The vertical disintegration of ship management: choice criteria for third party selection and evaluation

An assessment of the rationale for the vertical disintegration of ship management suggests that there might be compelling economic benefits for the separation of ownership from management. In this context, as a means for developing effective marketing strategies, it is important for ship managers to know the criteria used by current and prospective clients for ship manager selection and evaluation. The aim of this paper is to empirically identify the dimensions for ship manager selection and performance evaluation and their relative importance and to discuss the implications for marketing emanating from such an assessment. The methodology adopted includes the collection of secondary and primary data, both from ship managers and their clients, using interviews and a mail survey. The results indicate the prevailing importance of certain dimensions in selection (e.g. technical ability, reputation, competency) and evaluation (responsiveness, trustworthiness, technical ability), whereas it also found that price alone is not perceived to be as important in ship manager selection. It is concluded that placing emphasis on such dimensions in the formulation of a marketing strategy will contribute towards the attraction and retention of clients, whereas cost-cutting measures to allow price reduction, as well as advertising, will be ineffective over the long term.     

An empirical assessment of relational competitive advantage in professional ship management

Intense competition in many sectors across the maritime industry and in professional ship management in particular, means that the quest for achieving competitiveness will continue and intensify. A review of the current strategies across many sectors of the industry indicates the importance of forging stable partnerships for the achievement of competitiveness. Considering that the capability to form a relationship is an intangible resource (as depicted in resource-advantage theory), an empirical assessment in the context of ship management was undertaken. The assessment aimed to identify the type of relationships present in ship management, and succeeded in classifying those relationships into four distinct groups. The central thesis of the paper is that maritime organizations in general, and ship management companies in particular, may utilize their intangible relational resources in order to achieve competitive advantage. Based on the classification of ship management relationships, implications for managers are discussed.     

An empirical assessment of relational competitive advantage in professional ship management

Intense competition in many sectors across the maritime industry and in professional ship management in particular, means that the quest for achieving competitiveness will continue and intensify. A review of the current strategies across many sectors of the industry indicates the importance of forging stable partnerships for the achievement of competitiveness. Considering that the capability to form a relationship is an intangible resource (as depicted in resource-advantage theory), an empirical assessment in the context of ship management was undertaken. The assessment aimed to identify the type of relationships present in ship management, and succeeded in classifying those relationships into four distinct groups. The central thesis of the paper is that maritime organizations in general, and ship management companies in particular, may utilize their intangible relational resources in order to achieve competitive advantage. Based on the classification of ship management relationships, implications for managers are discussed.     

Marketing the professional ship management service

This article aims to apply the relationship marketing concept in a professional ship management context. The dramatic growth in the ship management industry means that companies are increasingly seeking ways of ensuring competitiveness. Efforts have mainly concentrated on the improvement of the quality of the service, market entry strategies, establishment in strategic locations, and promotion. Nevertheless, it is argued that in the professional service context of ship management, the aspect of building and maintaining client relationships is of utmost importance. The building of client relationships will require investments of an economic and social nature, training of personnel and the consideration of marketing as a strategic issue. Ship management companies that build long-term client relationships will ensure client retention, reduce transaction costs and achieve differentiation and competitiveness.     

Understanding the ocean container market—a seven country study [1]

Carrier selection criteria have been an issue in carrier marketing since the 1970s. Investigator location and interest has usually limited customer surveys to one geographic market. Market characteristics—differing purchase and service characteristics—have led to model seperation in the studies undertaken and sample size has constrained most researchers to reporting results as though customers were homogeneous in their needs. This has resulted in price versus service debates with conflicting conclusions. This paper explores the differences in the importance of various ocean container carrier selection criteria on the North Atlantic route for discrete geographic and customer segments. The paper reviewss the carrier selection literature and notes that carrier selection research to date has generally suffered from one or more of three problems: (1) because the research has focused on criteria 'importance', it has not identified determinants of purchase behaviour, that is, the 'salience' of different criteria; (2) the research has had sample size problems leading to the need to assume that the market is homogeneous or, less acceptable, that importance ratings will identify usable segments via factor analysis; and (3) carrier perfomance evaluation in conjucation with determinant criteria has largely been ignored. The paper focused on the problems surrounding the second of these by evaluating the relative importance of various service attributes for different geographic and customer dimensions. The paper concludes that the market is definitely not homogeneous in its requirements of carriers and that different elements surface as important both in identifiable geographical markets and customer groups. It also draws a number of conclusions about carrier choice in future and the implications for academic research.     

