稳定流作用下海底悬跨管线涡激振动研究

讨论了目前用于海底悬跨管线涡激振动预报的主要数值模型,针对海底管线悬跨段涡激振动问题编制了有限元分析程序,程序采用梁单元模拟管跨结构,动力响应计算方法采用VIVANA模型,模型控制方程采用Newton-Raphson迭代算法求解。采用Larsen,Koushan等人(2002)和Larsen,Baarholm等人(2004)给出的两组不同的用于确定升力曲线的参数曲线进行计算,将计算结果与Tsahalis(1984,1987)的模型实验结果进行了比较。结果表明本文的涡激振动模型能够预报间隙比e/D=∞时海底悬跨管线的涡激振动响应;采用Larsen,Koushan等人(2002)参数曲线得到的计算结果与间隙比e/D=∞时的实验结果符合较好,Larsen,Koushan等人(2002)参数曲线较Larsen,Baarholm等人(2004)参数曲线更适合于海底悬跨管线的涡激振动预报。     

海底埋设管线平管起吊运动分析

基于有限元软件OrcaFlex,充分考虑不规则波浪、海流、管土相互作用以及船舶管线耦合运动,建立海底埋设管线平管起吊模型。参考DNV-RP-F110计算埋深管道受到的土壤阻力,依据DNV-RP-C205确定相关水动力系数。通过数值模拟研究分析管线在平管起吊过程中管道的运动响应以及吊绳张力的时间历程变化,为实际海底管线平管起吊提供一定理论参考。     

近壁旋转圆柱流场特性数值模拟分析

[目的]为探讨近壁旋转圆柱尾流及流体力特性,对典型间隙比下旋转圆柱绕流进行研究。[方法]对雷诺数Re=200下3种典型间隙比（G/D=0.2,0.8,1.4）的旋转圆柱绕流展开数值模拟,对比不同间隙比和转速比下的圆柱尾流及流体力特性。[结果]结果显示：当G/D=0.2时,圆柱表面脱涡会受到显著抑制,圆柱表面升阻力无波动;当G/D=0.8和1.4且转速比较低时,会发生“尾流涡”脱落现象,其结构与2S模式相似,升阻力系数呈正弦周期性波动,振幅较小;当正旋转速较大时,圆柱表面无漩涡脱落,形成稳定的D模式尾流（随转速比增大由D+模式变为D-模式）,“尾流涡层”与“壁面涡层”发生分离,“壁面涡”呈现多周期性脱落现象,升阻力系数呈多周期波动,振幅显著增大;当反旋转速较大时,圆柱表面被一层正涡量的涡层包裹,漩涡脱落受到显著抑制,升阻力无波动。[结论]所得结论可为高效流动控制技术发展提供参考。     

3个附属控制杆对立管水动力影响的CFD模拟

针对3个附属控制杆对深海立管的水动力影响问题,应用CFD大涡模拟方法模拟得到Re=1×105时附属控制杆在来流角α、直径比d/D和间距比G/D的不同参数组合下,升力、阻力和斯特劳哈尔数的变化规律以及立管绕流近壁区的流动特征。研究结果表明,附属杆的存在会干扰立管后方流场,引起尾流结构和涡脱落模式的改变,从而造成流体升力、阻力的变化。随着来流角α的增大,α在30°~60°时抑制效果较好,顺流向的阻力和横流向的升力均大幅减小;间距比G/D取0.2~0.3时附属控制管的布置方式对立管所受交变力的抑制效果最为明显。     

复杂地形条件下浮式栈桥运动响应的频域分析

为了研究复杂地形条件下浮式栈桥的运动响应,并探讨波浪圆频率及浪向角等因素对浮式栈桥运动响应的影响。论文利用势流理论及波浪绕射/辐射理论对浮式栈桥所处流场的速度势进行了分析,并对复杂海底地形条件下浮式栈桥的运动特性进行了水池试验和数值模拟研究。基于水动力计算软件AQWA,将复杂海底地形作为一个潜体置于海底,进而考虑其与上部浮体及波浪的水动力干扰,从而建立了海底地形-浮式栈桥-波浪水动力耦合计算模型,模拟计算了浮式栈桥在复杂地形条件下的运动响应,并通过水池试验对数值计算结果进行了验证。结果表明,耦合计算模型能够较为准确地预报复杂地形条件下浮式栈桥的运动响应;复杂海底地形条件下浮式栈桥各桥节的运动响应有较显著的差异,且桥节RAOs随浪向角的变化曲线与平坦海底地形条件下的RAOs曲线有一定差异;浅水环境下海底地形对浮式栈桥运动响应和波浪传播特性的影响不能忽视。     

