基于场景模拟的纯电动车续驶里程测试

随着新能源汽车的发展,消费者对纯电动汽车的关注度也在提升。但是消费者对实际续驶里程与宣称续驶里程数据差距大产生抱怨,严重影响到品牌形象。针对续驶里程,文章提出基于终端用户实际用车场景进行测试的方法,并对该测试流程和内容进行阐述。通过对实车测试,得出相关场景的续驶里程数据,给销售商家提供实际的数据进行宣传,降低客户抱怨,也给设计部门提供优化方向。     

基于大数据分析的电动汽车行驶里程 预测方法研究

针对电动汽车行驶里程预测问题,采用人工智能与大数据的分析方法对电动汽车的续驶里程进行预测。首先,通过对北京市某款电动汽车的实际运行数据进行预处理分析,筛选出有效的放电小片段,进行特征工程分析;然后,利用微分思想构造出模型的输入与输出,建立分类与回归树预测模型;为了进一步提高预测精确度,采用随机森林与梯度提升迭代决策树两种不同的模型融合算法对模型进行优化。结果表明,模型融合算法能显著减少预测结果的均方误差,能够很好的预测电动汽车行驶里程。     

基于电池能量状态估计和车辆能耗预测的电动汽车续驶里程估计方法研究

本文中提出一种基于动力电池能量状态估计和车辆能耗预测的续驶里程估计模型。电池能量状态估计采用电池状态模型估计电池剩余的可用能量,分析了不同因素的影响。利用纯电动车测试数据,基于递推最小二乘算法辨识车辆能耗参数,结合行驶工况预测汽车能耗,进而计算续驶里程。与传统的续驶里程估计方法相比,基于电池能量状态估计和整车能耗预测的续驶里程估计模型的精度有较大提高。     

电动汽车纯电里程试验的主要影响因素研究

随着电动车纯电里程的提升,干扰因素对纯电里程试验的影响也被进一步放大,导致纯电里程测试结果更容易产生较大偏差。文章介绍了纯电里程的分布规律,从能量流角度分析了潜在的影响因素,并重点针对影响转鼓加载的转鼓滑行前的热车时间、磨合里程以及转鼓滑行电机出扭一致性进行了研究。结果表明:转鼓滑行前的热车时间影响滑行时的车辆内阻,易导致纯电里程失真,建议提高热车时间至20 min;磨合里程对纯电里程有显著影响,磨合不足会引起纯电里程虚高,建议磨合里程在2000 km以上;在滑行过程中,电机0 N·m控制时由零部件散差导致的真实出扭偏差,对纯电里程也有较大影响,试验车应注意保证各批次电机的一致性。     

高速铁路轨道精调若干技术问题探讨

轨道几何平顺性是指导高速铁路轨道精调作业的重要依据,是高速铁路建设过程中关键控制指标,也是列车安全运行的重要指标。对高速铁路轨道几何平顺性的计算方法进行了改进,根据平顺性精度需求提出了适用于高速铁路轨道精调全站仪等级,确定了轨道精调有效测量距离和轨道几何平顺性施工控制指标。     

某纯电动商用车总里程跳变分析

针对某纯电动商用车的组合仪表里程跳变问题进行了分析,发现其储存芯片存在问题,并针对该问题提出了一种方法。该方法在下电前通过VCU记录组合仪表所发送的里程数据,并在下次上电时发送到总线上,供仪表进行校验,如校验通过,则里程未跳变;如校验失败,则里程跳变,组合仪表改用VCU发送的总里程并继续计算总里程。经验证,该方法可以有效地预防里程跳变,特别是下电后再上电时的里程跳变。     

