低温等离子体对柴油机尾气净化效果的研究

本文中对利用低温等离子体(NTP)技术净化柴油机尾气中的颗粒物(PM)、总碳氢(THC)和氮氧化物(NOx)进行研究,结果表明,介质阻挡放电反应器的输入能量和对柴油机尾气的处理量是影响NTP净化性能的主要因素.在低能量窗口(输入电压约为7.5kV)内,NTP对NOx净化效果较好,对PM和THC的净化效果较差;而在高能量窗口(输入电压为10kV)内,NTP能有效地净化PM和THC,却可能使NOx的浓度增大.在相同输入能量条件下,处理量越大NTP的净化效果越差.     

采用低温等离子体同步净化柴油机PM和NO_x(一):物理仿真

为了实现对柴油机尾气中PM和NOx的同步去除,将静电旋风捕集技术与等离子体协同烃类选择性催化还原技术(Plasma/HC-SCR)相结合开发了一套柴油机后处理原理性试验装置。该装置集柴油机PM的静电捕集、PM的氧化燃烧、NOx的选择性催化还原于一体,对在富氧条件下利用烃类选择还原催化和静电旋风捕集同步去除柴油机PM和NOx进行了利用可控标准气体的模拟试验研究,得到了净化效率随相关参数之间的变化规律。在单纯的等离子体环境下,NO浓度降低,NO2浓度增加,但总的NOx基本保持不变;使用催化剂的同时辅助等离子体可以使NO的峰值转化率所对应的温度向低温区偏移50℃左右;催化剂、等离子体、还原HC对于降低炭烟的起燃温度都有影响,同时使用可以使炭烟的起燃温度最低降低到280℃。此装置实现了柴油机PM和NOx的同步去除。     

DOC+CDPF+SCR对轻型柴油机排放特性的影响

为研究DOC+CDPF+SCR对轻型柴油机动力性、经济性、排放性的影响,以一台满足国五排放法规的轻型柴油机作为样机,加装DOC+CDPF+SCR后处理系统后进行了台架试验研究。结果表明:加装DOC+CDPF+SCR后处理系统对柴油机的动力性和经济性有一定影响,外特性下扭矩平均降幅为1.3%,负荷特性下燃油消耗率平均升幅为2.6%。DOC+CDPF+SCR能有效降低柴油机的NO_x,THC,CO以及颗粒物排放。DOC主导净化THC和CO,对颗粒物也有良好的减排能力;SCR主导净化NO_x,排气温度较低时转化效率不高;CDPF主导净化颗粒物排放,对中小粒径颗粒物的净化效率更高。PN和PM平均减排率分别为99.1%和96.6%。     

柴油机排放污染控制技术及发展趋势

本文从国内车用柴油机现状及特点,阐明了柴油机主要污染物的生成机理。在此基础上,分析了柴油机排放的机内净化和尾气后处理措施,针对NOx和PM排放控制的矛盾关系,着重分析了NOx和PM净化后处理的关键技术。总结了我国柴油机未来发展技术路线,并对柴油机排放污染控制技术的发展趋势进行了展望。     

一种新型DPF-SCR柴油机后处理技术

以柴油机尾气中NOx和碳烟颗粒(PM)两种主要污染物的后处理技术为重点研究对象,针对近年来正在应用及研究的柴油机的NOx和碳烟颗粒(PM)排放后处理控制技术,重点介绍了Nissan Diesel公司新近研制的一种新型的尿素选择性催化还原(SCR)柴油机微粒过滤系统的工作原理及特点,详细叙述了该系统通过改善催化剂材料、提...     

柴油机排气PM与NOx同时催化净化技术

介绍了柴油机排气PM和NOx同时催化净化后处理技术,从同时去除PM与NOx的催化剂、低温等离 子体协同催化还原技术以及其他技术的角度,概述了这方面的研究进展,提出了今后的研究方向。     

DOC辅助DPF再生的二次污染研究

在氧化型催化转换器(DOC)前端的排气管中喷入柴油,通过提高柴油机尾气温度、燃烧并去除柴油机微粒捕集器(DPF)中的PM,实现了DPF再生。对整个再生过程中尾气成分进行分析和计算,发现碳氢化合物(HC)为主要二次污染物,且排放相对较大。通过试验方法,分别研究喷油流量和喷油时DOC前端排气温度对再生过程中HC排放的影响,并依此提出保温处理、分阶段喷油和低速再生等三项优化措施。优化后再生过程中HC排放降低了68%,且燃油经济性提高了21%。     

基于柴油机排气后处理的排放控制技术应用研究

柴油机排放控制的重点是氮氧化物(NOx)和颗粒物(PM)两种污染物,文章对目前已经实用化的柴油机排气后处理技术的发展现状和趋势进行分析研究,对将柴油机机内净化技术与机后处理技术相结合同时能降低NOx和PM的排综合控制技术进行了分析探讨。     

