工艺。这种钢管扩张制造桥壳的工艺，具有加工效率和材料利用率高、成本低、成品性能可靠等优点。     

Characteristics of Guided-Steering Railway Trucks

The dynamic characteristics of guided-steering railway trucks are described both in a general sense and in terms of a specific design. Stability margins and curving performance have been predicted and are compared for both conventional and steered vehicles. It is shown that guided-steering trucks exhibit modes of instability which, although surmountable by proper design, are not found in conventional trucks. In particular, a low conicity, divergent, leading truck instability is described together with a companion high conicity, divergent trailing truck instability. Curving and dynamic performance for steered vehicles is shown to have the potential of being far superior to that of comparable conventional vehicles. Factors influencing the design of steered rail vehicles are presented and discussed.     

路面载重车辆的荷载特征

在收集了我国公路上行驶的单、双后轴整车型的载重车辆轴载资料的基础上,参考国家现行轴限规定与轮胎型号等标准,从路面结构设计的角度上对轴载、轮胎气压、接地压力、轴型参数等荷载特征参数进行了整理分析,采用统计回归方法找到了特征参数的规律和相互关系,进而提出了供路面结构设计的轴型参数:双轮间距、轮距、轴距按额定轴载进行分级的建议表,以及以后轴额定轴载和轴载实载率为自变参量的轮胎接地压力的统一回归式和回归系数,讨论了现行沥青路面结构分析中双轮中心距取3倍荷载当量圆半径宜根据额定轴载和轴载实载率确定适用范围。此研究结果为提高路面结构分析精度提供了可靠的荷载特征参数依据。     

采用单轴激振法对改善轻型载货汽车平顺性的研究

采用单轴激振的台架试验方法，得出在整车安装条件下的车架一阶扭转和一阶弯曲模态，考察各振动传递环节的传递特性，为平顺性改进提供了理论根据，给出平顺性改进后的试验结果。     

自动化公路货物运输量统计方法

为了提高中国公路货运统计的真实性和统计效率，利用自动化交调、轴载检测、高速公路计费、联网联控货车以及国家道路货运量专项调查等数据，提出2种自动化公路货运量统计方法。2种方法均采用浮动检测数据与固定检测数据融合的原理，使用浮动车数据获得运输特征，分别使用高速计费数据及自动化交调数据获得运输规模。通过设备检测数据与人工调查数据的嵌套计算，解决分层统计中行业浮动车代表性不足的问题。通过数据的一致性分析，解决不同类型数据车型划分标准不同给数据融合带来的口径不一致问题。与传统方法相比，统计方式由人工统计转变为自动化统计；统计对象由营运性货车扩展为全社会货车；统计口径由按车籍地统计转变为按运输发生地统计；统计周期由月缩短为日。此外，实现了可按车辆类型、道路类型、运输成分及公路线路的精细化统计。以辽宁省路网和G102国道为例，给出区域公路网和公路线路的货运量统计结果。最后，以高速公路为统计对象，与计费数据获得的货运量对比，验证基于交调数据统计方法的准确性。结果显示，交调融合法的货运量统计误差为11.5%。对比2种方法，交调融合法具有更广泛的适用性和更高的灵活性，为中国公路运输统计现代化发展提供了技术方法，同时探索了利用设备检测数据和人工调查数据嵌套分析解决工程问题的方法。     

基于车流结构的计重收费可变附加值模型研究

计重收费是一种最主要的货车收费形式。为了分析货车流对公路交通的影响,均衡货车交通量的时空分布,需对传统计重收费方式进行优化。分析车流结构对公路使用寿命、通行能力、交通安全的影响,建立可变附加值模型,并分别对按车型收费、轮轴收费、计重收费、可变附加值计重收费4种方式在不同车流结构或货车总质量下的100km收费额度进行对比分析。分析表明,若按车型收费,在货车总质量和流量较小的情况下适用性较好;而按可变附加值计重收费则可更加合理地反映货车对道路及交通流的影响。     

一种料斗与压板联动的新型后装压缩式垃圾车

针对目前市场上所使用的后装压缩式垃圾车存在的结构缺陷，介绍了一种结构简单、易操控、改装成本低、整车轴荷分配合理、使用经济性好的新型后装压缩式垃圾车，并对该车的结构和工作原理进行了阐述。     

汽车驱动桥发响原因分析

汽车驱动桥发响，是目前汽车生产、使用维修中存在的问题之一（在单、双级驱动桥中都有发生）。它直接影响到汽车的高速行驶和驱动桥使用寿命。本文以JN150车的八部发响驱动桥为研究对象，对其进行了观察、检测、分析，找出并排除了引起发响的因素，并重新装好驱动桥，使汽车正常运行。     

