Random Response of Tractor-Semitrailer System

SUMMARY

This work describes an analytical study of the dynamic behaviour of a tractor-semitrailer vehicle. A digital computer simulation was used to describe the longitudinal, vertical, and pitching motions of the vehicle travelling over a stationary random road surface. A man-seat model was also incorporated into the simulation. Vehicle response to road irregularities has been studied by assuming two different roads for loaded and unloaded cases.

Numerical results are presented for vehicle, showing system eigenvalues, power spectral densities and root mean square values of the linear and angular accelerations and displacements. Vehicle acceleration response is compared with the ISO riding comfort standard. All results for the loaded and unloaded cases and for smooth and rough roads indicated that an uncomfortable ride would result from vehicle response.     

Road profile input estimation in vehicle dynamics simulation

Vehicle motion simulation accuracy, such as in accident reconstruction or vehicle controllability analysis on real roads, can be obtained only if valid road profile and tire-road friction models are available. Regarding road profiles, a new method based on sliding mode observers has been developed and is compared with two inertial methods. Experimental results are shown and discussed to evaluate the robustness of our approach.     

基于车辆稳定性的改扩建高速公路横坡方案安全性评价研究

针对改扩建高速公路单侧加宽方案老路利用时可能存在的行车稳定性问题,应用基于车辆动力学的建模仿真方法,采用联合仿真技术,在Carsim/Trucksim仿真软件中得到车辆在横坡组合路段行驶过程中车轮的垂直载荷与车辆侧向加速度;在Simulink中计算车辆的横向载荷转移率和侧向加速度;通过上述指标分析车辆横向侧翻和侧滑稳定性,判断车辆在改扩建公路横坡组合路段上的行驶稳定性;联合仿真结果表明,车辆在横向坡度为2%和1.5%、换道路长为120 m和80 m的横坡组合路段上行驶均具有良好的横向稳定性;该方法可用于其他道路和驾驶行为的车辆稳定性分析.      

Numerical Simulation of Vehicle Behavior during Straight Line Keeping on Undulating Road Surfaces

Numerical design of vehicles having optimal straight line stability on undulating road surfaces requires an accurate vehicle model based on knowledge of the relevant phenomena. Therefore, vehicle behavior on undulating straight roads has been analyzed and modeled. Measurements on a flat road surface have shown that the dedicated vehicle model yields accurate simulation results of the steering response to medium steering wheel angle inputs. In addition, the model has been validated by measuring two vehicle responses during normal driving on an undulating straight road: viz. the responses to the small steering wheel angle input and to the input by the global inclination of the road surface.     

Slope Shift Strategy for Automatic Transmission Vehicles Based on the Road Gradient

Motivated by the development of high-precision digital maps for advanced driver assistance system (ADAS) in recent years, this study provides a new approach to solve the problems of the conventional automatic transmission vehicle travelling on sloping roads. Based on vehicle dynamics, shift problems on hilly roads are analyzed. A novel intelligent shift strategy is proposed, which consists of a dynamic shift schedule for the uphill, a safety shift schedule for the downhill, and a comprehensive economical shift schedule for the gentle slopes. A set of driver-in-loop co-simulation tests was conducted in a driving simulator that is equipped with a MATLAB/Simulink dynamics simulation platform. The test results verified the effectiveness of the new intelligent shift strategy. With the road information provided by a high-precision digital map, busy shifting can be eliminated, and improved dynamic performance can be achieved for a vehicle travelling on the uphill roads; undesired upshift can be prevented, and engine traction resistance can be used to relieve the load of braking system when a vehicle travelling on the downhill roads; also, fuel consumption can be reduced for a vehicle travelling on a gently sloped road. Consequently, this novel intelligent shift strategy offers a reliable and effective solution for improving a vehicle’s driving performance on a hilly road.     

Numerical Simulation of Vehicle Behavior during Straight Line Keeping on Undulating Road Surfaces

SUMMARY

Numerical design of vehicles having optimal straight line stability on undulating road surfaces requires an accurate vehicle model based on knowledge of the relevant phenomena. Therefore, vehicle behavior on undulating straight roads has been analyzed and modeled. Measurements on a flat road surface have shown that the dedicated vehicle model yields accurate simulation results of the steering response to medium steering wheel angle inputs. In addition, the model has been validated by measuring two vehicle responses during normal driving on an undulating straight road: viz. the responses to the small steering wheel angle input and to the input by the global inclination of the road surface.     