基于OpenFOAM近岸沙纹床面水动力数值模拟

基于OpenFOAM平台,引入k-ε湍流模型对Navier-Stokes方程进行封闭求解,使用VOF方法追踪自由液面,建立三维数值水槽模型,研究波浪作用下的沙纹床面水动力特性。结果表明,波周期内涡旋结构产生于沙纹背水坡,并逐渐抬升至沙纹峰以上,继而向上游移动,上溯至最远距离后,在下一个波周期影响下转向下游移动直至完全耗散;床面剪切力集中分布在沙纹峰和背水坡处,迎水坡的剪切力波动频率更为剧烈,表明可能存在小尺度涡体,而小涡体的脱落扩散促进了背水坡大尺度涡旋结构的发展;当波浪波高改变时,床面剪切力整体趋势没有明显改变,而大小会随之产生线性变化。     

波浪与开孔沉箱相互作用的CLEAR-VOF数值模拟

文章利用三步有限元方法离散Navier-Stokes方程,并借助CLEAR-VOF方法、大涡模拟方法追踪水体自由表面和模拟湍流效应,建立了二维数值波浪水槽。籍此研究了规则波作用下开孔沉箱的反射率和波浪总水平力,并与物模试验结果和其他学者的数模结果以及工程实例进行了对比,吻合良好,为波浪与开孔沉箱相互作用问题的研究探索了一种新的数值模式。     

规则波作用下方形排柱附近水流特性数值模拟

为研究规则波作用下方形排柱附近流动特性,基于计算流体力学软件FLOW-3D,运用质量源造波方法,离散RNG k-ε方程控制下的雷诺时均Navier-Stokes方程建立无反射三维数值波浪水槽.与物理模型试验结果对比,建立的数值模型性能良好.运用数值计算结果,分析排柱周围自由表面三维运动特征和方形排柱周围速度场与涡量场分...     

绕海底管线悬空段肩部的三维湍流结构的数值研究

用三维有限元方法模拟了恒定来流绕悬空的海底管线与海床相交处,即管线悬空段肩部的三维流动情况.基于管线直径和来流流速的Re数为5×105.应用Smagrinsky亚格子模型来封闭湍流方程.通过对数值研究结果的可视化处理,由涡量幅值的三维等值面可见,绕悬空段肩部在管线上游形成了一条涡管,它的一端绕过半埋于海床的管线段的顶部,另一端延伸至悬空管线上游的海床上;而由对称张量S2+Ω2(S和Ω的分别为速度梯度张量的对称和反对称分量)的特征值定义的涡核可进一步显示三维流动结构的细节.本文的研究为利用数值模型进一步研究海底管线周围局部冲刷沿管线轴向发展打下了初步的基础.     

串列双立管螺旋列板抑制涡激振动的数值模拟

在波浪和洋流的作用下,深水立管两侧会出现周期性的漩涡脱落,这一现象极易引发涡激振动,使得立管出现疲劳损伤,显著降低其服役寿命。同时,当立管间距较近时,还会产生流场干涉效应。为研究立管之间的相互干涉作用及螺旋列板对双立管涡激振动的抑制效果,本文采用大涡模拟(LES)的方法,对Re=3 900均匀来流下的串列双立管的涡激振动响应进行三维数值分析。并针对不同的立管间距(3D,5D,8D,D为立管直径)以及附加螺旋列板的情况,建模分析了立管的水动力系数,并进一步探究了螺旋列板对双立管涡激振动的抑制效果。研究结果表明:对于串列双立管情况,下游立管受到上游立管尾涡和自身漩涡脱落的影响,升力系数幅值较单立管时更大。在3种立管间距工况中,立管间距为3D时下游立管升力系数最大,8D时升阻力系数接近单立管情况。附加螺旋列板能有效抑制双立管涡激振动,双立管升力系数明显减小,从而减少了立管的振幅响应。附加螺旋列板双立管之间的相互作用与光滑双立管之间的相互作用总体趋势相似。并且由于列板的分流作用,彻底破坏了立管的脱涡方式,在立管后形成了间距很小,近乎平行的尾涡。     

