柴油—生物柴油混合燃料喷雾特性试验研究

采用高分辨率数码照相机对柴油与柴油—生物柴油混合燃料喷雾特性进行了对比研究。结果表明,随着生物柴油掺混比的增大,燃料黏度增大,喷雾锥角变小,Sauter平均直径增大。与MB24相比,柴油的相对尺寸范围和发散边界较大,因此其Sauter平均直径比MB24混合燃料的略大。由于乙醇的稀释作用,改制油MB24的Sauter平均直径最小,雾化质量明显改善。从喷雾液滴尺寸的数目分布可以看出,所有燃料的曲线峰值均位于14μm处,小颗粒液滴较多。随着生物柴油掺混比的增大,曲线峰值下降,下降趋势均匀平缓,说明燃料黏度的增大将使雾化油滴的尺寸分布渐趋均匀。从液滴尺寸的累积体积分布可以看出,随着生物柴油掺混比的增大,达到某一累积体积的油滴直径增大,说明大颗粒油滴增多。     

柴油喷雾与LPG/柴油混合喷雾的对比研究

以ZH1105W柴油机为模型,采用Jaynes等人提出的雾化液滴尺寸和速度联合数目分布函数,对柴油喷雾和LPG/柴油混合喷雾的燃料液滴尺寸和速度数目分布进行了对比研究;采用液滴蒸发和碰撞模型对液滴尺寸理论数目分布与试验结果进行了对比研究。液滴尺寸和速度联合数目分布的研究结果表明,随着液体喷射速度的增大,液滴尺寸数目分布曲线向小颗粒偏移。随着液滴尺寸的增大,较大颗粒的液滴速度数目分布曲线的峰值先明显增大,到达中等尺寸后又明显减小。由于LPG/柴油混合燃料的闪急沸腾喷雾对燃料液滴具有突爆的加速作用,L30速度分布曲线的峰值速度比柴油的明显增大。累积的液滴尺寸分布和速度数目分布研究表明,由于混合燃料的闪急沸腾喷雾,L30尺寸数目分布曲线峰值相对于柴油向小颗粒方向偏移,L30的峰值大于柴油的峰值。说明L30喷雾所产生的小颗粒液滴多于柴油,雾化质量提高,碳烟排放得以大幅度降低。L30速度分布曲线的峰值比柴油略小一些,且略微向大速度方向偏移。说明与柴油相比,L30燃料较大速度液滴的数目略有增加。液滴蒸发和碰撞模型对于石油液体燃料的研究是可行的,对于液化气体燃料与石油液体燃料的混合燃料的研究,模型还有待于进一步改进。     

柴油机燃用生物柴油的排放特性试验研究

在一台四冲程直喷式柴油机上进行了燃用生物柴油混合燃料的试验研究,分析了掺混不同比例生物柴油时柴油机的燃烧与排放性能.结果表明,与燃用纯柴油相比,燃用生物柴油混合燃料可改善燃烧过程,大幅降低HC、CO的排放,但同时会引起NOx排放量的增大;燃用生物柴油可大幅降低微粒排放,且随柴油中掺混生物柴油比例的增大,降低程度也逐渐增大.     

生物柴油和柴油直喷喷雾特性试验研究

应用单孔喷油器结合高速摄影技术研究了B5生物柴油和京标-10号柴油在不同喷油压力、环境温度和燃油温度条件下的喷雾特性,喷雾参数包括喷雾形态、喷雾贯穿距、喷雾贯穿速度和喷雾锥角.结果表明:两种燃油的喷雾贯穿距随时间几乎呈线性变化,喷射初期喷雾贯穿速度较大,且随着喷油压力的增加喷雾贯穿速度增加;随着时间的推移(油束的发展),喷雾贯穿速度逐渐下降,且较高的喷油压力下,喷雾贯穿速度下降趋势更加明显;在喷油压力和燃油温度相同时,随着环境温度从25℃升高到350℃,喷雾过程中的最大喷雾贯穿速度更大,且120 M Pa喷油压力下,最大喷雾贯穿速度可达400 m/s.在相同条件下,B5生物柴油油束蒸发持续时间较京标-10号柴油更长,表明生物柴油的加入使得B5生物柴油的沸点升高,相同温度下蒸发能力变差.比较相同条件下B5生物柴油和京标-10号柴油喷雾锥角,京标-10号柴油的喷雾锥角略大,这是由于京标-10号柴油黏度较小,液滴间作用力小,使得喷雾锥角增大.     