8×4重型自卸车制动性能分析

以某8×4重型自卸车为分析对象,建立了四轴汽车的制动力学模型,对该车在满载、超载情况下进行各轴载荷的计算,前、中、后桥制动力矩和制动力分配分析,在此基础上,提出了多轴汽车的行车制动性能分析方法,并与该车制动性能O型试验结果数据进行对比。实例分析结果表明,该方法简单、实用,能对四轴汽车行车制动性能进行有效分析。     

A Qualitative Analysis of the Dynamics of Self-Steering Locomotive Trucks

The primary purpose of this study is to provide a qualitative analysis of the dynamics of the self-steering trucks that are commonly used for freight locomotives - namely, EMD's Radial Truck and GE's Steerable Truck - on improving curving performance and increasing adhesion in curves. Although there exists a number of anecdotal statements on the ability of steerable trucks to reduce curving forces and increase adhesion in curves, to the best of our knowledge, there exists no study that provides a qualitative or quantitative analysis of these features of steerable trucks. Two aspects of locomotive trucks are essential for their ability to deliver small curving forces and high adhesion in curves. First, the ability to allow the axles to yaw sufficiently relative to the truck frames, such that they can hold a small angle of attack with the rail. Second, providing sufficiently large longitudinal stiffness between the end axles and the axles and truck frame, to accommodate high adhesions. An equivalent stiffness analysis is used to show that the two steerable trucks that are considered for this study are far superior to conventional, three-axle, straight trucks in providing both a smaller angle of attack and a higher longitudinal stiffness for better curving and adhesion characteristics. The qualitative analysis of this study agrees with the experience the railroads have had with their self-steering trucks. The findings of this study indicate that self-steering trucks can result in lower lateral forces, accommodate tighter curves, and deliver higher adhesion in curves; without lowering the critical hunting speed of the locomotive. The results further show that the steering mechanism stiffness can have a large effect on the lateral, longitudinal, and yaw stiffness between the end axles; therefore, significantly lowering curving forces, and increasing adhesion and critical hunting speed of the truck.     

A Qualitative Analysis of the Dynamics of Self-Steering Locomotive Trucks

The primary purpose of this study is to provide a qualitative analysis of the dynamics of the self-steering trucks that are commonly used for freight locomotives – namely, EMD's Radial Truck and GE's Steerable Truck – on improving curving performance and increasing adhesion in curves. Although there exists a number of anecdotal statements on the ability of steerable trucks to reduce curving forces and increase adhesion in curves, to the best of our knowledge, there exists no study that provides a qualitative or quantitative analysis of these features of steerable trucks. Two aspects of locomotive trucks are essential for their ability to deliver small curving forces and high adhesion in curves. First, the ability to allow the axles to yaw sufficiently relative to the truck frames, such that they can hold a small angle of attack with the rail. Second, providing sufficiently large longitudinal stiffness between the end axles and the axles and truck frame, to accommodate high adhesions. An equivalent stiffness analysis is used to show that the two steerable trucks that are considered for this study are far superior to conventional, three-axle, straight trucks in providing both a smaller angle of attack and a higher longitudinal stiffness for better curving and adhesion characteristics. The qualitative analysis of this study agrees with the experience the railroads have had with their self-steering trucks. The findings of this study indicate that self-steering trucks can result in lower lateral forces, accommodate tighter curves, and deliver higher adhesion in curves; without lowering the critical hunting speed of the locomotive. The results further show that the steering mechanism stiffness can have a large effect on the lateral, longitudinal, and yaw stiffness between the end axles; therefore, significantly lowering curving forces, and increasing adhesion and critical hunting speed of the truck.     

Vehicle dynamics control using an active third-axle system

This paper introduces the active third-axle system as an innovative vehicle dynamic control method. This method can be applicable for different kinds of three-axle vehicles such as buses, trucks, or even three-axle passenger cars. In this system, an actuator on the middle axle actively applies an independent force on the suspension to improve the handling characteristics, and hence, its technology is similar to slow-active suspension systems. This system can change the inherent vehicle dynamic characteristics, such as under/over steering behaviour, in the linear handling region, as well as vehicle stability in the nonlinear, limit handling region. In this paper, our main focus is to show the potential capabilities of this method in enhancing vehicle dynamic performance. For this purpose, as the first step, the proposed method in both linear and nonlinear vehicle handling regions is studied mathematically. Next, a comprehensive, nonlinear, 10 degrees of freedom vehicle model with a fuzzy control strategy is used to evaluate the effectiveness of this system. The dynamic behaviour of a vehicle, when either uncontrolled or equipped with the active third axle is then compared. Simulation results show that this active system can be considered as an innovative method for vehicle dynamic control.     