基于地图信息和循环SVR模型的纯电动汽车续驶里程预测

针对未来行驶工况未知导致续驶里程预测精度难以提高的现状,提出了一种基于地图信息和循环支持向量回归(SVR)模型的纯电动汽车续驶里程预测方法。该方法根据地图信息预测未来的行驶工况,并将相应的工况参数作为SVR模型的输入,计算该工况下单位里程下降值和剩余值。将这一过程反复迭代,直至SOC值归零,则SVR运行次数即为剩余续驶里程。最后利用实际行驶数据,在ADVISOR中进行仿真,结果证明该方法具有较高的续驶里程预测精度。     

基于车公里载客量的公交线路客运量预测研究

对公交线路客运量的有效预测是制定线路运营计划、合理规划运营线路和优化公交运营调度的基础.通过分析线路车公里载客量的周期波动特征,提出以车公里载客量和公交车载客里程为关键影响因素,建立公交线路客运量预测模型.实验结果表明,该模型预测效果较好,相对误差低于15%,具有较强的实用性.     

基于递推合成BP网络的轨道不平顺预测研究

轨道是列车运行的基础,为了保障列车安全、平稳和不间断的运行,轨道必须具有高平顺性.根据轨道不平顺变化特点,利用递推合成BP网络对轨道不平顺状态分周期进行预测,减小了对轨道进行维修作业带来的误差.为了验证模型的有效性,采集了京九线2008年2月~2010年7月的TQI检测数据进行验证,结果表明递推合成BP网络能够在每个TQI变化周期内对轨道的不平顺状态进行较为准确地预测.      

电动无人驾驶配送货运车辆路径优化研究

无人驾驶技术日渐成熟,将无人驾驶技术和具有广泛优势的电动汽车结合运用于物流配送中是未来的发展趋势。然而由于电动汽车电池和充电技术发展尚不完善,使得无人驾驶电动物流车的标定续驶里程普遍不高,实际续驶里程小于标定续驶里程。因此,研究其路径优化问题是十分有必要的。论文首先提出了无人驾驶电动物流车路径优化问题的数学模型,运用LINGO软件进行小规模算例测试,验证了模型的合理性。然后,对传统的节约里程法算法进行了改进,并将其用于求解本文的数学模型,运用MATLAB软件求解验证模型的小规模算例,验证了算法的可行性。最后用改进的算法求解了一个大规模算例。实验结果表明,提出的带有电量约束的车辆路径优化问题的数学模型是合理的,证明了具有电量约束的改进的节约里程法的可行性和合理性。     

在用车排放劣化规律研究

利用汽油车稳态加载模拟工况法(ASM)、汽油车简易瞬态工况法(VMAS)、双怠速法和新车排放认证工况法对在用车不同行驶里程下的尾气进行检测,探索在用车排放随实际行驶里程劣化规律。试验结果表明:新车投入运行后的20万km内,随行驶里程的增加有害排放物劣化非常缓慢,且排放量远小于标准限值;在20万km行驶里程后,有害排放物开始缓慢增加;在40万km行驶里程后排放劣化加速。     

新能源汽车续驶里程焦虑及维修技术研究

续驶里程焦虑是新能源汽车售后市场抱怨最多的问题。文章从售后角度分析了导致续驶里程焦虑的原因及维修排查技术,提出了一些建议性措施。旨在为售后相关人员提供一定的理论指导,从而推动售后市场更好的发展。     

Probabilistic assessment of railway vehicle-curved track systems considering track random irregularities

The randomness of track irregularities directly leads to the random vibration of the vehicle–track systems. To assess the dynamic performance of a railway system in more comprehensive and practical ways, a framework for probabilistic assessment of vehicle-curved track systems is developed by effectively integrating a vehicle–track coupled model (VTCM), a track irregularity probabilistic model (TIPM) with a probability density evolution method (PDEM). In VTCM, the railway vehicle and the curved track are coupled by the nonlinear wheel–rail interaction forces, and through TIPM, the ergodic properties of random track irregularities on amplitudes, wavelengths and probabilities can be properly considered in the dynamic calculations. Lastly, PDEM, a newly developed method for solving probabilistic transmissions between stochastic excitations and deterministic dynamic responses, is introduced to this probabilistic assessment model. Numerical examples validate the correctness and practicability of the proposed models. In this paper, the results of probabilistic assessment are presented to illustrate the dynamic behaviours of a high-speed railway vehicle subject to curved tracks with various radii, and to demonstrate the importance of considering the actual status of wheel–rail contacts and curve negotiation effects in vehicle-curved track interactions.     