海底管道悬跨段的近壁圆柱绕流分析

海底管道靠近海床表面处受海流冲刷,管道与海床表面产生一定间隙,该间隙与管道直径的比值定义为间隙比。通过数值模拟和物理模型试验,研究间隙比对管道绕流的水动力特性的影响。物理模型试验中,六分力天平测得管道的阻力和升力,数值模拟研究管道尾流流态和旋涡发放频率。结果表明:间隙比低于某临界值时,海床的存在阻碍了剪切层与层外流动间的相互作用,抑制层内涡量的传递,下游旋涡得不到充分发展,发放频率有所降低;海床壁面加剧管道两侧压力分布不均匀,压力差增加,因而管道阻力和升力增大;间隙比高于某临界值时,海床的抑制作用逐渐削弱,旋涡脱落趋于规则,海床未对绕流产生较大影响,管道受力随之趋于稳定。该研究可为海流冲刷引起的海底管道悬跨现象的安全设计提供理论指导。     

潜艇操纵性水动力数值计算中湍流模式的比较与运用

湍流模式的选取对潜艇操纵性水动力数值计算精度有着重要影响,采用六种湍流模式计算了SUBOFF主艇体及主艇体加指挥室围壳两种模型在一定漂角范围内的潜艇操纵性水动力,并与试验值进行了比较,结果表明SSTk-ω模型更为适合潜艇操纵性水动力计算。在此基础上对SUBOFF全附体模型在一定漂角和攻角范围内的艇体水动力进行预报计算,并对该计算方法应用于潜艇操纵性水动力预报计算的计算精度与适用范围进行了探讨。     

潜艇近海底运动水动力数值计算分析研究

本文以SUBOFF潜艇模型为研究对象,利用FLUENT6.1软件,数值模拟了无限水域下的变攻角水动力特性曲线,与泰勒水池的模型试验结果比较分析表明,数值模拟具有较好的精度.本文用FLUENT6.1软件进一步计算分析了SUBOFF潜艇模型带攻角、带漂角、不同近底距离直航状态下的水动力特性,结果表明:无论有无攻角和漂角存在,潜艇运动(除阻力外)的五个水动力分量随近底距离的变化与"近底距离倒数平方"呈良好的线性关系,例如,Z(H)∝1/H2,或Z′(ζ)∝ζ2,其中ζ=D/H为无量纲近底参数.     

Numerical simulation of piggyback pipelaying under current loadings

For piggyback pipelaying operations, current-induced force and its effect on the piggyback pipe have not been thoroughly studied. In the present study, an improved method in hydrodynamic load calculation and structural modelling is proposed to simulate the pipelaying of a piggyback pipeline. In order to obtain the mean drag and lift force coefficients for the piggyback pipeline subjected to different inflow angles, two-dimensional Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) simulations are performed by modelling the piggyback pipeline as two cylinders attached to each other without gap. Then, the acquired force coefficients are used to calculate the hydrodynamic loads through a user-defined function in OrcaFlex based on a cross-flow principle approach. The interaction between the pipeline and the piggyback cable is modelled using two types contact elements which are ring penetrator and non-penetrating contact. The present proposed method is compared with other two widely used engineering methods based on (1) the equivalent diameter and (2) two separate cylinders without accounting for hydrodynamic interaction, in terms of the top tension, and the bending moments at Hang-off Clamps (HOC) and sagbend of the pipeline. The comparison shows that the two widely used engineering methods are not always conservative in force and response predictions. Hence, it is important to consider the hydrodynamic and structural interactions between the piggyback cable and the pipeline. With different current directions, the bending moments at the HOC predicted by the present method vary from 40% lower to 100% higher than those predicted by the two widely used engineering methods.     

