基于非线性空气弹簧模型的整车仿真与主客观评价

应用非线性空气弹簧模型,研究了空气悬架整车的动力学仿真和主观评价。结合空气弹簧频率、振幅相关性模型与Simulink仿真,给出了空气悬架整车7自由度模型,对比了不同路面情形下悬架动行程和簧上加速度的均方根值和功率谱密度。从时域和频率2个角度分析了不同速度、路面及减振器阻尼情形下空气悬架整车的动态特性。对装有不同空气弹簧的整车进行主、客观试验测试。结果表明：悬架动行程预测误差小于7%,簧上位置加速度共振峰值预测误差小于6%,共振频率预测误差小于6%;从而验证了所提模型的普适性和精确性;反映了带空气悬架整车的动态特性,解释了平顺性主客观试验的机理。     

空气悬架大客车平顺性仿真研究

空气弹簧具有变刚度特性，其固有振动频率要比钢板弹簧低得多，且不随汽车承载质量的变化而改变。安装有空气悬架的汽车车轮动载荷小，可以获得良好的行驶平顺性、操纵稳定性和行驶安全性，减小了高速行驶车辆对路面的破坏。空气悬架在汽车悬架系统中的应用越来越广泛。本文以安装有空气悬架的大客车为研究对象，利用多体系统动力学原理建立空气弹簧大客车整车动力学仿真模型，并对其平顺性进行仿真研究。     

空气弹簧座椅技术及其发展趋势

空气弹簧座椅是一个全新概念的座椅系统，它取消了座椅支撑板和汽车地板之间传统的弹簧悬挂，通过空气弹簧以及辅助系统缓解来自路面的激励。它改变了传统的座椅悬挂系统，可以提高汽车驾驶人员的乘坐舒适性，减轻疲劳，提高行驶安全性，降低行车事故的发生。本文介绍了空气弹簧座椅的物理和力学模型，阐述了空气弹簧座椅系统的关键技术，主要问题及解决方法，并展望了空气弹簧座椅系统的发展趋势。     

空气悬架客车平顺性仿真分析

以大客车1/2车辆模型为仿真对象,应用Matlab软件建立整车平顺性模型。采用有理函数功率谱参数,建立路面对客车激励的时域模型,并用分段线性插值函数与最小二乘法拟合空气弹簧的刚度曲线,对大客车空气弹簧悬架进行计算机仿真软件的编制,在Simulink中进行仿真运算,并将仿真结果与试验结果进行比较。结果表明,所建立的仿真模型可以对空气悬架大客车平顺性作出正确的预测。     

悬架橡胶件对汽车平顺性影响的仿真与实验研究

将橡胶件的Kelvin-Voigt模型与整车模型相结合,应用虚拟坐标法建立了整车8自由度振动模型,从频域和时域分析了橡胶连接件的刚度和阻尼对座椅与车身振动加速度、悬架动挠度和轮胎动载荷的影响.结果表明:与未考虑橡胶件的影响相比,计及橡胶件的弹性,即适当选择橡胶连接件刚度时,仿真结果更接近试验实测数据,可使座椅与车身的垂向加速度、车身俯仰角加速度和轮胎动载荷减少15％ ～40％;橡胶件的阻尼对平顺性影响较小.     

两种工程机械用悬架座椅的性能比较

探讨工程机械使用过程中引发的振动对人体产生的影响，介绍常见座椅悬架系统。通过ISO7096：2000试验，比较分析空气悬架座椅和机械弹簧悬架座椅的减振性能，供实际选用时参考。     

车辆整车振动模型自由度的模糊选择

运用模糊数学理论，本文分析了车辆整车振动模型自由度与计算精度之间的关系。以整车模型的参数作为因素集，以驾驶员座椅1／3倍频带加速度均方根值作为评价集，用模糊综合评判确定了整车振动模型的自由度，并用试验验证了该方法的正确性。该方法对整车振动的理论研究有参考价值。     

多孔材料与声腔、钣金耦合的研究及建模方法标定

为突破汽车NVH仿真中NTF仿真精度难题,设计制作了“刚性壁乘员舱”,把“声腔模态”与“容器”的耦合效应降到可以忽略。基于此刚性壁乘员舱,分析了子声腔对整体声腔模态的影响,讨论了多孔材料的建模方法,建立了座椅和地毯等多孔材料模型,量化分析了前围隔声材料对钣金振动与声腔模态耦合的影响。仿真和试验对标的结果表明,空腔模态、空气传递声传递函数、结构传递振动传递函数和声传递函数均获得较好的仿真精度,为整车低频路噪和发动机噪声控制提供了参考。     

