38000 DWT散货船货舱段结构强度有限元分析

以38000 DWT散货船为研究对象,采用通用有限元计算软件FEMAP建立货舱段结构有限元模型.使用VERISTAR后处理软件,按照BV船级社规范,进行了舱段结构强度有限元计算分析.在对主要构件进行直接计算和强度评估的基础上,还对主要热点进行了细化计算,保证了该船的强度安全,并对构件尺寸进行了优化.     

大型矿砂船货舱段结构强度的有限元分析

大型矿砂船(VLOC)具有船体尺度大、载荷高等特点,对高应力区可能产生应力集中的重要结构构件、节点必须进行三维有限元强度计算分析。以250000 DWT大型矿砂船为研究对象,采用通用软件MSC/PATRAN建立舱段结构有限元模型,按照ABS船级社规范,使用SAFEHULL软件,实现了舱段结构强度的有限元计算分析,对货舱段主要构件进行了直接强度评估,保证了大型矿砂船船体结构的强度安全。     

散货船舯剖面纵向构件结构优化设计

本文根据中国船级社《钢质海船入级与建造规范》要求并满足船舶结构强度和稳定性条件，采用分级优化方法，开发了散货船舯剖面纵向构件结构优化设计程序，并以１２０００吨江海直达散货船作为实例进行舯剖面的结构优化设计，获得了较好的效果，船体舯剖面纵向构件重量减少６．７％。最后，分别对原型船和优化船的总纵弯曲进行有限元分析，计算结果表明：原型船与优化船两者的总纵弯曲应力水平基本一致。     

150 000 DWT油船中剖面结构优化

本文针对我国自行开发研制的１５００００ＤＷＴ苏伊士最大型原油船，按专家经验和结构优化相结合的原则，采用分级优化技术，进行中剖面结构的纵向构件和横向构件进行了优化，迅速获得较优而实用的中剖面结构。     

型钢混凝土结构在水工建筑物中的应用

以扩建工程中工作船码头靠船构件为例，介绍型钢混凝土结构码头靠船构件设计中的应用及结构特点。     

400 000 DWT矿砂船直接波浪载荷与全船有限元强度分析

超大型矿砂船由于船体结构的特殊性和船体本身的超大型化,船体强度用常规规范中的梁理论方法或舱段有限元计算校核很难涵盖船体的所有构件.以400 000 DWT超大型矿砂船为例,简单介绍了进行全船有限元分析过程中波浪载荷的选取、模型的建立以及加载、分析的全过程,对正确进行超大型矿砂船全船结构强度直接计算具有积极指导作用.     

118m甲板运输船横向强度分析

以118 m箱型甲板运输船为研究对象,参照CCS(中国船级社)规范对该船货舱段的构件进行横向强度评估。经过建模、加载、计算,得到该甲板货船货舱段主要构件强度均满足规范要求,校核过程对同类型船的横向强度校核具有一定的借鉴意义。     

87000t散货船结构强度直接计算

根据散货船共同结构规范的要求,对87000t散货船进行了直接强度计算的研究。论述了该船的计算过程,以重压载舱为例,按规范计算得到结构尺寸,建立舱段有限元模型,进行直接计算,对计算结果中不满足要求的构件进行修改,最终得到满足规范要求的构件尺寸。     

大水位差地区高桩梁板码头靠船构件的结构型式

以长江中下游高桩梁板码头靠船构件为例，简述八十年代以来，大水位差的内河港口码头由钢立柱靠船构件到钢钢靠船桩靠船结构，直至目前采用的浮式靠船设施的发展历程，及各靠船设施的结构特点。     

大型起吊船液压起吊扒杆的优化设计研究

大型起吊船在起吊货物时负荷很大,液压扒杆结构是将起吊货物载荷传递到船体结构的最重要构件之一.本文以二次规划的准解析法优化理论为手段,在考虑风载、横纵倾、惯性载荷作用下优化了液压扒杆结构,使优化后的结构满足强度与稳定性要求.     

矿砂船船体强度与稳定性分析

对矿砂船船体主要结构进行有限元分析,得出在舱段内货物压力、舷外水压力、波浪压力作用下船体主要结构的结构响应,计算和分析结果表明船体主要结构满足强度与稳定性要求。     

Effect of pitting corrosion on local strength of hold frames of bulk carriers (1st report)

Firstly, pitting corrosion observed on hold frames in way of cargo holds of bulk carriers which exclusively carry coal and iron ore has been investigated in detail. It was shown that the shape of the corrosion pits observed on them is a circular cone and the ratio of the diameter to the depth is in the range between 8 to 1 and 10 to 1, which is different from the trend observed for the bottom shell of the oil tanker where the ratio is in the range between 4 to 1 and 6 to1.Secondly, a series of tensile tests has been conducted to investigate the effect of pitting corrosion on tensile strength of members. It was pointed out that the tensile strength decreases gradually and the total elongation decreases drastically with the increase of the thickness loss due to pitting corrosion. The reduction of the tensile strength of the members with pitting corrosion is larger than that of members with uniform thickness loss in terms of average thickness loss.Thirdly, a series of compressive buckling tests has been performed to examine the influence of pitting corrosion on buckling behavior of members. It was found that compressive buckling strength of pitted members is smaller than or equal to that of members with uniform thickness loss in terms of average thickness loss.Finally, an elasto-plastic analysis by FEM has been carried out to simulate the compressive buckling test in order to validate the method of modeling members with pitting corrosion. An attempt has been made to simulate the compressive buckling behavior of pitted members using shell elements of which meshing size is almost the same as the original thickness of the pitted plate.     