船舶管理公司的法律地位与责任

基于船舶管理和船舶管理人的法律含义、我国船舶管理业和调整船舶管理业的法律现状的介绍,分析和论述了我国船舶管理业务市场准入制度,船舶管理人的法律地位及其与政府主管部门、委托人和第三者的法律关系,以及船舶管理人可能承担的行政责任和民事责任,并提出了完善我国调整船舶管理业的法律和船舶管理人减少经营责任风险的建议。     

船舶设备供应商综合评价方法研究

为做好船舶设备供应商评价工作,船厂一线工作人员亟需一种简单实用的评价方法来指导船舶设备供应商的综合评价工作.以船舶设备供应商为研究对象,根据船舶设备供应商的特点,构建了船舶设备供应商的综合评价指标体系,采用专家调查法确定隶属度,应用层次分析法(AHP)获得指标权重,运用多级模糊综合评价理论,建立了一种船舶设备供应商综合评价方法.该方法简单实用,可操作性强,较好地满足了船厂一线工作人员的需要.     

Third party ship management: the case of separation of ownership and management in the shipping context

The last four decades have seen the rise of third party ship management and its evolution into an industry in its own right. This signified a new reality in ship management practice, whereby the traditional custom of doing business with the ship owner being also the ship manager was abandoned and a revolutionary model that assigned the role of the owner and the role of the manager to two different entities was proposed. In essence, then, third party ship management comes very close, in principle and in practice, to the separation of ownership and management as experienced in many industrial fields, after the emergence, in the last half of the 19th century, of the salaried manager. The purpose of this paper is to examine the forces at work in the process of such separation with a view to provide an insight into the relevant, contemporary parameters that can be considered instrumental in the strategic decision to employ third party ship management     

实用船舶结构疲劳评估方法概要

船舶结构的疲劳评估是船舶力学的主要研究领域之一。本文对常用的船舶结构疲劳评估方法——船级社提出的简化方法、谱分析法、设计波法、断裂力学方法,以及概率S-N曲线和概率断裂力学方法进行了概述。首先分别对每种方法中的关键技术细节进行了较为详细的论述,给出了这些技术细节当前的处理方法及存在的主要问题。最后,对各方法进行了总结和概括,指出了每种方法的优缺点,并给出了每种方法未来的研究重点和发展方向。     

The ship owners’ stance on third party ship management: an empirical study

The last four decades have seen the rise of third-party ship management and its evolution into an industry in its own right. Specifically, the present study reviews independent ship management with a view to identifying those contemporary parameters, relating to several environmental forces that can be considered to be conducive to the employment of professional ship managers. The focus of the investigation is on the comparison of two traditional maritime centres, Greece and the UK, which have been chosen after a thorough selection process and found to serve in the best possible way our research objectives. An analytical examination of the ship management sector in Greece and the UK is undertaken looking into the ship owners’ viewpoint on a number of key issues. The analysed data yielded some very interesting results.     

沿海成品油船船型技术经济论证

将模糊综合评判方法应用到沿海成品油船新船型开发设计的技术经济论证中,并开发了船型论证程序,结合主尺度变化范围、尺度比以及各性能要求的约束条件,对各种船型方案进行模糊综合评估,得到最佳船型方案,并给出了单船营运情况下的论证结果。     

Risk influencing factors analysis of Arctic maritime transportation systems: a Chinese perspective

Recently, the melting of Arctic sea ice and development of maritime technology are enabling the regular voyages in Arctic waters. However, the Arctic maritime transportation system (AMTS) is a complex and dynamic system with respect to human, technical, environmental and organizational issues. For example, ships operating in Arctic waters suffer severe weather conditions, fully and partially ice-covered waters, and are also difficult to search and rescue in ice-covered Arctic waters due to remoteness from lands. These risk factors will influence the safety and security of ships operating in Arctic waters. For this, this paper identifies potential risk influencing factors (RIFs) for the AMTS from human, technical (ship), environmental and organizational aspects. An analytical hierarchy process (AHP) method is used to analyze the hierarchical relationships and calculate the relative importance of the selected RIFs. Due to the complexity and uncertainty involved in the comprehensive analysis of RIFs for the AMTS, fuzzy sets are incorporated into AHP analysis to represent and treat the epistemic uncertainty. The identified critical RIFs in this study can be used to propose specific guidance for the operations of crews on board, ship owners, and ship managers.     

The ship owners' stance on third party ship management: an empirical study

The last four decades have seen the rise of third-party ship management and its evolution into an industry in its own right. Specifically, the present study reviews independent ship management with a view to identifying those contemporary parameters, relating to several environmental forces that can be considered to be conducive to the employment of professional ship managers. The focus of the investigation is on the comparison of two traditional maritime centres, Greece and the UK, which have been chosen after a thorough selection process and found to serve in the best possible way our research objectives. An analytical examination of the ship management sector in Greece and the UK is undertaken looking into the ship owners' viewpoint on a number of key issues. The analysed data yielded some very interesting results.     

