可持续发展服务型智慧化公路交通研究

随着我国交通基础建设的日益完善与发展,我国公路交通的布局逐渐形成了以城市为节点,以公路为网线而逐个连接起来的网状式公路交通系统.随着信息化与人口素质等的发展,我国对于城镇智能化的需求日趋明显,因而对于智慧交通的需求也愈发明显.本文通过总结世界道路的发展简史并结合当前信息技术的普及与城镇智能化的提出,科学性地预测出了未来智慧公路的服务走向,并给出了有关未来智慧公路服务模式的合理的发展建议.分析表明,未来的公路交通将智慧性融合人、车、路三方,最终实现智慧一体化的高效率公路交通系统.     

济南市公路网规划研究

以公路交通可持续性发展的思想为指导,通过公路网规划研究,为济南市交通发展科学决策,为济南市公路率先实现现代化,为公路交通与其他相关社会经济事业协调、为济南市"十一五"公路网规划提供参考.     

自然旅游景区群公路交通规划思路

交通对于旅游景区发展具有极其重要的作用。本文通过探讨自然旅游景区的特点,明确自然旅游景区公路交通功能定位,并在此基础上提出旅游景区群公路的规划理念及要求。     

公路交通噪声分析与防治

近年来,公路交通事业的发展,带动了所经地区的经济快速发展,交通运输与经济的发展起到了相互支持、相互推动的作用.随着公路的通车里程、车流量和行驶车速的与日俱增,公路交通噪声污染对沿线居民正常生活、工作、学习、休息环境的干扰程度和范围也随之加剧和扩大.公路交通噪声的污染已逐渐变成沿线居民最为关注的环境污染问题.因此,采取必要的降噪措施,降低交通噪声污染是一个不可忽视并须急待解决的问题.     

浅析青藏高原交通建设与生态环境保护

国家十三五规划中提出要完善现代综合交通运输体系,随着国家战略布局开展和青藏铁路建成运营,青藏高原地区的公路交通建设需求逐年递增。青藏高原地区分布众多野生动植物、许多具有高原特色的自然地貌和特殊的地形地质条件。但由于公路建设规模的不断扩大,公路维修与养护逐渐开展,公路沿线原有的生态系统遭到了破坏,对高原生态环境造成重大影响。因此,运用生态理念,科学进行公路交通建设、合理进行公路养护以及正确的政策导向,对于自然生态环境保护,促进交通事业持续发展意义重大。     

市场经济背景下的公路长远发展研究

公路交通是一个国家最重要的交通形式之一.在市场经济背景下,公路交通需要顺应市场经济的发展需求,适应市场经济的发展形势,真正保障其健康持久地发展.因此做好市场经济的形势分析,以此对公路经济的发展建设做指导,引导正确的公路长远发展方向,是本文的立意所在.     

南宁至友谊关公路再获殊荣——被评为“2014年度公路交通优秀设计一等奖”

<正>日前,中国公路勘察设计协会在昆明召开技术交流会议,颁发了2014年度公路交通优秀勘察设计奖,广西壮族自治区交通勘察设计院申报的《衡阳至昆明国道主干线支线南宁至友谊关公路》项目再获殊荣,被评为"2014年度公路交通优秀设计一等奖"。南宁至友谊关公路(以下简称"南友路")是国家规划"五纵七横"国道主干线衡阳至昆明公路的支线,     

对公路交通与生态文明建设共同和谐发展的思考

青海省是我国经济欠发达、生态环境脆弱且破坏程度较低的地区,经济的发展将带来公路交通的大发展,因此应树立科学的发展观,要从公路网规划、公路设计、施工等方面探索公路交通与生态文明建设的共同和谐发展.     

