双钢轮振动压路机拍振现象分析与研究

针对国内某双钢轮振动压路机存在周期性振动过大的问题,分析了双钢轮振动压路机存在拍振现象的理论依据,并从结构设计、减振系统参数配置、振动轴旋转方向3个方面提出了降低拍振现象的措施,对产品开发及工程应用具有一定的理论和实践指导意义.     

双钢轮振动压路机拍振现象分析与研论

针对国内某双钢轮振动压路机存在周期性振动过大的问题,分析了双钢轮振动压路机存在拍振现象的理论依据,并从结构设计、减振系统参数配置、振动轴旋转方向3个方面提出了降低拍振现象的措施,对产品开发及工程应用具有一定的理论和实践指导意义。     

1400 m斜拉桥方案颤振临界状态拍振现象分析

1400 m 斜拉桥方案全桥气弹模型试验过程中,其在颤振临界状态下出现了拍振现象,这种振动在其他跨径较小桥梁中较少发生。为探究其发生机制,证明其存在的合理性,首先对气弹模型动力特性展开分析,结果显示其模态分布更为密集,每两阶模态之间的频率间隔更为狭小,这些都增加了拍振发生的可能性。进一步的理论分析则表明,与苏通大桥相比,1400 m 斜拉桥方案有着更为复杂的结构动力特性,在颤振临界频率附近存在着能与之发生牵连运动的振型参与进来,从而最终发生了拍振。     

被动吸振器组在传动系统宽频减振中的应用研究

本文中基于车辆动力传动系统4自由度动力学模型,利用特征值灵敏度分析,获得影响各阶固有振动的关键转动惯量,确定共振频带附近激励时所需动力吸振器的安装位置。根据外部激励的宽频转矩模型与系统固有振动之间的关系,将振动频带切割分段,在相应频段的相应位置安装对应动力吸振器分段控制。然后对各个动力吸振器进行最优参数匹配设计,并对安装动力吸振器组的传动系统进行移频特性和固有振动能量分析,佐证减振机理。最后对安装动力吸振器组的传动系统进行瞬态振动分析,验证该方案对传动系统宽频减振的有效性。     

分体式钢箱梁涡激振动特性及制振措施风洞试验研究

嘉绍大桥为多跨斜拉桥,其分体式钢箱梁可能在常遇风速下发生涡激振动.为消除可能的涡激振动对桥梁运营安全的影响,详细开展了嘉绍大桥主梁涡激振动特性及制振措施的风洞试验研究.在开展1∶60常规节段模型试验研究,把握大桥主梁涡振特性研究的基础上,针对主梁的气动敏感区域开展了涡振制振措施的研究工作,提出了抑制涡振的梁底导流板和桥面抑振板.通过1∶20大尺度节段风洞试验更详细地把握了该桥的涡振特性,并验证了导流板和抑振板的制振效果.风洞试验结果表明,当两者单独使用时,可在0.5％的阻尼比下将涡振振幅降低50％以上,以满足规范要求；当两者联合使用时,可基本消除涡激振动.该两种制振措施为同类型主梁的涡激振动控制有较好的参考作用.     

由动不平衡引起的拍频振动的识别与控制

本文研究了由电动冷却风扇和轮胎动不平衡导致的方向盘拍频振动问题,提出了通过调整转速和控制动不平衡量来降低拍频振动的控制方案,应用该方案收到了良好的控制效果。     

动力吸振器在CVT车型LockUp方向盘振动控制中的应用

在介绍CVT车型LockUp工作原理和动力吸振器工作原理的基础上,针对某款车型的Lock Up方向盘振动问题,分别对Lock Up传递路径和方向盘共振特性进行了分析。结果表明,驱动轴和悬置入力是产生此问题的主要原因。但是考虑到驱动轴和悬置系统改动难度大的问题,提出了采用动力吸振器进行方向盘振动控制的方法。通过优化动力吸振器参数,成功使得方向盘的振动减小到了可接受的范围。     

双风扇拍振对车内噪声的影响分析

为了改善某车型怠速时冷却风扇开启后车内出现节奏性轰鸣声的问题,采取理论研究和实车测试发现车内噪声与双风扇转速变化及动不平衡量密切相关,进一步对双风扇转速所带来的拍振现象、动平衡不良造成的振动异常及系统模态频率进行研究,并结合拍振的机理详细分析了风扇实际转速和理论转速差异的影响。结果表明:通过改变双风扇转速消除拍振、调整风扇动不平衡量、优化减振元件,可解决车内出现的噪声问题,提高车辆的舒适性。     