铰接式自卸车悬架系统动力学建模与仿真

建立了一个铰接式自卸车9自由度线性动力学模型，并用Matlab语言编写了基于Simpson算法的仿真程序，来仿真它对路面随机输入的响应，用以计算数种工况下座椅总加权加速度均方根值。仿真结果表明，所建模型能较好地吻合座椅的实际振动，不仅可以正确评估系统的平顺性性能，还可为新型铰接车辆悬架系统、橡胶弹簧的优化设计提供理论和方法支持。     

汽车空气悬架的现状展趋势

在相同的载荷作用下，空气弹簧可以得到比钢板弹簧低得多的振动频率，从而提高行驶平中性；空气弹簧具有变刚度特性，固有频率可以根据需要而适当地改变，由于其具有优良的性质，使得空气悬架在汽车悬架系统中的应用越来越广泛，在国外已渐渐发展成为标准装备，中对空气悬架的现状及发展趋势进行了阐述，同时分析了空气悬架的结构和工作原理，空气弹簧的特性及其在整车中的布置方式。     

Kineto-dynamic design optimisation for vehicle-specific seat-suspension systems

Designs and analyses of seat-suspension systems are invariably performed considering effective vertical spring rate and damping properties, while neglecting important contributions due to kinematics of the widely used cross-linkage mechanism. In this study, a kineto-dynamic model of a seat-suspension is formulated to obtain relations for effective vertical suspension stiffness and damping characteristics as functions of those of the air spring and the hydraulic damper, respectively. The proposed relations are verified through simulations of the multi-body dynamic model of the cross-linkage seat-suspension in the ADAMS platform. The validity of the kineto-dynamic model is also demonstrated through comparisons of its vibration transmission response with the experimental data. The model is used to identify optimal air spring coordinates to attain nearly constant natural frequency of the suspension, irrespective of the seated body mass and seated height. A methodology is further proposed to identify optimal damping requirements for vehicle-specific suspension designs to achieve minimal seat effective amplitude transmissibility (SEAT) and vibration dose value (VDV) considering vibration spectra of different classes of earthmoving vehicles. The shock and vibration isolation performance potentials of the optimal designs are evaluated under selected vehicle vibration superimposed with shock motions. Results show that the vehicle-specific optimal designs could provide substantial reductions in the SEAT and VDV values for the vehicle classes considered.     

Power Requirement of Active Vibration Control Systems

The paper deals with the theoretical estimation of the minimal power requirement, necessary for the operation of the active vibration control system (AVCS), connected with a passive one. It is assumed this compound system is used for the vibration control purposes in the heavy vehicle driver's seats. The systems considered in the paper are of two kinds. In the first case the electro-hydraulic actuator of the AVCS is situated in series to the spring-damper combination of the seat suspension. The second system under consideration is formed by parallel connection of electro-pneumatic actuator and the spring-damper combination of the seat suspension, which is a mechanical model of a real air spring with controlled in-flow and out-flow of the air. The comparison of results for both compound systems shows markedly higher power consumption of the serial system. The theoretical results are in acceptable agreement with the experimental data.     

Power Requirement of Active Vibration Control Systems

SUMMARY

The paper deals with the theoretical estimation of the minimal power requirement, necessary for the operation of the active vibration control system (AVCS), connected with a passive one. It is assumed this compound system is used for the vibration control purposes in the heavy vehicle driver's seats. The systems considered in the paper are of two kinds. In the first case the electro-hydraulic actuator of the AVCS is situated in series to the spring-damper combination of the seat suspension. The second system under consideration is formed by parallel connection of electro-pneumatic actuator and the spring-damper combination of the seat suspension, which is a mechanical model of a real air spring with controlled in-flow and out-flow of the air. The comparison of results for both compound systems shows markedly higher power consumption of the serial system. The theoretical results are in acceptable agreement with the experimental data.     