生物柴油的喷油正时调整特性

在一台四缸涡轮增压柴油机上进行了不同喷油提前角时燃用生物柴油、生物柴油与柴油混合燃料和柴油的动力性、燃料经济性和排放特性对比试验.结果表明,对于BDO和BDG25混合燃料,喷油提前角提前2°时动力性最好;对于BD100燃料,原机的喷油正时动力性最好;随喷油正时提前,3种燃料比能耗减小、碳烟排放减少、NOx排放增大;在高转速时HC和CO排放基本不变.     

酸化油生物柴油碰壁试验研究

为研究酸化油生物柴油作为车用柴油机代用燃料的可行性,对高压容器内酸化油生物柴油的碰壁现象进行了试验研究,分析了碰壁距离和碰壁角度对酸化油生物柴油碰壁过程的影响。试验结果表明：酸化油生物柴油碰壁后油束形态与柴油相似,与柴油相比,酸化油生物柴油的扩散直径和卷吸高度略大;随碰壁入射角的增大,酸化油生物柴油雾注上游半径减小,下游半径增大,卷吸高度变化不大,近壁区油气卷吸运动加强;随着碰壁距离的增加,酸化油生物柴油喷雾体的扩散直径和卷吸高度有所减小,近壁区油气卷吸运动减弱。     

柴油机燃用生物柴油和柴油混合燃料的试验研究

在ZS1100直喷式柴油机上进行了燃用生物柴油和柴油混合燃料与燃用0号柴油的对比试验研究。结果表明,柴油机燃用混合燃料的碳烟排放优于燃用0号柴油,燃油消秏率略高于燃用柴油,最大功率、最大扭矩、怠速稳定性与燃用柴油相当,表明生物柴油是柴油机一种理想的替代燃料。     

柴油掺混二甲醚喷雾粒子尺寸分布特性试验研究

为确定二甲醚掺入柴油后对燃料雾化性能的改善效果,利用阴影成像与数字图像处理技术,对不同掺混比、喷射压力以及喷孔直径等条件下的二甲醚-柴油混合燃料喷雾粒子尺寸分布特性进行了对比试验研究.结果发现:由于柴油中二甲醚的闪急沸腾作用,随着二甲醚掺混比的增加,混合燃料粒子尺寸分布曲线整体向小颗粒方向偏移,较大粒子数目较柴油明显减少,有助于降低发动机炭烟排放;喷孔直径、喷射压力等喷射参数对混合燃料雾化粒子分布有较大影响,减小喷孔直径使燃油粒子更加细化,降低喷射压力则使混合燃料雾化效果有变差的趋势.     

正丁醇-柴油混合燃料喷雾特性的模拟研究

根据喷雾可视化试验的结果,利用三维CFD软件建立了正丁醇柴油喷雾的仿真模型,并验证了模型的准确性。利用该模型研究正丁醇柴油混合燃料的喷雾特性,模拟了喷雾的发展过程,计算了不同掺混比对喷雾贯穿距、液滴索特平均直径、速度场、密度场的影响。结果表明:模拟计算与可视化试验结果基本一致;随着正丁醇掺混比的增加,混合燃料的喷雾贯穿距和索特平均直径均降低,喷雾锥角变大,雾化特性变好。     

柴油-正丁醇混合燃料的宏观喷雾特性试验研究

在高压共轨燃油喷雾试验台上对正丁醇体积掺混比分别为0%,5%,10%和20%的柴油-正丁醇混合燃料的宏观喷雾特性进行了研究。结果表明:在相同共轨压力下,随着背压的增加,喷雾锥角增大,喷雾贯穿距减小;在相同背压下,随着共轨压力的增加,喷雾贯穿距和喷雾锥角均逐渐增大,但当共轨压力增大到110 MPa时,二者不再增大;在相同背压和相同共轨压力下,喷雾贯穿距和喷雾锥角随着正丁醇比例的增加逐渐增大,说明在柴油中混合一定比例的正丁醇可以提高燃料的雾化质量。     

柴油机在高原地区燃用混合燃料的试验研究

在高原地区对1台4100QB—2柴油机燃用生物柴油与柴油不同掺混比的混合燃料进行了台架试验。分析了混合燃料的物性,根据其物性和掺混比计算出当量燃油消耗率。对比分析了柴油机燃用混合燃料的有效热效率、机械效率和负荷特性。试验结果表明,在高原地区,柴油中加入体积比为10%~30%的生物柴油,柴油机的经济性有明显改善。     