仿冲击振动压实机动力学模型的建立及压实试验

为了解决道路施工中振动压实机影响深度有限、冲击压实机压实不均匀的问题,提出了一种新的仿冲击振动压实机械,建立了该机械与土壤相互作用的动力学模型,推导了机器跳起频率的表达式,分析了机器跳振时,行走距离与振动系数及抛离系数的关系。进而用试验的方法证明了仿冲击振动压实机跳振工况的存在,给出了判断机器跳振的新方法;并对仿冲击振动压实机在跳振与非跳振工况下的压实效果进行对比试验。试验结果表明:仿冲击振动压实与振动压实相比,压实性能有较大提高,更利于深层土壤的压实。     

辅助索制振效果的有限元分析

建立了分析在斜拉桥中采用辅助索制振效果的有限元程序，以某大跨度斜拉桥模型为例，对辅助索的水平及弧形两种布置方案，考察了辅助索的阻尼、张力等因素对面外，面内制振效果的影响。分析表明，面外振动不易得到控制；对面内振动，增加辅助索的阻尼可提高制振效果，而辅助索的内力对制振效果影响不大；采用辅助索后，主索的张力变化不大。对比表明，弧形布置方案估于水平布置方案。本文的结论与现有的观测及实验结果相一致。利用所     

Development of an auxiliary mode powertrain for hybrid electric scooter

This paper proposes a design and implementation of an auxiliary mode, hybrid electric scooter (HES) by means of more cost-effective way for improving scooter’s performance and efficiency. The HES is built in a parallel hybrid configuration with a 24V 370W auxiliary power electric motor, a 24V 20AH battery, and an electronically controlled fuel injection internal combustion engine (ICE) scooter. In contrast to hybrid electric vehicles (HEVs), the issues concerning cost, volume, and reliability are even more rigorous when developing hybrid electric scooters (HESs). Therefore, the drive topology and control strategy used in HEV cannot be applied to HES directly. In order to hasten the developing phase and achieve the parametric tune-up of the HES component, a dynamic simulation model for the HES is developed here. Because the powertrain system is complex and nonlinear in nature, the simulation model utilizes mathematical models in tandem with accumulated experimental data. The method about the mathematical model construction, analysis and simulation of the hybrid powertrain used in a scooter are fully described. The efficacy of the model was verified experimentally on a scooter chassis dynamometer and the performance of the proposed hybrid powertrain is studied using the developed model under a representative urban driving cycle. Finally, Simulation and experimental results confirm the feasibility and prosperity of the proposed hybrid HES and indicate that the designed hybrid system can improve the fuel consumption rate up to 15% compared with the original scooter.     

Development of an electric scooter for practical use

The new electric scooter which has been developed by Honda complies with the Japanese regulation for motorcycles with a maximum displacement of 50 cm³ or with limited rated power of 0.6 kW. The acceleration from 0 to 200 m in 17.3 s is similar to that of a scooter with a gasoline engine in the same category, and the travel distance of 35 km per charge in the urban area driving mode is sufficient for practical use. This performance was achieved by adopting a high performance NiCd battery, DC brushless motor, belt torque converter, low rolling resistance tire, etc., while pursuing the optimum combination of these components. The cycle life of the battery has exceeded 300, which corresponds to the estimated life-time traveling distance of a conventional scooter.     

某车型减振器支架断裂原因分析及改进方案

悬架系统的减振器支架作为连接车架及减振器的零件,在车辆运行过程中,因受到减振器的拉力及压力,经常导致断裂失效,致使减振器无法正常工作。文章以某车型减振器支架的故障断裂为例,采用HyperMesh有限元分析方法对支架进行应力分析,计算结果表明:支架最大应力384MPa,应力最大位置与故障件断裂位置吻合,因此,判断支架因强度不足导致的断裂。针对支架的断裂原因,提出了3种加强改进方案,从应力、重量、成本、整改周期等因素考虑,选择最优的改进方案。整改后的减振器支架3年内售后故障率为0,达到预期效果,整改方案有效。     

麦弗逊式前悬架液力减振器阻尼特性仿真与试验

分析了某轿车麦弗逊式前悬架液力减振器的结构特点,建立了该减振器阻尼特性的数学模型,分别采用钱氏摄动法和有限元法计算减振器节流阀片的挠曲变形,通过仿真计算得到了相应的减振器阻尼特性,通过台架试验进行了减振器样件的阻尼性能测试。对比分析表明:仿真结果与试验结果基本一致,验证了减振器阻尼特性数学模型的有效性;根据有限元法计算的阀片变形所预测的减振器阻尼特性更接近试验值,研究结果有利于提高液力减振器阻尼特性的计算精度。     

Efficient empirical modelling of a high-performance shock absorber for vehicle dynamics studies

This paper develops an intuitive empirical nonlinear dynamic shock absorber model for simulation studies. Unlike other existing dynamic shock absorber models, it does not suffer from the complexity of modelling complex physical behaviour, or the inefficiencies of unstructured black-box modelling. The model consists of an algebraic backbone, which is a function of velocity alone, and a nonlinear low-pass filter, which has been designed based on the observation that the damper can respond more quickly at higher velocities. Due to the simplicity of the model, it can be fitted with data and evaluated quickly. The model was fitted using shock dynamometer test data using a random shock position command. The completed model is then validated using random, sine wave, and bump test data. This analysis shows the strengths and weaknesses of the model and suggests areas for future development.     