我国公路主枢纽的属性与政策含义

自20世纪90年代我国公路交通开始实施“五纵七横”国道主干线规划以来，公路建设、特别是高速公路建设，进入加速度发展时期。随着“五纵七横”国道主干线规划路网的相继实施建设，公路主枢纽——这个曾经与国道主干线概念同时提出的交通概念，似乎没有引起足够的重视。公路主枢纽规划的实施大大滞后于国家高速公路规划和建设。另一方面，由于近年现代物流理念在我国的广泛传播，特别是公路运输的市场化程度日益提高，早先提出的公路主枢纽规划功能必须做进一步的分析调整。     

我国交通用地需求预测及对策建议

本文根据交通建设项目用地控制指标,预测2006～2020年新增公路用地需求290万公顷、铁路用地需求26万公顷。我国未来交通用地指标不能满足公路用地需求,对交通建设速度和发展模式产生影响。提出建立健全交通用地统计制度和体系,土地利用规划应该保障合理的交通用地需求,交通发展要加强与土地利用规划的衔接,加强建设土地集约型交通发展模式等建议。     

Joint optimization of freight facility location and pavement infrastructure rehabilitation under network traffic equilibrium

Establishment of industry facilities often induces heavy vehicle traffic that exacerbates congestion and pavement deterioration in the neighboring highway network. While planning facility locations and land use developments, it is important to take into account the routing of freight vehicles, the impact on public traffic, as well as the planning of pavement rehabilitation. This paper presents an integrated facility location model that simultaneously considers traffic routing under congestion and pavement rehabilitation under deterioration. The objective is to minimize the total cost due to facility investment, transportation cost including traffic delay, and pavement life-cycle costs. Building upon analytical results on optimal pavement rehabilitation, the problem is formulated into a bi-level mixed-integer non-linear program (MINLP), with facility location, freight shipment routing and pavement rehabilitation decisions in the upper level and traffic equilibrium in the lower level. This problem is then reformulated into an equivalent single-level MINLP based on Karush–Kuhn–Tucker (KKT) conditions and approximation by piece-wise linear functions. Numerical experiments on hypothetical and empirical network examples are conducted to show performance of the proposed algorithm and to draw managerial insights.     

Long-memory characteristics of urban roadside air quality

Carbon monoxide is a major contributor to air pollution in urban cities, particularly at the roadside. Hourly, monthly and seasonal mean carbon monoxide concentration data are collected from a roadside air monitoring station in Hong Kong over 7-years. The station is a few metres from a major intersection surrounded by tall buildings. In particular, hourly patterns of concentrations on different days of the week are investigated. The data show that hourly carbon monoxide concentrations resemble the traffic pattern of the area and tend to be lower in the summer. Using a seasonal autoregressive integrated moving average models shows that the daily traffic cycle strongly influences concentrations. Further, it is found that urban roadside carbon monoxide monitoring data exhibits a long-memory process, suggesting that a model incorporating long memory and seasonality effects is needed simulate urban roadside air quality.     

A scenario on the evolving road service informatics in Europe

Road Transport Informatics is being developed to improve road transport. Telecommunication links will connect microcomputers in vehicles with roadside beacons and traffic control centers. Drivers can get better information and guidance en route. If these functions are charged as services rather than sold as products, a better traffic can be obtained. This can improve traffic safety, efficiency and the environment.     

The influence of workplace environment on lung function of shopkeepers working near National Highway in Jalgaon: A note

The inferior ambient air quality was observed near highway passing through Jalgaon urban center. Among the pollutants critical level of particulates are observed at the roadside during May 2003 to April 2004. The shopkeepers working at the highway sides are at high risk of exposure to the air pollution caused by heavy highway traffic. The lung function test of the shopkeepers shows significant decrease in forced vital capacity, forced expiratory volume in one second and peak expiratory flow rate. The regular periodic health checkup and use of nose mask will protect the health of shopkeepers working near National Highway passing through Jalgaon urban center.     

