氮合金化HRB500E钢的静态再结晶行为试验研究

为了对相关热轧工艺制度的确定提供必要的理论依据,采用应力松弛法研究了氮合金化HRB500E钢的静态再结晶行为,运用Gleeble-1500D热模拟试验机分析了不同的应变量、应变温度、应变速率对试验钢静态再结晶的影响,并与普通的钒微合金化HRB500E钢进行了对比. 依据试验结果,以Avrami 方程为基础,建立了两种试验钢的静态再结晶动力学模型,并进行了静态再结晶分数曲线与模型预测值的对比检验. 研究结果表明,控制两种试验钢的应变量在0.4～1.0区间递增,应变温度在950～1 100 ℃范围内递增,应变速率在0.1～1.0 s?1范围内递增时,其t_0.5值（再结晶完成50%所需要的时间）均分别随之减少,再结晶速度加快;其中,应变量及应变温度对试验钢静态再结晶的影响较为显著,应变速率次之. 在应变条件相同的情况下,氮合金化HRB500E钢静态再结晶进程滞后于钒微合金化HRB500E钢. 检验结果表明,两种试验钢静态再结晶动力学模型预测结果与试验结果较吻合.      

Fractal studies on primary phase morphology of TA15 titanium alloy after hot compressive deformation

The goal of this study is to establish relationships between the hot compression deformation behaviors and the fractal dimension of primary phase morphology of TA15 titanium alloy using the analytical methods of metallurgical microscope and transmission electron microscope coupled with box-counting dimension method. The hot compression deformation behaviors vary with decreasing fractal dimension owing to the change of microstructure caused by different parameters of the hot compressive deformation. The results indicate that TA15 alloy shows dynamic recrystallization characteristics at deformation temperature lower than 850 °C while fractal dimension exhibits a moderate decreasing trend with the temperature increasing, and shows dynamic recovery characteristics at deformation temperature higher than 850 °C while fractal dimension reduces rapidly with the temperature increasing. The fractal dimension displays non-linear relationship with fraction of primary phase and with aspect ratio of primary phase.     

铜镁合金接触线低周疲劳分析

通过采用不同塑性应变幅控制,对冷拔铜镁合金接触线进行室温低周疲劳试验．结果表明,随着循环周次的增加,发生循环软化现象．应力降低速率随着应变的降低而减缓．通过Manson-coffin公式估算出接触线用铜镁合金的低周疲劳寿命,得出应变-寿命关系,并指过渡寿命Nr,所在应变范围．     

铜镁合金接触线低周疲劳分析

通过采用不同塑性应变幅控制,对冷拔铜镁合金接触线进行室温低周疲劳试验.结果表明,随着循环周次的增加,发生循环软化现象.应力降低速率随着应变的降低而减缓.通过Manson-coffin公式估算出接触线用铜镁合金的低周疲劳寿命,得出应变-寿命关系,并指过渡寿命NT所在应变范围.     

Effect of Gr Content and Hot Extrusion on Tensile Properties of （Nano-SiCp~-Gr）/Cu Composites Fabricated by Powder Metallurgy

Novel hybrid Cu matrix composites reinforced by graphite (Gr) particle with volume fraction of 5%?C15% and nano-SiC particle (nano-SiCp) with volume fraction of 3% have been prepared by powder metallurgy. The results show that Gr and nano-SiCp distribute uniformly in the Cu matrix. With increasing the volume fraction of Gr, the tensile strength of the composites decreases from 114 to 51MPa and the elastic modulus decreases from 75 to 60GPa. Compared with the sintered composites, the tensile properties including elastic modulus, tensile strength, yield strength and tensile elongation of the hot-extruded (nano-SiCp+Gr)/Cu composites are improved greatly due to higher relative density of the composites and more uniform distribution of Gr and nano-SiCp, in addition to finer grain size of the matrix as a result of dynamic recovery and recrystallization which occur during hot extrusion process.     

Dynamic recrystallization behavior and microstructural evolution in SPHC steel

The dynamic recrystallization(DRX) behaviors in SPHC steel were investigated with hot compression tests at deformation temperatures of 950-1 150,strain rates of 0.1-15 s-1,and initial austenite grain sizes of 86-232 μm.The effects of deformation temperature,strain,strain rate and the initial austenite grain size on the microstructural evolution during DRX were studied in detail.The results show that DRX is observed under the condition of the Zener-Hollomon parameter being less than 1.07×10 13 s-1.The deformation activation energy for SPHC steel is calculated to be 299.4 kJ/mol by regression analysis.Austenite grain size of DRX is refined with decreasing temperature and increasing strain rate under steady state conditions,but it is not influenced by the initial grain size.The mathematical equation of DRX grain size of SPHC steel is obtained.     