Influence of uneven rail irregularities on the dynamic response of the railway track using a three-dimensional model of the vehicle–track system

A mathematical model of the vehicle–track interaction is developed to investigate the coupled behaviour of vehicle–track system, in the presence of uneven irregularities at left/right rails. The railway vehicle is simplified as a 3D multi-rigid-body model, and the track is treated as the two parallel beams on a layered discrete support system. Besides the car-body, the bogies and the wheel sets, the sleepers are assumed to have roll degree of freedom, in order to simulate the in-plane rotation of the components. The wheel–rail interface is treated using a nonlinear Hertzian contact model, coupling the mathematical equations of the vehicle–track systems. The dynamic interaction of the entire system is numerically studied in time domain, employing Newmark's integration method. The track irregularity spectra of both the left/right rails are taken into account, as the inputs of dynamic excitations. The dynamic responses of the track system induced by such irregularities are obtained, particularly in terms of the vertical (bounce) and roll displacements. The numerical model of the present research is validated using several benchmark models reported in the literature, for both the smooth and unsmooth track conditions. Four sample profiles of the measured rail irregularities are considered as the case studies of excitation sources, examining their influences on the dynamic behaviour of the coupled system. The results of numerical simulations demonstrate that the motion of track system is significantly influenced by the presence of uneven irregularities in left/right rails. Dynamic response of the sleepers in the roll direction becomes more sensitive to the rail irregularities, as the unevenness severity of the parallel profiles (quantitative difference between left and right rail spectra) is increased. The severe geometric deformation of the track in the bounce–pitch–roll directions is mainly related to such profile unevenness (cross-level) in left/right rails.     

On vehicle/track impact at connection between a floating slab and ballasted track and floating slab track's effectiveness of force isolation

When a vehicle runs over the connection between a floating slab track (FST) and ballasted track, wheel/rail impact may occur because of the stiffness difference in the two kinds of track, and thus a transition sector is usually included at the connection to smoothen the stiffness change. This phenomenon is studied by numerical simulation using a time-domain model for an idealised case without such a transition to determine whether it is actually necessary. Calculation results show that the wheel/rail impact load is moderate for a light FST and increases with the vehicle speed or decreasing the natural frequency of the FST. From simulation the wheel/rail parametric excitation is observed, as a result of variation in the stiffness of the FST with the period of the single slab length. The wheel/rail load due to the parametric excitation also increases with the vehicle speed. In addition, good performance of vibration isolation can be seen for the FST in terms of the force transmitted to the infrastructure.     

Effects of rail thermal stress on the dynamic response of vehicle and track

A new method is proposed to obtain the dynamic responses of the vehicle–track coupling system under the conditions of rail thermal stress changes in high-speed railways. Exact models are established with different rail longitudinal forces, in which multibody dynamic models are used for vehicles and the direct stiffness method for structures. In order to provide a general, simple and flexible formulation to express longitudinal stress distribution, the accurate model of long slab track consists of many small units with parameters which can be initialised separately. The exact analytical equation of track frequency and modal function was obtained by the transition matrix method, which can be used in calculating the dynamic response of wheel–rail coupling model. The proposed model is verified through comparisons with other classical solutions. Under the influence of train velocities and track irregularities, the specific vibration performances that frequency shifted and amplitude peak enhanced with thermal force are demonstrated through examples. The results show that the response analyses of vehicle and track have great application potentiality for fast estimation of the rail longitudinal stress.     