基于虚拟路面的整车路噪轮胎参数相关性研究

为了在设计阶段保证整车的NVH性能,通过搭建虚拟路面仿真平台探究轮胎关键物理参数对于整车路面振动噪声的影响规律。结合实车采集的试验场NVH路面PSD、高精度物理轮胎CDTire模型以及整车声固耦合模型,建立完整的整车路噪仿真环境。通过某款SUV的仿真结果表明,不同款轮胎及同款轮胎不同批次对整车路面振动噪声有直接的影响。虚拟路面方法可以在整车开发早期甄别出在车辆噪声中起主导作用的频率段,从而排查明显的NVH设计缺陷,同时,可以为车型NVH正向开发提供轮胎选型依据。     

Design of Regenerative Anti-Lock Braking System Controller for 4 In-Wheel-Motor Drive Electric Vehicle with Road Surface Estimation

This paper presents a regenerative anti-lock braking system control method with road detection capability. The aim of the proposed methodology is to improve electric vehicle safety and energy economy during braking maneuvers. Vehicle body longitudinal deceleration is used to estimate a road surface. Based on the estimation results, the controller generates an appropriate braking torque to keep an optimal for various road surfaces wheel slip and to regenerate for a given motor the maximum possible amount of energy during vehicle deceleration. A fuzzy logic controller is applied to fulfill the task. The control method is tested on a four in-wheel-motor drive sport utility electric vehicle model. The model is constructed and parametrized according to the specifications provided by the vehicle manufacturer. The simulation results conducted on different road surfaces, including dry, wet and icy, are introduced.     

城市机动车污染物排放总量调查

利用先进的GPS技术调查了宁波市不同道路汽车行驶工况,分析了城市机动车排放污染的状况及影响因素,重点讨论了机动车车型和汽车城市道路运行工况对机动车排放污染物的影响。对宁波市主要道路机动车流量进行了连续12h测量,并根据行驶工况和流量调查估算了宁波城市道路污染物排放总量。     

基于整车模型的车-路耦合作用仿真分析

为研究车‐路系统耦合作用下汽车行驶平顺性,运用车辆动力学仿真软件CarSim建立整车模型,并采用傅里叶逆变换法对 GB7031中规定的A~D级路面进行数值仿真与验证,分析了车辆以不同速度行驶在不同等级路面上的加速度和车轮法向动载系数。结果表明:①随着路面等级的降低和车辆行驶速度的提高,车身加速度显著增大,由50 km/h、A级路面上的0.2599 m/s2变化为120 km/h、D级路面上的1.6889m/s2,增加了5.5倍,车辆行驶平顺性下降;②车‐路耦合产生的动载作用受路面工况和车速的影响也较大,由50 km/h、A级路面上的0.0833变化为120 km/h、D级路面上的0.7754,增大8.3倍。路面等级越低,车速越高,动载系数越大,对路面的破坏作用越严重。      

汽车试验场搓板路强化系数的研究

通过对试验车辆的疲劳寿命估算,利用道路强化系数计算方法,研究汽车试验场搓板路强化系数,为汽车可靠性强化道路试验规范的制定、验证和优化提供依据。采用有限元动态仿真技术模拟汽车在试验场搓板路的试验过程,仿真与试验结果进行对比验证,对应的特征参数基本一致。利用有限元仿真的结果对样车关键部件进行疲劳寿命分析和预测,求取试验场搓板路面的强化系数,并得到搓板路强化曲线。研究的结果应用于指导汽车路试规范的准确制定,减少试验的盲目性,增强试验的可信度,缩短研发周期和试验成本。     

Roadway Elevation Profile Generation for Vehicle Simulation

With a simplified approach for creating road surface elevation information for simulation of vehicle vertical response to roadway unevenness, roadways for single and parallel track simulations and averaged roads for variable velocity simulation are developed. Sets of correctly chosen random roadway slopes are averaged appropriately for the variable velocity simulation. The procedure generates approximately “white” slope spectral density roadways in the frequency ranges of interest, and the elevation profiles are representative of average road profiles. The method is simple in practice yet suffices for many parameter studies of suspensions and vehicle dynamics.     

基于事故特征耦合影响的城市道路交通事故影响分析

城市道路交通事故发生后,由于事故车辆占用车道,使得车辆通行的车道数目减少,道路的通行能力降低,造成排队和交通拥堵,对交通运行产生一定的影响。以双向6车道的城市道路为例,运用Vissim仿真软件模拟交通事故下的交通运行,分析车流量、占道类型、事故持续时间以及借道超车4种因素下的交通影响。结果表明,流量越大、事故持续时间越长、占道数目越多,事故对交通的影响越大。当流量达到3 400 veh/h（D级服务水平）,占1个车道的车辆延误显著增加,直至流量达到4 000 veh/h时才逐渐趋于平稳,且占据车道2比占据车道1和占据车道3的延误要大;当流量达到1 900 veh/h（B级服务水平）,占2条车道的车辆延误显著增加直至流量达到2 700 veh/h时才逐渐趋于平稳,占据车道1和3的车辆延误要小于占据车道1和2以及占据车道2和3的延误;在相同占道情况下,不同事故持续时间下的车辆延误随流量变化的趋势大体是一致的;当事故道路服务水平为D/E/F级,对向道路服务水平在A/B/C/D级时（事故占用内侧1个车道）,以及当对向道路服务水平在A/B/C级时（事故占据内侧2个车道）,进行借道超车均能有效减少事故路段车辆延误。      

Roadway Elevation Profile Generation for Vehicle Simulation

SUMMARY

With a simplified approach for creating road surface elevation information for simulation of vehicle vertical response to roadway unevenness, roadways for single and parallel track simulations and averaged roads for variable velocity simulation are developed. Sets of correctly chosen random roadway slopes are averaged appropriately for the variable velocity simulation. The procedure generates approximately “white” slope spectral density roadways in the frequency ranges of interest, and the elevation profiles are representative of average road profiles. The method is simple in practice yet suffices for many parameter studies of suspensions and vehicle dynamics.     