重型柴油机燃用不同柴油替代燃料的性能研究

对乖型柴油机燃用纯柴油、体积混合比例为1:9的天然气合成油(GTL柴油)与柴油混合燃料(G10)、体积混合比例为1:9的生物柴油与柴油混合燃料(BD10)、纯GTL柴油(G100)及纯牛物柴油(BD100)5种燃料的动力性、经济性及燃烧特性进行了研究.结果表明,BD10、G10与纯柴油有相似的燃烧特性,额定转速F G100的缸内工作压力增大,BD100的缸内工作压力显著降低;G10油耗较之BD10降低2.43%,功率较之BD10平均高2.78%;与燃用纯柴油的油耗相比,G100平均降低2.62%,BD100平均高出13%;除NOx排放外,生物柴油在降低CO、HC、PM的排放上均有所改善.     

柴油机掺烧生物柴油NO_x和Soot排放控制研究

对柴油机燃用生物柴油-0号柴油混合燃料的NO_x和Soot排放特性进行了仿真研究。在柴油机参数不作任何改变的情况下燃用体积分数分别为10%,20%,30%,40%和50%的生物柴油混合燃料,与原机的NO_x和Soot排放特性进行对比。研究表明:随着混合燃料中生物柴油体积分数的增加,柴油机Soot排放降低,NO_x排放增大。EGR的引入使柴油机NO_x排放降低,同时也使Soot排放增加。在1 800r/min中低负荷工况下,大比例生物柴油-0号柴油混合燃料应用于柴油机时,可通过调节EGR率使得柴油机NO_x和Soot排放都控制到与原机相当。     

Comprehensive experimental study on the effect of biodiesel/diesel blended fuel on common-rail di diesel engine technology

This research work aims to study the aspects of using biodiesel or FAME as a component blended in diesel fuel for common-rail DI engine technology. The specific engine experiments were designed for LD commercial engine [Toyota 2KD-FTV] to understand engine combustion process, engine performance and thermal efficiency when applying FAME blended fuel. In addition, the exhaust emission in HD diesel engine [HINO J08E] was evaluated by standard HD engine emission ESC and ELR test cycles. Furthermore, the severe 400-hour of HD engine durability tests for determining the limitation on using FAME blended fuel, have been conducted with B0, B10, B20 and B50. The result shows that using of FAME blended fuel in the HD common-rail DI engine, can be applied with some guidelines experimentally discovered by this research such as filter plugging that may occur when the content of biodiesel is up to 20 % or higher, and the critical fuel injector surface polishing wear, can be observed from B50 sample. In general, the higher biodiesel content will contribute to lower power output as well, thus too high biodiesel content will cause low engine power output.     

柴油机燃用甲醇——生物柴油混合燃料的性能与排放研究

在186FA柴油机上,进行了燃用柴油、生物柴油和甲醇--生物柴油混合燃料的性能试验,分析了生物柴油掺烧甲醇对柴油机性能的影响规律.试验结果表明:与燃用生物柴油相比,生物柴油掺烧5%和10%(质量比)的甲醇时,柴油机的标定功率分别降低7.4%和17.8%,标定工况时能量消耗率增加5.7%和15.0%,CO排放升高40.0...     

Experimental study of the physical and chemical characteristics of biodiesel blended fuel using ultrasonic energy irradiation

The purpose of this study is to understand the physical and chemical characteristics of biodiesel blended fuel reformed by ultrasonic energy irradiation. To do this, a mixture of commercial diesel fuel and biodiesel was compared and analyzed according to whether or not ultrasonic energy irradiation was performed and the duration of irradiation. The results of the experiments indicate that when ultrasonic energy irradiation was performed on biodiesel blended fuel, its viscosity decreased by 3–7%. In the case of BD20, when ultrasonic energy irradiation was performed, its Sauter mean diameter (SMD) dropped by 12% on average. As the irradiation duration increased, the volume ratio of olefins increased up to a maximum of 2.7%, and the higher heating value increased to a maximum of 5.8%. On the contrary, the ratio of aromatics decreased by a maximum of 2.7%, and BI decreased by a maximum of 7%.     