砂石自卸船稳性影响因素及管理措施

从砂石自卸船的结构形式,堆装方式,船舶主尺度,超载及输送带架和抽砂装置等6个方面分析了其对砂石自卸船稳胜的影响,并从技术上和管理上提出了解决措施,为制定砂石自卸船安全管理、操作规程、设计检验等提供了参考依据。     

Configuration estimation method for preliminary cost of ships based on engineering bills of materials

Ships are complex engineering structures that are designed and built on the basis of technical experience. A shipowner will often be required to estimate the price of a new ship on the basis of the value of comparable ships identified in trade journals. Similarly, shipbuilders are often interested in estimating approximate costs during the tendering phase in order to determine whether a ship is likely to be competitive for a particular order. Thus, when designing a ship prior to having obtained a contract, one of the most important processes is the estimation of approximate costs, including materials, associated labor, and overhead. During this preliminary design phase, the design is temporary and subject to change based on variations in the shipowner’s requirements. Hence, quick and flexible responses are key during this period and an integral aspect of the competitive powers of the shipbuilder. Given this environment, we propose a “configuration estimation method.” Our method is based on the configuration design method that is widely used in three-dimensional (3D) computer aided design (CAD) systems. We assume that a product lifecycle management system is furnished and that the cost is then estimated via the configuration of the ship, using an engineering bill of materials (E-BOM). In referring to the E-BOM, we utilize technical parametric costs derived from similar ships built previously. Using the proposed method, it is possible to obtain an accurate list of materials from the quotation, as well as a detailed work assessment for labor costs and overhead rates, so that reliable cost estimates can be generated quickly and flexibly. To demonstrate the practical applicability and effectiveness of the proposed method, we implement the prototype of a shipbuilding configuration estimation system by using a Microsoft Structured Query Language database and an E-BOM from AVEVA Marine version 12.01, which is a representative CAD system for shipbuilding.     

南通中远川崎绿色造船模式的探索与构建

南通中远川崎船舶工程有限公司作为国内第一家中外合资造船企业,从创建伊始就立足于构建资源节约和环境友好的现代造船企业。公司以精益管理和持续改善思想为指导,以数字造船为基础,在产品的设计、制造、营销、供应链、技术改造、管理体系等方面推行标准化管理、目标化管理、"6S"和"NPS"管理、全员自主管理,形成了独具特色的绿色造船模式。     

Towards a short time “feature-based costing” for ship design

Cost is perhaps the most influential factor in the outcome of a product or service within many of today’s industries. Cost assessment during the early stage of ship design is crucial. It influences the go, no-go decision concerning a new development. Cost assessment occurs at various stages of ship design development. Economic evaluation as early as possible, in the design phase, is therefore vital to find the best pricefunction compromise for the ship projects. The authors have developed a feature-based costing model for cost effectiveness measurements intended to be used by ship designers for the real time control of cost process. The outcome is that corrective actions can be taken by management in a rather short time to actually improve or overcome predicted unfavourable performance.     

综合安全评价在船舶动力装置中的应用

综合安全评价（FSA）是一种在工程技术与工程运行管理中用于制定合理可行的规则和提供风险控制的综合性、结构化和系统性的分析方法，将FSA引入到船舶动力装置的安全评价中，是对船舶安全评价的一次尝试，按照综合安全评价的五个步骤对影响船舶动力装置安全的因素进行了分析评价。具体应用时，使用故障树分析法以拉缸故障为实例做了定性和定量分析，根据评价结果提出了相应的安全管理措施，为船舶轮机人员及管理人员提供参考。     

关于船长权力的思考

在船舶管理工作中,随着航运企业的营运市场化,必须改变传统观念对船长权力的思考,应以国际公约、规则和法律为依据,正确理解船长权力的界限,全面落实对船长的授权,保证船长具有适当的指挥资格;完全熟悉船公司的安全管理体系;能可靠地履行其职责。使船长能有效地实施船舶管理和安全运行。     

渝申300 TEU 集装箱标准船型研究

本项目是根据交通部到2010年底前在长江、珠江三角洲水网地区基本实现船舶标准化的战略目标,推进川江及三峡库区船型标准化的西部交通建设科技项目.主要介绍渝申300 TEU江型集装箱标准船型的总体设计,重点研究该船的主尺度分析、快速性、总体布置.并对全船概况、船舶技术性能评估等方面进行了介绍.本船具有良好的经济性指标,比国内同类型船快速性指标提高4.4%,千吨公里油耗降低4.8%,单位功率载箱量提高14.3%,已达到国内先进水平.渝申300 TEU集装箱标准船型是目前设计的三峡库区尺度最大、载箱量最多的集装箱标准船型.