基于车辆轴型分类的公路货运车辆运营成本研究

针对目前公路货运车辆运营成本分析中车型分类与装载量确定方法的不足,提出了基于车辆轴型分类的运营成本研究模式,在按轴型划分的交通量和轴载调查的基础上通过建立轴载分布模型确定分析车型与其装载量,并根据政府政策和车辆装载量的影响程度分类统计分析车型的单位运营成本。使用安徽省调查数据推导出了公路货运车辆运营成本与装载量之间的经验公式。结果表明:该省公路货运车辆的平均单位运营成本在0.253-0.756元/t·km之间,与市场运价基本一致。     

Kinematic and dynamic analysis of a heavy truck with individual front suspension

The main focus of this work is on the characteristics of a commercial vehicle with individual front suspension (IFS). Both kinematic and dynamic properties of the vehicle are investigated through simulations and analytical expressions. Moreover, employing the model of the tractor semitrailer combination, the study presents the results of comparison between the trucks with IFS and rigid front axle with respect to comfort and handling. This is done by analysing the responses of the vehicles to different road and steering inputs. The obtained results show enhanced comfort and steering feeling for the truck with IFS.     

Improving the efficiency of weigh in motion systems through optimized allocating truck checking oriented procedure

In the present paper, an effective procedure is proposed to determine the best location(s) for installing Weigh in Motion systems (WIM). The main objective is to determine locations for best performance, defined as the maximum number of once-checked trucks' axle loads and minimizing unnecessary actions. The aforesaid method consists of two main stages, including solving shortest path algorithm and selecting the best location for installing WIM(s). A proper mathematical model has also been developed to achieve objective function. The number of once-checked trucks, unnecessary actions and average installing costs are defined as criteria measures. The proposed procedure was applied in a road network using experimental data, while the results were compared with the usual methods of locating enforcement facilities. Finally, it is concluded that the proposed procedure seems to be more efficient than the traditional methods and local experts' points of view.     

基于CRUISE软件的车辆性能分析与优化

本文以某款牵引列车的动力匹配为主线,分析该车的动力性能和燃油经济性能,建立这种牵引车的优化匹配框架,为其他牵引车的匹配提供参考。主要是对动力传动系统的调整,包括发动机、变速器、驱动桥主传动比,配合对用户实际用车环境的数据采集及分析,使用户的车辆在满足动力性能的情况下获得较为完美合理的经济性能。     

基于CATIA和ANSYS的货车驱动桥壳有限元分析

为验证某货车驱动桥壳是否会出现断裂和塑性变形,利用CATIA软件对某货车驱动桥壳建立三维实体模型,通过传递数据接口,把模型导入有限元分析软件ANSYS,对驱动桥壳进行了2.5倍满载轴荷下的应力分布和变形情况分析。计算结果为：板壳和凸缘连接处最大应力为186MPa,小于材料屈服强度295MPa;轮距最大变形量为0.405728mm/m,小于国家规定的1.5mm/m,该驱动桥壳强度满足设计要求。表明驱动桥半轴套筒与轮毂内轴承的接触面和桥壳与凸缘连接处容易发生损坏,该方法为进一步优化改进设计提供了可靠的理论依据。     

矿用货车自动驾驶条件下侧翻安全分析与极限参数研究

为防止自动驾驶条件下矿用货车发生侧翻,对依靠规划控制层实现侧翻事故的主动预防方法进行研究.针对该问题先建立矿用货车侧倾数学模型,推导静态稳定因子(Static Stability Factor,SSF)与车辆侧倾稳定极限(Roll Stability Limit,RSL)公式.利用TruckSim仿真软件完成水平路面1...     

基于运力均衡与价格弹性的公路货运量预测方法研究

针对传统公路货运量预测中不考虑货运供给特征和货运需求量结构性变化的不足,提出了通过分轮轴类型的交通量调查和轴载谱调查,获取基年车辆装载量概率密度分布函数,使用主流车型的短期平均运输成本拟合得到车辆长期平均运输成本函数,根据运力均衡的思想和货运需求价格弹性模型对计划年分批量的公路货运需求量进行修正,在此基础上建立外部环境变化时计划年公路货运量的预测模型.