Accurate and cost-effective traffic information acquisition using adaptive sampling: Centralized and V2V schemes

The new generation of GPS-based tolling systems allow for a much higher degree of road sensing than has been available up to now. We propose an adaptive sampling scheme to collect accurate real-time traffic information from large-scale implementations of on-board GPS-based devices over a road network. The goal of the system is to minimize the transmission costs over all vehicles while satisfying requirements in the accuracy and timeliness of the traffic information obtained. The system is designed to make use of cellular communication as well as leveraging additional technologies such as roadside units equipped with WiFi and vehicle-to-vehicle (V2V) dedicated short-range communications (DSRC). As opposed to fixed sampling schemes, which transmit at regular intervals, the sampling policy we propose is adaptive to the road network and the importance of the links that the vehicle traverses. Since cellular communications are costly, in the basic centralized scheme, the vehicle is not aware of the road conditions on the network. We extend the scheme to handle non-cellular communications via roadside units and vehicle-to-vehicle (V2V) communication. Under a general traffic model, we prove that our scheme always outperforms the baseline scheme in terms of transmission cost while satisfying accuracy and real-time requirements. Our analytical results are further supported via simulations based on actual road networks for both the centralized and V2V settings.     

Railway traffic disturbance management—An experimental analysis of disturbance complexity,management objectives and limitations in planning horizon

With the increasing traffic volumes in European railway networks and reports on capacity deficiencies that cause reliability problems, the need for efficient disturbance management becomes evident. This paper presents a heuristic approach for railway traffic re-scheduling during disturbances and a performance evaluation for various disturbance settings using data for a large part of the Swedish railway network that currently experiences capacity deficiencies. The significance of applying certain re-scheduling objectives and their correlation with performance measures are also investigated. The analysis shows e.g. that a minimisation of accumulated delays has a tendency to delay more trains than a minimisation of total final delay or total delay costs. An experimental study of how the choice of planning horizon in the re-scheduling process affects the network on longer-term is finally presented. The results indicate that solutions which are good on longer-term can be achieved despite the use of a limited planning horizon. A 60 min long planning horizon was sufficient for the scenarios in the experiments.     

南宁市城市道路建设的影响因素分析

如何科学合理地进行城市道路网建设是目前城市建设的核心问题。文章以南宁市十二五期间城市道路网建设规划为例,介绍了城市道路建设影响因素的类别及内容,分析了交通基础设施建设、重大项目建设、旧城改造、管网建设、外围城镇发展等与城市道路路网建设的相互关系,并通过指标测算确定规划期内道路建设的合理规模。     

公路施工中关键部位的施工技术探讨

公路施工关系到我国交通运输业的发展,而公路中关键部位的施工技术更是关系到我国的公路交通安全,所以一定要保证关键部位施工的安全性和稳定性,促进我国公路施工质量。针对我国公路关键部位的施工,文章提出了关键部位施工所遇到的问题,对关键部位的施工技术进行分析和探讨,希望可以有效的提高我国公路施工质量,促进我国交通运输业的发展。     

Residential moving intentions at highway locations: The trade-off between nuisances and accessibility in the Netherlands

This study investigates how highway nuisances are traded off against accessibility gains and other residential characteristics in the moving intentions of people living near highways. It studies a potential mediating role for residential satisfaction and potential mitigating relationships with highway nuisance perceptions. Structural Equation Modelling was used to test a proposed framework based on survey data collected from 1220 respondents living within 1000 m from a highway in the Netherlands.The results show that higher levels of perceived highway nuisances are associated with increased intentions to move, mediated by lower residential satisfaction. However, better perceived accessibility was not associated with either lower moving intentions or lower highway nuisance perception. Highway usage/interest and other residential characteristics – such as satisfaction with buildings, traffic safety, and amount of greenery – seem to countervail perceived highway nuisances as they reduce moving intentions and reduce highway nuisance perception. Finally, the results show that some groups – for example home owners – were less inclined to move (direct effect), independently of their residential satisfaction.From a practical perspective, a more inclusive perspective on highway planning, which accounts for accessibility and other residential characteristics as potential compensators and mitigators for highway nuisances, would be effective to reduce residential stress which could prevent protest and consequent cost overruns of projects.