上海液化天然气码头高性能混凝土配制与施工技术

为满足上海液化天然气码头高性能混凝土的设计要求,通过优选高效减水剂、硅酸盐水泥和矿物掺合料,配制出了用于不同尺寸构件的高性能混凝土.单掺矿粉的高性能混凝土应用于一般尺寸构件,复掺矿粉和粉煤灰的高性能混凝土应用于平台大体积高性能混凝土.采用预拌胶凝材料和有关技术规程进行高性能混凝土的施工,并采取措施有效控制平台大体积混凝土的温升.工程应用情况表明,高性能混凝土的抗压强度和耐久性指标满足设计要求.工程现场勘察表明,单掺矿粉的高性能混凝土构件表面平整光滑;复掺矿粉和粉煤灰有效地降低了工作平台大体积高性能混凝土的绝热温升,表面无裂缝出现.     

旧高桩码头基桩承载力的计算与测试

首先采用ANSYS软件对某高桩码头的原构件及基桩承载力进行有限元分析;然后模拟试验预定的加载步骤分多次施加荷载,获得了相应荷载作用下码头试验段各构件的内力及群桩中的单桩承载力;最后在码头结构上进行加载试验,测出相应的内力及单桩承载力,并与计算结果进行了比较,结果表明,采用计算与测试相结合的方法能较准确地评估码头各构件及群桩的承载能力。     

钢筋混凝土偏压构件偏心矩增大系数计算方法探讨

由于我国不同时期不同规范对钢筋混凝土偏压构件偏心距增大系数采用的计算公式不同．导致相关设计人员对不同的偏心矩增大系数计算公式在理解上产生了一定的困难。为了明确钢筋混凝土偏压构件偏心矩增大系数概念，理解不同计算公式的含义和本质，探讨了用临界力和极限曲率来表示偏压构件偏心矩增大系数计算公式的原理，结果表明两者的本质是一致的。     

Experimental and numerical study of localized pitting effect on compressive behavior of tubular members

Locally pitted tubular members are usually considered as stub columns to assess the ultimate strength. However, it is not suitable for those with relatively larger slenderness ratios as their failure behavior is more complex and closely related to corrosion features of localized pitting. This paper presents compressive column tests on locally pitted tubular members of a moderate slenderness ratio. Corrosion pits were artificially introduced on local surface of the members, forming corrosion patches with various corrosion features. A numerical modelling method was proposed to reproduce the test specimens. Localized pitting damage was proven to cause substantial declines in the load deformation capacity and ultimate strength, and have a significant effect on the failure mode. The failure of a pitted member is mostly initiated by local buckling after yielding occurs in the corrosion patch, concurrent with pitting closure, and even shear cracking of member wall due to the perforated pits. Moreover, shape change of the corrosion patch most likely results in the failure mode to alter from column buckling to local buckling or interactive buckling. The shape ratio of the corrosion patch is one of the critical factor to influence the ultimate strength of locally pitted members. The proposed modelling method is applicable for extensive stochastic simulations so as to develop an empirical formula and to clarify the probabilistic characteristics of ultimate strength.     

散货船双层底主要支撑构件描述性要求研究

对于船长小于150 m的散货船,协调版共同结构规范（CSR-H）及散货船共同结构规范（CSR-BC）对双层底主要支撑构件规定了描述性要求。通过力学原理分析规范要求的理论背景,并以某典型散货船为例,对比双层底主要支撑构件按规范描述性要求和有限元评估要求得到的结果差异。在此基础上,对CSR-H关于150 m以下主要支撑构件的描述性规定给出了修改建议,并结合交叉梁系的力学推导和数值计算等,对散货船的主要支撑构件的描述性要求进行建议和计算流程归纳,可指导设计初始阶段确定主要支撑构件的腹板厚度。     

基于ANSYS的预应力混凝土桁架桥设计

结合某预应力混凝土桁架桥的概念设计,基于单元刚度矩阵集成和ANSYS有限元数值模型为计算方法,分析研究该桥在静力荷载作用下的响应。通过分析腹杆及弦杆的挠度和应力分布,研究该桥的受力特点,并提出桁架桥的优化设计建议。     

码头混凝土结构腐蚀损坏的成因分析及维护对策

日照港10万吨级煤炭出运码头于1986年5月投产使用。由于码头所处环境恶劣及建设时设计规范的局限性,目前煤码头混凝土构件已出现不同程度的腐蚀和损坏,其严重程度已影响到码头混凝土结构的耐久性,危及码头混凝土结构的安全,需进行全面维护整修。本文以该码头为例,对港工混凝土结构腐蚀损坏的成因及维护对策作一些分析、探讨。     

国际货运公约对多式联运规范之差异

《国际多式联运公约》近期内生效的可能性十分渺茫,因而,调整多式联运下众多关系人之间的法律关系在事实上存在着难以弥补的差异。文章指出了各公约中关于多式联运规定所存在的差异,并提出了法律适用方面的建议。