How do ocean carriers organize the empty containers reposition activity in the USA?

The routing of empty containers is an unavoidable activity of the intermodal chain. In fact, import containers that arrive at a national port are sent toward a multiplicity of interior destinations. Then the empty containers must return to a port to accomplish an export voyage. The purpose of this paper is to analyse the organizational choice of ocean carriers to reposition their empty containers in the USA. Ocean carriers have four options to relocate their empty containers: the spot organization and the adoption of three different renewable contracts to frame the externalization. How do ocean carriers choose their organization form to relocate their empty containers?     

Foldable container in empty container repositioning in intermodal transportation network of Belt and Road Initiative: strengths and limitations

In 2013, the concept of the ‘Silk Road Economic Belt and the 21st-Century Maritime Silk Road (Belt and Road)’ was initiated by the Chinese government, which involves Asian, European and African continents and their adjacent seas. Logistics plays a core role in such a large framework of economy and trade. In recent years, China, European Union, and Southeast Asia pay much attention to the design and development of the intermodal transportation network towards both economic and environmental efficiency. In this paper, we propose an empty container repositioning model in the intermodal transportation network of Belt and Road (B&R) Initiative by considering both standard and foldable containers. In this model, empty containers are repositioned from the inland of the original area, such as China, to other areas of B&R Initiative related countries and regions, such as European Union and Southeast Asia. We develop a mixed integer linear programming model to determine the optimal repositioning of empty containers via the intermodal transportation network. An Artificial Bee Colony algorithm is developed to solve large size problems in practice and numerical experiments are conducted to show the efficiency of our proposed algorithm. We provide managerial insights regarding the impact on the network performance of foldable containers transportation.     

Rail and multi-modal transport

This paper elaborates on the definitions of inter and multi-modal transport, as well as their differences in terms of performance. A survey of the barriers, both internal and external, to an efficient intermodal transport is included followed by an analysis of the advantages and disadvantages of combining rail transport with the other transport modes. Transhipment technologies for efficient freight service and some examples of freight rail corridors between sea and inland terminals are presented. The integration between air and rail transport is discussed and the potential synergies between air and high-speed rail services are emphasised. The paper concludes with a discussion on energy use for sustainable rail performance.     

From piggyback to double-stack intermodalism

Intermodal transportation has been growing at a fast pace thanks to the development of double-stack trains, deregulation of US domestic transportation and intensified competition in the liner trade. Its growth has been supported by import traffic in the recent past but will have to rely much more on domestic cargo in the future. Effective marketing rather than hardware development will pose the primary challenge to intermodal transportation. To meet this challenge, rail, highway and ocean carriers will have to rethink their business philosophy and realign themselves for more efficient provision of intermodal services. The traditional division between international and domestic intermodal operation has become obsolete.     

Evaluating seaport operation and capacity analysis—preliminary methodology

The marine terminal in general and the container terminal in particular is the physical link between ocean and land modes of transportation. Port capacity is commonly defined as the amount of cargo that can be handled by a port per time period, usually a year. For containers it is the number of processed containers per year, for bulk cargo-tons or pallets per year and for Ro-Ro cargoes-autos per year. As the number of ships and the amount of cargo passing through the port increase, a point is reached at which some elements of the port system are functioning near or beyond their maximum productivity rate. The concept that should direct the terminal capacity analysis is controlled by the terminal activity that determines the lowest capacity rate per unit of time, during one cycle of operation. Four performance measures are introduced in order to establish a recommended methodology that quantifies the port's quality of operation and also functions as a tool for decision makers to justify a required investment. The methodology should become a standard that might turn into a requirement for examining every port's level of service.     

船用柴油机高压共轨系统动态特性研究Ⅱ

从系统层面通过试验与计算相结合的方法开展研究,以改善船用柴油机共轨系统燃油的压力波动,减少各缸喷射过程的互相干扰为目标.对整体式共轨燃油系统开展试验研究,揭示了影响共轨压力波动的主要因素,并指出该系统结构在船用柴油机应用上的局限性.对分布式共轨燃油系统开展仿真分析,并与整体式系统进行比较,研究表明,分布式共轨系统可明显改善系统动态性能,代表了未来船用柴油机共轨系统的发展趋势.     

船用柴油机高压共轨系统动态特性研究Ⅰ

从系统层面通过试验与计算相结合的方法开展研究,以改善船用柴油机共轨系统燃油的压力波动,减少各缸喷射过程的互相干扰为目标.对整体式共轨燃油系统开展试验研究,揭示了影响共轨压力波动的主要因素,并指出该系统结构在船用柴油机应用上的局限性.对分布式共轨燃油系统开展仿真分析,并与整体式系统进行比较,研究表明,分布式共轨系统可明显改善系统动态性能,代表了未来船用柴油机共轨系统的发展趋势.     

集装箱自动化无人堆场研究

介绍了在上海外高桥二期码头,利用上海港规划中的预留堆场6.45万平方米,建造的一个世界一流的全自动、无人化集装箱空箱堆场。该堆场采用具有自主知识产权的高、低架轨道龙门吊与中转平台相结合的接力式集装箱堆场装卸新工艺,结合数字通讯和自动控制技术、三维堆场管理与规划技术,实现对集装箱的高效自动装卸。     

船用集装箱系固用固定件的选择

船用集装箱固定件要与船体材料匹配,并满足一定的强度要求.根据船用系固系统配套产品的不同,固定件结构型式也会不同.因此,固定件实际应用选择时应综合考虑各方面因素.详细介绍了船用集装箱系固装置固定件的结构型式、相关标准、规范及注意事项.     