Vortex-induced vibrations of piggyback pipelines near the horizontal plane wall in the upper transition regime

Slender subsea structures like pipelines, jumpers and umbilicals when exposed to currents may experience vortex-induced vibrations (VIV), which can shorten their fatigue life and increase the risk of structural failure. In the present study, flow around different configurations of a piggyback pipeline close to a flat seabed has been investigated using the two-dimensional (2D) Unsteady Reynolds-Averaged Navier Stokes (URANS) equations with the k − ω Shear Stress Transport (SST) turbulence model. The Reynolds number (based on the free stream velocity and large cylinder diameter) is equal 3.6 × 10⁶ corresponding to upper-transition regime. The drag forces acting on the cylinders and base pressure coefficient value are well predicted by the present simulations, while the other hydrodynamic quantities (root-mean-square lift coefficient, Strouhal number) are predicted reasonably well as compared to published experimental data. The piggyback pipeline in the present study is modeled as two circular cylinders with a diameter ratio d/D = 0.2 (D denoting diameter of the large cylinder, d is diameter of the small cylinder). These two cylinders are clamped together at a distance G/D = 0.2. The two rigidly coupled cylinders are elastically supported and free to vibrate in two degrees of freedom. The effects on the vibration amplitudes and hydrodynamic forces are analyzed. The flow structures around the cylinders are investigated to explain the variations in observed structural responses. Depending on the angular position (α) of the small cylinder, the lock-in regime is narrower (α = 0°) or significantly wider (α = 180°) when compared to that of a single cylinder.     

Numerical analysis of surface piercing propeller in unsteady conditions and cupped effect on ventilation pattern of blade cross-section

The aim of this study is to calculate hydrodynamic performance and ventilation flow around wedge, 2D blade and 3D surface piercing propeller (SPP), using computational fluid dynamic based on Reynolds-averaged Navier–Stokes method. First, numerical analyses for two-phase fluid flow around the wedge and 2D blade section (cupped and non-cupped) are presented. Flow ventilation, pressure distribution and forces are determined and compared with experimental data. Then, the method is extended to predict the hydrodynamic performance of propeller SPP-841B. The propeller exhibits a cupped blade. In the simulated configuration, SPP is one-third submerged (I = h/D = 0.33) and is working at various loadings with full ventilation occurring at low advance coefficient (J). The open water performance, pressure distribution, forces/moments and ventilation pattern on the SPP-841B model are obtained and compared with experimental data. The numerical results are in good agreement with experimental measurements, especially at high advance coefficient.     

Numerical and experimental study of submerged supple nets: Applications to fish farms

Our aim is to investigate the behavior of submerged supple nets. This work generates many problems owing to the discontinuous and highly flexible nature of the nets. Only the action of external forces can bring an infinitely flexible structure like a net into a definite shape. When considering supple nets immersed in a fluid, these external forces themselves depend on the net geometry. A numerical method to solve this fluid-structure coupling problem is proposed, and is applied to fish farms. In order to validate the calculation model of the hydrodynamic forces on the mesh sides, we measured the hydrodynamic forces on a plane panel of netting spread across a transverse current. We thus proved that the Landweber model modified according to the Richtmeyer formula as regards friction gives good results. The calculated shape of the fixed net cage is qualitatively in accordance with flume tank observations. We have adapted the algorithm to the study of the dynamic behavior of floating fish farms.     

海上浮式结构物的水动力仿真研究

基于粘性计算流体力学的方法建立三维数值波浪水池,模拟有限振幅波的传播,并计算三维球体在规则波环境下所受的波浪力。采用两相不可压的RANS方程求解非定常不可压缩粘性流体,并采用流体体积函数(VOF)法对自由面进行动态模拟。通过编写用户自定义函数(UDF)设置边界入口速度和波高,实现在波浪水池尾部1~2倍波长区域消波,最终求出有限振幅波的模拟结果以及规则波中三维球体所受的波浪力,该结果与势流理论边界元法得到的结果在趋势上吻合良好。该研究方法为模拟分析其他海洋结构物在波浪中的水动力奠定基础,丰富与扩展了数值波浪水池的应用。     

波浪作用下斜坡上护面块体应力分布的数值模拟

文章基于SPH方法和FEM/DEM方法建立了SPH-FEM/DEM的二维流固耦合数值模型,模拟了在波浪荷载作用下斜坡上的护面块体内部的应力分布。结构物的水动力条件采用SPH方法模拟,结构物边界采用虚粒子模拟,护面块体结构的受力、运动和变形采用FEM/DEM方法模拟。不同块体间的接触力采用基于势函数的罚函数法来计算,采用中心差分的显式方法来求解有限元单元的变形。应用ANSYS软件和数值模型对静水压力作用下的混凝土方块的内部应力分布进行了比较模拟分析,验证了所建立的耦合数学模型。通过数值计算给出了波浪作用下位于斜坡上的护面块体的动水压力和块体内部的应力分布,讨论了块体内不同角点位置处的应力变化特性。