海相黏土静力触探锥形因子影响因素研究

为了研究土体刚度指数、应变软化和应变速率对海相黏土锥形因子的影响,利用有限元方法模拟了圆锥在黏土中的静力贯入,并采用任意拉格朗日-欧拉网格划分技术控制锥尖土体在大应变条件下的网格质量,讨论了稳定状态下传统小应变分析与大应变分析之间的差异性以及土体刚度指数对锥形因子与塑性区扩展的影响;引入土体应变软化参数和应变速率依赖性控制参数,分析了应变软化（灵敏度）和应变速率对锥形因子的影响,并建立了考虑土体刚度指数、应变软化和应变速率影响的锥形因子表达式. 结果表明:传统小应变分析会大大低估土体承载力,大应变极限承载力随着贯入深度的增大而增大,并在12D（D为探头外径）深度处达到稳定状态;锥形因子与塑性区均随着刚度指数的增大而增大,锥尖附近塑性区的径向扩张更接近于球形孔扩张;土体灵敏度随着应变软化参数的减小而增大,锥形因子出现小幅度减小;随着应变速率控制参数的增大,锥形因子出现大幅增加,但增量与灵敏度无关;锥形因子表达式量化了刚度指数、应变软化和应变速率对海相黏土的影响,有助于利用静力触探技术更准确的评价海相黏土抗剪强度.      

包铝层对2A12铝合金搅拌摩擦焊焊缝电化学性能的影响

对1.35 mm厚、带包铝层的2A12铝合金搅拌摩擦焊（FSW）同种焊缝的金相组织进行了分析,在此基础上,在室温0.2 mol/L NaHSO3＋0.6 mol/L NaC l溶液中,对母材（带包铝层的2A12）和同种焊缝进行了静态腐蚀失重和动电位极化扫描的对比研究.金相组织观察表明：FSW焊缝组织出现了明显的变化,焊核区发生了动态再结晶,形成细小的等轴晶结构.静态腐蚀失重和动电位极化扫描结果表明：包铝层起到较好的防护作用,母材的电化学性能要优于焊缝的电化学性能.     

多孔棉布-酚醛轴承保持架的应变速率敏感性

为了分析研究多孔棉布-酚醛轴承保持架的应变速率敏感性，使用纳米压痕仪测量其在应变速率为0.01～ 0.05 s?1时的硬度和弹性模量，通过Kelvin-Voigt模型对材料的黏弹性进行分析，研究了材料在不同应变速率下的应变硬化效应和应变局部软化效应. 研究结果表明:随着应变速率提高，多孔棉布-酚醛材料的硬度和弹性模量先增加后减小；当应变速率从0.01 s?1增加到0.05 s?1，多孔棉布-酚醛材料硬度和弹性模量的增加与材料的应变硬化现象有关；当应变速率从0.05 s?1增加到0.30 s?1，蠕变位移显著增加，接触刚度快速降低，形变以热的形式消耗在压头与材料的接触界面，压头接触区材料从黏弹性向黏性转变，局部材料黏度降低，硬度和弹性模量快速减小；多孔棉布-酚醛的硬度和弹性模量随应变速率的变化是应变硬化效应和应变局部软化效应竞争的结果.      

An Internal State Variable Model for the Low Temperature Tempering of Low Alloy Steels

QuanitativelyaccuratePredictionsofquenchinduceddistOnionandresidualstressrelyontheabilitytopredictthemicrosthectUralevolUtionthroughOutthequenchProcess.InlowaIloysteels,cUrrenresearchMshavefOcusedontheformationldneticsoffetrite,pearlite,bainiteandmartensite.However,temPeringcanhavealargeinfluenceondistOnionandresidualstrCss,andeffortstoaccountforthislagbehindthemodelingofthePrimnyphasetransihons.AsafirststeptowardsaccountingfortemPerillg,wehavedevelOpedanintemalstatevariablemodelthatuses…     