基于Inmarsat的数字通信软件CemailFax

CemailFax所必须的最低硬件配置为:一台有串口便携式个人电脑,一台Inmarsat终端。软件采用VC 编程实现,通过ADO数据库实现对用户的管理,通过串口编程实现对Inmarsat终端的控制以及数据传输。CemailFax实现了简单易懂的用户界面,实用的单机多用户机制,以及可以与国际同类软件相匹敌的数据传输速率。CemailFax与国际上同类软件相比,创新之处就在于被拨叫Inmarsat地面站可选和它的中文处理能力。     

船载危险货物集装箱开箱检查目标箱选择机制

为提高船载危险货物集装箱开箱检查的准确性和检查效率,该研究借鉴人工查找瞒报谎报危险货物集装箱的成功经验,建立了目标箱评估指标体系,同时,采用神经网络评估方法建立非线性的目标箱评估模型并进行实例验证。     

基于ANSYS的20英尺船用集装箱转运装置的分析与设计

针对船用集装箱短途运输效率低、作业方式粍能高的问题,设计了一种新型集装箱转运装置,该装置具有体积小、重量轻、操控简便、灵活快捷的特点。该装置由转运车、自装卸装置和遥控盒3大部分组成。使用有限元软件对该装置的结构进行了计算、分析和优化,分析了其主要部件的受力形式和应力分布特点,并以实例建模计算的方式验证了其结构形式。这种设计提高了该装置的灵活性和可靠性,也使该装置的整体性能得到了提升。     

大型低速船用智能柴油机燃油共轨喷射系统的建模与动态仿真

以7RT-flex60C船用智能柴油机为仿真对象,基于该型号柴油机燃油共轨喷射系统的结构特点及各组成部件的液力连接关系,建立该系统各部件的数学模型;采用模块化的设计方式搭建燃油共轨喷射系统Matlab/Simulink仿真模型.仿真结果表明,模型具有较好的准确性和动态特性,可用于船用智能柴油机燃油共轨喷射系统的设计、优化及仿真.     

Modelling and optimisation of online container stacking with operational constraints

Container transportation plays a critical role in the global shipping network and container terminals need to improve their operations to increase efficiency. Storage yard of a container terminal is a temporary area where the containers stay until they are shipped to their next destination. We concentrate on increasing the efficiency of the storage yard by developing online stacking policies for each incoming container. An unproductive move of a container, performed to reach another container stored underneath, is called reshuffling. The objective in container stacking problem is to minimise the number of reshuffles, thereby increasing the efficiency of terminal operations. Additional weight-related operational constraints bring additional complexity to the online stacking decisions. We propose a mathematical model for the optimal online assignment of an incoming export, transit, import or empty container. We also propose an optimal online stacking policy and compare it with a random policy through simulation. Additionally, lower bounds for the performance measures are obtained through simulation by relaxing the operational constraints of the problem in a third stacking policy. We present and discuss the computational results in terms of four main performance measures.     

铝热焊接法在洋山深水港区码头钢轨焊接中的应用

铝热焊接法作为钢轨无缝连接方法,具有设备简单、操作方便特点,目前在铁路上应用较广泛,有效地提高列车运行速度。但在港口工程门机钢轨焊接中,采用铝热焊接法的工程实例不多,尤其是大截面的A150钢轨焊接,可参照的实例更少。结合洋山深水港区三期水工码头工程中钢轨焊接施工,介绍铝热焊接法的基本原理,施工工艺流程和控制要点,可供参考。     

放射性废料的运输

More and more low - level radioactive waste is carried by sea, rail and highways. These materials are generated by public uilities, industries, universities and hospitals throughout the world, The waste is transported to available low - level waste disposal sites, primarily by ships in containers designed for transportation of low - level waste. Carriers.     

建设合肥集装箱码头发展内河多式联运

通过对合肥港腹地经济、集装箱运输现状、集装箱生成量、合肥-上海航线价格竞争力的分析，论述了合肥港开展集装箱运输的总体条件、集装箱码头建设的必要性和可行性,为合肥港开展集装箱内支线多式联运和集装箱码头的建设提供依据。     

Optimisation and heuristic approaches for assigning inbound containers to outbound carriers

Due to economical and/or geographical constraints, most of the time overseas containers cannot be directly shipped to their destinations. These containers visit transhipment ports where they are first unloaded and temporarily stored and then loaded onto smaller vessels (feeders) to be transported to their final destinations. The assignment of these containers to outbound vessels necessitates several factors to be taken into account simultaneously. In this paper, we develop a mathematical model to reflect multiple objectives with priorities and to assign these containers to different vessels at the transit container port terminal. Although we solve a single-objective (with the weighted sum of objectives) mathematical model to optimality, we also propose two heuristic approaches to solve this complex problem for a transit agency. The first heuristic is shipment based and has four variants differing in how the opportunity costs of the assignments are calculated. The second greedy heuristic is trip based, where the goal is to maximise the capacity utilisation of the vessels. The heuristics return very promising solutions in ignorable computational times. We also provide real-life cases and present our conclusions.     

适用于江海联运海港自动化集装箱码头的总体布置方案

针对具有驳船小港池的海港集装箱码头的特点,结合自动化集装箱码头建设发展的需要,突破自动化集装箱码头堆场垂直于码头前沿线布置的局限性,创新提出堆场箱区平行于码头前沿线布置的总体自动化集装箱码头方案。引入智能驾驶与卫星导航等技术,采用智能驾驶运输车替代传统集装箱卡车,从而使平面工艺总体方案适用于江海联运吞吐量占比高的运输模式,同时实现港区自动化,降低建设与运营成本,为我国传统集装箱码头的自动化升级改造提供借鉴。