电控气动式可调阻尼减振器的设计与应用

确定了电控气动式可调阻尼减振器在"软"、"硬"阻尼状态下的阻尼力设计目标.设计了以电磁阀和摆动气缸作为驱动机构的电控气动式可调阻尼减振器,通过仿真计算分析了该减振器的阻尼特性.研制了可调阻尼减振器样件并在试验台架上进行了性能测试.结果表明,除后减振器压缩阻力外.其余各项阻尼力试验值与仿真值的平均偏差小于7%,表明减振器的仿真模型有效.将该可调阻尼减振器装车进行的道路平顺性试验表明,与被动式减振器相比,采用可调阻尼减振器可使客车的行驶平顺性得到提高.     

车用减振器噪声测试与改进方法分析

针对汽车减振器使用过程中产生的常见噪声,对产生噪声的减振器进行了分批测试分析,总结了减振器产生噪声的原因,并且针对这些原因对减振器的结构及使用提出了改进措施。经过对改进后的减振器进行测试分析,验证了这些改进措施可以减少减振器的噪声,并能提高减振器的性能。     

一种新型汽车馈能减振器的结构设计与特性分析

简述了馈能减振器结构与工作原理及其主要零部件的选型方法.采用SIMULINK软件建立了馈能减振器模型,并进行了阻尼特性、示功特性和馈能特性分析.仿真结果表明,馈能减振器的阻尼系数可通过串联不同电阻值的负载而进行改变,阻值越小,阻尼系数越大;在相同振幅不同频率的路面位移激励作用下,随着激励频率的增加,馈能减振器相对位移和最大阻尼力随之增大;减振器压缩速度越大,电机转速越快,输出电压越高.     

The influence of frame compliance and rider mobility on the scooter stability

This article investigates the effect of frame compliance and rider mobility on the scooter stability. Particular attention is given to the wobble mode, because it may easily become unstable in the vehicle speed range. This article includes a synthetic discussion of previous works, presents a new mathematical model, and discusses the results of both numerical and experimental analyses of the vehicle stability by varying the vehicle characteristics and motion conditions.

The mathematical model describes the out-of-plane dynamics of the scooter and consists of a twelve-degree-freedom linear model. It describes the main scooter features and, in particular, includes the frame compliance, rider mobility, and an advanced tire model. The torsion and bending compliance of both the front fork and swingarm are modelled using lumped rotational springs; similarly, the rider mobility is described by means of two soft springs which connect the rider body to the chassis. The tire model describes in detail the carcass geometry and its compliance. The full scooter model is available on the website www.dinamoto.it and has been derived using ‘MBSymba’, which is a package for the symbolic modelling of multibody systems.

The scooter stability has been investigated at both low and high speeds; in particular, the effect of vehicle compliance and rider mobility on the weave and wobble modes have been examined. Numerical simulations show that the bending flexibility of the front fork stabilizes wobble mode at high speed and has a contrary effect at low speed, whereas the torsion flexibility of the fork does not appear to have a remarkable influence; the bending flexibility of the swingarm slightly stabilizes the weave mode at very high speeds whereas the torsion flexibility of the swingarm has a contrary effect. The effect of rider mobility is to stabilize the weave mode at high speed and the wobble mode at low speed. Several experimental tests have been carried out in the same speed range and a good correlation between simulations and tests has been found. The variation of some important vehicle parameters has been investigated; in particular, tests were repeated for different values of the rear-frame inertia, the rear-chassis stiffness, the front-tire characteristics, the normal trail, and the steer inertia.     

Dynamic Properties of Motorcycle and Scooter Tires: Measurement and Comparison

Summary Results of an experimental research program dealing with motorcycle and scooter tires are presented. Experimental tests were carried out by means of a rotating disk test machine, which is particularly suited to test tires in the presence of large camber angles. First, the capabilities of the rotating disk machine are discussed and results are compared with the ones obtained by means of other test machines. Then the properties of several motorcycle and scooter tires are presented and compared. The advantage of presenting results in terms of camber and sideslip stiffness is highlighted. The effect of tire working conditions (inflation pressure, load and temperature) is analyzed. Finally the measurement of tire torques is discussed and some results dealing with self-aligning, twisting and rolling resistance torques are presented.