Texture Development of a Cold-rolled CuZnAl Alloy

lIntroductionTheCu26Zn-5Al-0.7Ti(wt%)allOysareshaPeIneInOryalloys.PolytwstallineshaPempalloysareingeneralusedinengineeringaPPlicatons.TheshapempeffectsarecloselyrelatedwiththetextUresforthesing1ecrystalshavetheshmplyanisotrOPicPfOPetw[l-3].ItwasshownthatextUredshaPempal1oyspossessedthebettershaPememOryeffectsthannontextUrdones[4].Cu-basedallOystendeasilytOgrowintolnyegrainsinhotrolling,andarenosultabletocoldrollingbecausethe0PhasehasalowmalleabilityatroomtemperatUre.FortheCuZnAlal…     

点焊电极点焊镀锌钢板的失效分析

本文对Ｃｒ—Ｃｒ—Ｃｕ合金材料制造的电极在点焊镀锌钢板时的失效形式进行了分析．结果表明：Ｃｒ—Ｚｒ－Ｃｕ合金材料制造的电极在点焊镀锌钢板时的失效形式主要是电极头部的塑性变形、电极端面的合金化以及再结晶和粘附。点焊镀锌钢板时电极失效的主要原因是Ｃｒ—Ｚｒ—Ｃｕ名金材料的软化温度低，点焊温度下的硬度、强度低和端面的合金化。     

功能梯度输流管在弹性基体中的热弹性振动分析

为了研究嵌入弹性基体功能梯度输流管的流固耦合振动问题，首先根据欧拉梁模型理论推导得到功能梯度输流管道的振动控制方程，然后采用微分求积法对振动控制方程进行求解，最后根据计算结果详细讨论了材料组分的体积分数、温度、长细比及弹性基体的弹性系数对系统的固有频率及临界流速的影响. 研究结果表明:（1） 内部材料组分的体积分数增大会使系统的无量纲固有频率增大，临界流速减小（指数n由0增大到10，流速为0时的固有频率增大约13%，临界流速减小约6%）；（2） 随着温度的升高，系统的固有频率和其临界流速都会降低（长径比为100时，温度升高30 K，流速为0时的固有频率减小约4%，临界流速减小约14%），减小长径比会使得系统的固有频率明显下降（长径比为100、50和20时，系统的固有频率分别为160、41.1和11.87.）；（3） 系统的固有频率随着管道外径的增大而降低，管壁越薄变化越快，管壁越厚变化越慢（外径由0.1 m增大到0.11 m时，其固有频率的下降幅度约为外径由0.19 m增大到0.2 m时的100倍）；（4） 弹性基体弹性系数k增大会提高系统的固有频率（k增大3倍，系统的固有频率提高了约74%）.      

Simulation and analysis of microstructure evolution of IN718 in rotary forgings by FEM

A numerical analysis was performed to study the in?uence of process parameters on the microstruc-ture evolution of IN718 alloy in rotary forging using the finite element method(FEM).For this purpose, a constitutive equation considering the effects of strain hardening and dynamic softening of IN718 alloy was built.The constitutive equation and microstructure models were implemented into the finite element code to investigate the microstructure evolution during rotary forging subject to large deformations.The simulations were carried out in the ratio of initial height to diameter range 0.2-0.8, the angle of the rocker 3°-7° and the relative feed per revolution range 0.01-0.1 r-1.The research results revealed the deformation mechanism and the correlation of process parameters with the grain size evolution of IN718 alloy during rotary forging.These provide evidence for the selection of rotary forging parameters.     

水泥改良土力学特性试验研究

在大量动静三轴试验的基础上,研究了水泥改良土试样的应力．应变关系,掺和比及围压等影响因素,以及临界动应力、累计塑性应变、弹性应变及回弹模量的变化规律,同时,还研究了水泥土的回弹模量和动弹性应变与振动次数的变化规律．试验结果表明：水泥土的应力．应变曲线呈软化型,存在明显的应力峰值点;动应力存在一个临界值,土体的变形分为衰减型、破坏型及临界型;水泥土的临界动应力是素土的两倍以上,随掺和比的增加而增长,但增长趋势变缓．     

常温及低温下奥氏体不锈钢低循环变形行为的研究

本文通过宏微观结合,研究了奥氏体不锈铜常温及低温下低循环变形行为,着重讨论了应变幅值、试验温度、奥氏体稳定性对低周疲劳寿命、循环硬化/软化的影响;分析宏微观试验结果,提出了材料循环变形过程中硬化与软化同时存在的观点。     