Investigation of the effects of sleeper-passing impacts on the high-speed train

The sleeper-passing impact has always been considered negligible in normal conditions, while the experimental data obtained from a High-speed train in a cold weather expressed significant sleeper-passing impacts on the axle box, bogie frame and car body. Therefore, in this study, a vertical coupled vehicle/track dynamic model was developed to investigate the sleeper-passing impacts and its effects on the dynamic performance of the high-speed train. In the model, the dynamic model of vehicle is established with 10 degrees of freedom. The track model is formulated with two rails supported on the discrete supports through the finite element method. The contact forces between the wheel and rail are estimated using the non-linear Hertz contact theory. The parametric studies are conducted to analyse effects of both the vehicle speeds and the discrete support stiffness on the sleeper-passing impacts. The results show that the sleeper-passing impacts become extremely significant with the increased support stiffness of track, especially when the frequencies of sleeper-passing impacts approach to the resonance frequencies of wheel/track system. The damping of primary suspension can effectively lower the magnitude of impacts in the resonance speed ranges, but has little effect on other speed ranges. Finally, a more comprehensively coupled vehicle/track dynamic model integrating with a flexible wheel set is developed to discuss the sleeper-passing-induced flexible vibration of wheel set.     

板式无砟轨道交通引起的环境振动数值分析

利用已研究出的高速铁路动荷载,采用粘弹性边界,运用有限元法建立轨道-路基-大地二维动力分析模型,分析板式无砟轨道交通引起的振动在大地中的传播特性。计算分析表明:地表的振动强度随着离轨道中心线的距离增加而逐渐衰减。离轨道中心线近处,地表振动较强,而且加速度主要频段在20 Hz以上;离轨道中心线较远处,振动较小,加速度主要频段在10 Hz以下。随着离轨道中心距离的增加,加速度幅值随之减小,而且地表20 Hz以上的振动衰减得较快,10 Hz以下的振动衰减得较慢。     

Study on rail corrugation of a metro tangential track with Cologne-egg type fasteners

In Chinese metro lines, rail corrugation on both tangential and tight curved tracks with Cologne-egg type fasteners is very severe. Based on the viewpoint of friction-induced vibration causing rail corrugation, the rail corrugation on a tangential track with Cologne-egg type fasteners is studied in this paper. A vibration model of an elastic multiple-wheelset-track system with Cologne-egg type fasteners is established. Both the complex eigenvalue analysis and the transient dynamic analysis are performed to study the stability and the dynamic performance of the wheelset-track system. The simulation results show that a low rail support stiffness value is responsible for rail corrugation on the tangential track. When the Cologne-egg fasteners characterised by a lower stiffness value are replaced with the DTVI2 fasteners characterised by a higher stiffness value, rail corrugation disappears. However, rail corrugation on tight curved tracks cannot be suppressed using the same replacement. The above conclusions are consistent with the corrugation occurrences in actual metro tracks.     

Simulation of vertical dynamic vehicle–track interaction using a two-dimensional slab track model

The vertical dynamic interaction between a railway vehicle and a slab track is simulated in the time domain using an extended state-space vector approach in combination with a complex-valued modal superposition technique for the linear, time-invariant and two-dimensional track model. Wheel–rail contact forces, bending moments in the concrete panel and load distributions on the supporting foundation are evaluated. Two generic slab track models including one or two layers of concrete slabs are presented. The upper layer containing the discrete slab panels is described by decoupled beams of finite length, while the lower layer is a continuous beam. Both the rail and concrete layers are modelled using Rayleigh–Timoshenko beam theory. Rail receptances for the two slab track models are compared with the receptance of a traditional ballasted track. The described procedure is demonstrated by two application examples involving: (i) the periodic response due to the rail seat passing frequency as influenced by the vehicle speed and a foundation stiffness gradient and (ii) the transient response due to a local rail irregularity (dipped welded joint).