基于磁流变阻尼器的半主动车辆座椅悬架模糊控制研究

设计基于磁流变阻尼器的半主动车辆座椅悬架系统的模糊控制器。用ADAMS对系统建立三维多刚体动力学模型,用MATLAB设计系统模糊控制器,并联合两者对整个系统进行仿真。仿真和台架试验结果表明,模糊控制策略能使该系统较好抑制垂直振动加速度,提高乘坐的舒适性。     

Nonlinearity in the vertical transmissibility of seating: the role of the human body apparent mass and seat dynamic stiffness

The efficiency of a seat in reducing vibration depends on the characteristics of the vibration, the dynamic characteristics of the seat, and the dynamic characteristics of the person sitting on the seat. However, it is not known whether seat cushions influence the dynamic response of the human body, whether the human body influences the dynamic response of seat cushions, or the relative importance of human body nonlinearity and seat nonlinearity in causing nonlinearity in measures of seat transmissibility. This study was designed to investigate the nonlinearity of the coupled seat and human body systems and to compare the apparent mass of the human body supported on rigid and foam seats. A frequency domain model was used to identify the dynamic parameters of seat foams and investigate their dependence on the subject-sitting weight and hip breadth. With 15 subjects, the force and acceleration at the seat base and acceleration at the subject interface were measured during random vertical vibration excitation (0.25–25 Hz) at each of five vibration magnitudes, (0.25–1.6 ms^?2 r.m.s.) with four seating conditions (rigid flat seat and three foam cushions). The measurements are presented in terms of the subject's apparent mass on the rigid and foam seat surfaces, and the transmissibility and dynamic stiffness of each of the foam cushions. Both the human body and the foams showed nonlinear softening behaviour, which resulted in nonlinear cushion transmissibility. The apparent masses of subjects sitting on the rigid seat and on foam cushions were similar, but with an apparent increase in damping when sitting on the foams. The foam dynamic stiffness showed complex correlations with characteristics of the human body, which differed between foams. The nonlinearities in cushion transmissibilities, expressed in terms of changes in resonance frequencies and moduli, were more dependent on human body nonlinearity than on cushion nonlinearity.     

对汽车平顺性评价方法的探讨与建议

首先分析了现行国家标准GB4970-1996<汽车平顺性随机输入行驶试验方法>与国际上通行的人体振动评价标准ISO2631-1997的区别.通过道路试验测量了驾驶员坐垫、靠背和脚部的平移振动以及坐垫的旋转振动共lO个方向的振动.分析发现汽车中人体振动的峰值因子一般小于9;而按照GB4970和ISO2631的试验数据对比表明,GB4970在一定程度上低估了人体振动.分析各方向振动所占的比例发现,坐垫垂向振动、靠背前后振动和坐垫侧倾振动影响最大.最后提出了对汽车平顺性评价方法的建议.     

汽车座椅六通道道路模拟试验的研究

结合实际开发需要,应用已有的试验车辆、试验设备和测量仪器,通过远程参数控制在六通道多轴模拟振动台（MAST）上实现了安装在车身内座椅总成的室内道路模拟试验技术,正确、快速地模拟试件在试车场强化道路上的振动特性,取得满意的试验结果。缩短了试验周期、降低了试验费用,提高了产品开发的成功率。     

基于ADAMS的大型客车空气弹簧前悬架仿真分析与比较

利用虚拟样机技术,在ADAMS软件环境下建立了ZF、DANA和SCANIA3种大型客车空气弹簧前独立悬架的多体运动学计算模型,并进行了刚体运动学和弹性体运动学仿真分析研究。在车轮跳动条件下对这3种大型客车空气弹簧前悬架定位参数的变化规律进行了比较研究,并对后两者的前束角进行了优化设计,为同类型空气弹簧前悬架系统设计提供了参考。     

Hybrid modeling of seat-cab coupled system for truck

For the complex structure and vibration characteristics of the seat and cab system of truck, there is no reliable theoretical model for the suspensions design at present, which seriously restricts the improvement of ride comfort. In this paper, a 4 degree-of-freedom seat-cab coupled system model was presented; using the mechanism modeling method, its vibration equations were built; then, by the tested cab suspensions excitations and seat acceleration response, its parameters identification mathematical model was established. Combining the tested signals and a simulation model with the parameters identification mathematical model, a new method of hybrid modeling of seat-cab coupled system was presented. With a practical example of seat and cab system, the parameters values were identified and validated by simulation and test. The results show that the model and method proposed are correct and reliable, and lay a good foundation for the optimal design of seat suspension and cab suspensions to improve ride comfort.