基于环剪试验的含钙质结核古土壤剪切特性

含钙质结核古土壤在黄土滑坡的剪切带中广泛分布，影响滑坡的剪切特性. 通过固结排水环剪试验，改变轴应力大小，研究不同钙质结核含量下古土壤的剪切力学特性；基于对剪切破坏面的宏观结构分析，总结并提出剪切破坏面的“一”型和“U”型两种破坏形态及平稳、过渡、波动3种破坏模式. 研究结果表明:在低轴应力下，应力-位移曲线均为软化型，具有明显的残余强度特性，随钙质结核含量增大，应变软化特性变弱；在高轴应力下，则表现为硬化型；钙质结核颗粒能增大土的剪切强度、摩擦角，减小黏聚力；剪切带厚度与钙质结核含量正相关，与 D50 负相关；在大位移剪切作用下，颗粒会发生破碎，通过对剪切前后粒径分析，确定了钙质结核主要破碎区间为3～5 mm，破碎率为19.5%～55.5%；古土壤由 0.01～0.05 mm颗粒破碎为 0.002～0.010 mm的较小颗粒.      

Microstructure evolution during remelting of high solid fraction ZL101 alloy

This work deals with the reheating process for semi-solid thixoforming of ZL101 (AlSi7Mg) alloy. The semi-solid state can decrease the viscosity and the resistance while sheared because of the evolutional behavior, which is characterized by a solid-like behavior at rest and a liquid flow during shearing. The microstructure evolution of ZL101 alloy at different temperatures from 540 to 580 °C has been studied. Results show that the eutectic temperature can affect the transformation speed of semi-solid structure. Semi-solid microstructures with high solid fraction can be obtained by controlling the reheating time in less than 20min, while at the temperature lower than the eutectic temperature it needs more than one hour. Another character of semi-solid ZL101 alloy is the segregation of microstructures in semi-solid state, in which the liquid phase between the solid phases can flow freely and lead to the shrinkage of the sample during the heating process. As the holding time goes on, more shrinkage holes appear and change the surface of the specimen. These shrinkage holes are replenished by the liquid phase during compression deformation, resulting in the segregation of the components.     

Recycling of aluminum from fibre metal laminates

Recycling of aluminum alloy scrap obtained from delaminated fibre metal laminates (FMLs) was studied through high temperature refining in the presence of a salt flux. The aluminum alloy scrap contains approximately mass fraction w(Cu) = 4.4%, w(Mg) = 1.1% and w(Mn) = 0.6% (2024 aluminum alloy). The main objective of this research is to obtain a high metal yield, while maintaining its original alloy compositions. The work focuses on the metal yield and quality of recycled Al alloy under different refining conditions. The NaCl-KCl salt system was selected as the major components of flux in the Al alloy recycling. Two different flux compositions were employed at NaCl to KCl mass ratios of 44:56 and 70:30 respectively, based on either the eutectic composition, or the European preference. Different additives were introduced into the NaCl-KCl system to study the effect of flux component on recycling result. Although burning and oxidation loss of the alloying elements during re-melting and refining take place as the drawbacks of conventional refining process, the problems can be solved to a large extent by using an appropriate salt flux. Experimental results indicate that Mg in the alloy gets lost when adding cryolite in the NaCl-KCl salt system, though the metal yield can reach as high as 98%. However, by adding w(MgF₂) = 5% into the NaCl-KCl salt system (instead of using cryolite) all alloying elements were well controlled to its original composition with a metal yield of almost 98%.     

Fe-Mn-Ge合金弹性模量反常与相变的研究

利用声频共振方法测量了Fe—Mn—Ge合金的杨氏模量与温度之间的关系，顺磁-反铁磁性转变导致合金出现明显的弹性模量反常，产生模量软化。Ge降低Fe—Mn合金的弹性模量E和尼尔转变温度TN，增大△E值，并使TN以下的弹性模量温度系数βE由负变正，γ ε两相组织有利于获得较小的风值恒弹性合金，以E-T曲线确定的合金相变温度与以磁化率、电阻率、膨胀率确定的相变温度基本吻合，用弹性模量方法能准确地测定出合金马氏体相变点和磁性转变点。