基于整车模型的车身开口对角变形动态仿真研究

文章利用虚拟试验:(Virtual Proving Ground,简称VPG)提取的路谱载荷,基于整车模型系统研究了车型1(轿车),车型2(跨界SUV),车型3(中大型SUV)三种典型车型在动载荷激励下车身开口对角相对变形情况,并将动态法计算结果与静态工况分析结果进行了对比。研究结果表明:车型1在比利时路面和共振路面工况下车身开口对角变形量相对较大;基于虚拟路面动载荷激励法与车辆实际服役工况更接近,计算的开口对角变形量远大于静态工况的计算结果;模态贡献量分析显示对车型1,2,3后背门处车身开口对角变形影响最大的模态频率分别是14.49Hz,20.48Hz,21.51Hz,模态贡献量分析结果可为进一步结构优化和性能提升提供参考依据。     

混合动力汽车行驶工况的仿真分析

汽车的实际行驶条件对汽车性能具有直接影响。对于混合动力汽车,其部件的选型以及控制策略的制定都与道路行驶工况密切相关文章对汽车行驶工况做了相应的分析．利用GT—DRIVE软件对某微型混合动力汽车进行了建模与仿真仿真结果表明,在经济性方面混合动力汽车比传统汽车有明显的优势．如何更好地分配混合动力汽车功率将是混合动力汽车研究的重点.     

基于安全车速的北京冬奥会山地道路冰雪路面通行能力研究

复杂山地线形和道路冰雪路面结合条件下的安全车速设置及通行能力保障是交通管理面临的新挑战。针对北京冬奥会延庆赛区复杂山地道路冰雪路面场景，建立了安全车速与道路线形设计及路面附着系数之间的关系，以安全车速为依据得到了不同路面条件下山地道路的通行能力。依据道路平曲线、竖曲线和横断面数据建立了山地道路三维空间模型；分析了车辆在山地道路平纵组合路段的受力情况，构建了车辆安全行驶速度与圆曲线半径、道路超高、纵坡坡度和路面附着系数的关系模型，并分析了基于安全车速模型的道路通行能力。为了验证模型，选取2种常见的冰雪路面状况和2种常用的车辆类型，获得不同条件下山地道路冰雪路面的安全车速。采用VISSIM软件设计了20种仿真场景，结合道路实测数据验证了安全车速模型的对山地道路冰雪路面车辆安全行驶的提升作用。实测与结果表明:相比全程单一限速模型，所建立的安全车速模型在冰膜路面的行程时间缩短了约38%（小汽车）和32%（大客车），雪板路面的行程时间缩短了约26%（小汽车）和24%（大客车）。山地道路交通流量存在1个自由流到饱和流的相变过程，冰膜路面小汽车下行最大交通量为241辆/h（单向行驶）和231辆/h（双向行驶），大客车下行最大交通量为227辆/h（单向行驶）和222辆/h（双向行驶）；雪板路面小汽车下行最大交通量为319辆/h（单向行驶）和249辆/h（双向行驶），大客车下行最大交通量为301辆/h（单向行驶）和236辆/h（双向行驶）。      

基于自适应模糊PID控制的ABS仿真研究

在Matlab/Simulink中建立一种两轮的汽车动力模型,以自适应模糊PID和道路识别控制器作为控制模块,通过在高低附着路面和高低附着对接路面进行紧急制动仿真的研究。仿真结果表明道路识别控制器能够快速准确的识别路面不同附着路面最优滑移率,自适应模糊PID控制的ABS相于常规制动性能有了很大程度的提高,具有在线自整定参数的特点,具有很好的稳定性、适应性和鲁棒性。     

基于无限长梁模型的车路振动耦合系统半解析解

针对无限长道路与车辆耦合系统响应计算复杂难题,考虑地基的弹性特性与道路不平度,建立基于无限长欧拉-伯努利梁模型的车路振动耦合系统。进而以车辆为参考点建立移动坐标系,提出通过积分变换推导耦合系统振动响应解析解的方法,并应用留数定理对其进行数值计算,获得车辆垂向位移、加速度、路面振动响应等系统响应的半解析解。与传统应用模态叠加法的有限长道路与车辆耦合响应相比,具有更高的计算效率与精度,系统参数化研究也证明了该半解析解的有效性。     

视觉导航智能小车自主驾驶控制方法研究

智能车路系统通过提高单车控制智能化水平以及与交通环境之间的信息交互能力,实现车辆自主驾驶以及列队控制,从而解决日趋严重的交通问题。在智能车路系统中单车的智能控制是基础,利用模型车、无线通信网络和1/10道路沙盘模型等手段构建车路协调下的视觉导航智能小车实验平台。在建立智能小车运动模型基础上,提出视觉导航智能小车自主驾驶控制策略;通过实验分析,验证了该控制策略的准确性和可靠性。