Experimental investigation of B20 combustion and emissions under various intake conditions for low-temperature combustion

Recently, biodiesel has emerged as an alternative fuel for achieving low-temperature combustion (LTC). Several articles in the literature have showed that oxygenated biofuels, including biodiesel, can improve combustion stability under high exhaust gas recirculation (EGR) operation, which is considered to be necessary for the removal of nitric oxides (NOx). The objective of this study was to investigate the performance and emissions of 20% biodiesel blended diesel fuel (B20) at various intake pressures and oxygen concentration levels to characterize the fuel for LTC application. The experimental investigation of B20 was carried out using a single-cylinder engine (SCE) at 1400 rpm and 50% load condition. A set of critical flow orifices with synthetic EGR was employed to simulate various intake pressures and EGR levels. The behavior of the B20 was first characterized under various intake conditions. The results showed that with high oxygen intake, B20 exhibited combustion and emission levels that were very similar to conventional diesel. However, B20 reduced combustion deterioration while exhibiting lower carbon monoxide (CO) and hydrocarbon (HC) emissions than diesel under low oxygen intake conditions.     

Reaction characteristics of the diesel oxidation catalyst of particulate matters from the diffusion flame of a oiler burner

The objective of this experimental study is to investigate the characteristics of the size distribution and the number concentration of PM (particulate matters) emitted from the diffusion flame of a boiler burner, which has the same type of combustion as a diesel engine. This study is performed to investigate the emission characteristics of nanoparticles generated from diffusion combustion in diesel fuel, and it considered fuel factors and the reaction characteristics of the nanoparticles on the DOC (Diesel oxidation catalyst). The factors examined in this experiment included the sulfur content in the fuel, the blend of the diesel fuel containing biodiesel and bio-ethanol, and the concentration of engine oil (0.1% and 1.0%) blended with diesel fuel. The particle size distribution of the nanoparticles exhausted from the boiler burner was measured by an SMPS (scanning mobility particle sizer). The number concentration of PM that were smaller than 70 nm in diameter greatly increased in the rear of the DOC when fuel containing 250 ppm of sulfur was used. The experiment also suggested that the particle number concentration in both the front and rear of the DOC was lower when ULSD (ultra low sulfur diesel) fuel blended with biodiesel and bio-ethanol, which are oxygenated fuels, was used than when only ULSD fuel was used. The higher the content of engine oil in the fuel, the higher the particle number concentration was in the front and rear of the catalyst. When the first dilution air temperature is increased from 30°C to 180°C, the nanoparticle number concentration dramatically dropped in the rear of the catalyst when fuel containing 250 ppm of sulfur was used, while the particle size distribution remained almost the same when the fuel with engine oil was used.     

生物柴油改善柴油机炭烟和噪声的试验研究

在高原环境(81 kPa)下,4100QBZL增压中冷柴油机分别燃用生物柴油体积分数为0％,10％,30％,100％的4种生物柴油—柴油混合燃料,进行了动力性、炭烟排放和表面辐射噪声的试验研究.结果表明:随着掺烧生物柴油比例的增大,发动机的动力性略有下降,炭烟排放明显降低,排气温度有所下降,表面辐射噪声略有降低.     

柴油机燃用麻疯树油甲酯的氮氧化物排放特性

研究了柴油机燃用麻疯树油甲酯的NOx排放特性。以1台轻型车用直喷式柴油机为试验样机,分别燃用6种不同生物柴油掺混比例的混合燃油,研究总的NOx排放以及NO,NO2,N2O等NOx主要组分的排放特性。结果表明,燃用各种混合燃油的NOx排放曲线形态较为接近,低负荷时差异较小,随负荷增加,排放差异增大。NOx排放以NO和NO2为主,NO排放随着负荷上升而增加,NO在总NOx排放中始终占有最高比例。NO2排放也占有相当比例,在低负荷时较高,随着负荷增大浓度降低,大负荷高温不利于NO2的生成。N2O排放量极低,在中低负荷时有一定生成量,高负荷N2O排放几乎为0,缸内稀燃低温有利于N2O排放的生成。在同一稳定工况下,随生物柴油混合比的提高,NOx,NO,NO2比排放量呈线性增加,N2O比排放量呈线性降低。发动机燃烧生物柴油后,NOx及其组分NO,NO2和N2O的排放量发生改变,而各自的排放变化规律并未发生变化。