采用低温等离子体同步净化柴油机PM和NO_x(二):试验研究

采用静电旋风捕集技术与等离子体协同烃类选择性还原技术相结合的方法研制了柴油机后处理装置,在柴油机试验台架上进行了实际柴油机排气净化试验,考察了实际柴油机排气环境下低温等离子体净化柴油机NOx和PM的实际效果。研究结果表明,随着进口流速的增加静电旋风捕集效率略有下降;低温等离子体降低了炭烟的再生温度,炭烟在等离子体和催化的共同作用下280℃即可催化燃烧;等离子体催化系统在外加还原HC的条件下NOx转化率最高可达60%。     

低温等离子体喷射系统降低排放及再生DPF的试验研究

通过建立低温等离子体(NTP)喷射系统试验台架,研究了NTP反应器产生的活性物质对柴油机HC,NOx,PM排放的转化效果,并研究了对DPF的再生效果。研究结果表明:当柴油机在低速小负荷工况运行时,排气温度较低,NTP反应器产生的O3,O等活性物质主要将柴油机NOx排放物中的NO部分氧化为NO2;当柴油机高速大负荷工况运行时,活性物质对排气中HC,PM的氧化作用加强,将额外生成CO,同时实现对DPF的连续再生。     

Majorization of working parameters for non-thermal plasma reactor and impact on no oxidation of diesel engine

The main target of this work is to realize the function of pre-oxidizing NO from diesel engine’s exhaust by using self-designed double-dielectric Non-thermal Plasma (NTP) reactor. The majorized discharge frequency and discharge peak to peak voltage (V_p-p) range for NTP reactor were obtained through air discharge test. The diesel engine test bench was established to observe the effect of NTP on the volume fraction of NO. The results showed that there were more active substances and fewer by-products in NTP reactor when discharge frequency was 9 kHz and V_p-p was between 9 kV and 23 kV; Exhaust flows had insignificant effect on the performance of NTP pre-oxidizing NO; The ability of NTP to pre-oxidize NO gradually weakened with the increase of engine load, and when the engine load were 0 % and 25 %, the ratio of NO/NO₂ could reach 1. In such working conditions, SCR system could improve the conversion rate of the NO_x at low-temperature zone through quick reaction combined with NTP.     

采用燃烧器+氧化催化器的柴油机微粒捕集器复合再生控制策略的研究

设计了一种车载全流式燃烧器,从增压柴油机的涡轮增压器取出新鲜空气,从回油管路取油供给燃烧;将该装置安装在排气管尾端使捕集器进行再生.在燃烧器和捕集器之间增加氧化催化器,实现了在发动机所有稳态工况下捕集器的复合再生.在排气背压的再生控制策略基础上,根据经验公式对背压值进行温度修正,将三维背压MAP简化为二维,提出"恒温定时"的复合再生控制策略,分析了控制策略在不同工况区域的运用,给出了再生过程分析实例.对既定的控制策略进行了实车试验,结果表明微粒排放达到了国Ⅳ标准.     

柴油机排气颗粒物捕集器的发展

柴油机在轻型车辆上使用的日趋普遍,使得柴油机排放气体中的颗粒物后处理成为研究热点。颗粒物捕集器是解决柴油机排气颗粒污染最有效的后处理技术。针对目前国内颗粒物捕集器的使用情况,论述了柴油机排气颗粒物捕集器过滤材料和过滤体再生技术近年来的研究现状,介绍了近年来过滤材料和过滤体再生技术结合良好的几种颗粒物捕集器,提出了颗粒物捕集器今后的研究方向。     

利用柴油机尾气后处理技术实现欧Ⅳ排放标准的试验研究

以某4缸增压直喷柴油机为样机,利用专业试验台架,在优化喷油提前角和EGR阀开度的前提下,联合利用氧化催化器(DOC)及微粒氧化催化转化器(POC)技术对柴油机尾气排放进行了试验研究,并总结了DOC和POC技术对柴油机排放的影响规律.试验结果表明,通过优化喷油提前角及EGR阀开度,并且选择正确的DOC与POC的布置形式,...     

分子筛型SCR对车用柴油机排放改善的试验研究

商用车柴油机多采用DOC+SCR的后处理系统来满足国Ⅳ、国Ⅴ排放标准的要求,而不同类型SCR的催化特性对最终污染物排放影响也不同。试验获取了一支铜基分子筛型SCR,基于1台2.8L柴油机和一支钒基SCR,运行了车用柴油机稳态循环(ESC)和瞬态排放循环(ETC),研究并分析了其对柴油机污染物的减排特性。结果表明,相较于钒基SCR,运行ETC循环时分子筛型SCR对发动机NOx和PM排放的减排效率分别提升19%和33%;分子筛型SCR对NOx的低温转化效率更高,且由于对排气流量不敏感,在高空速工况下其转化效率显著高于钒基SCR;分子筛型SCR对颗粒物个数的减排效率弱于钒基SCR,达7%以上,容易将大质量颗粒物分解为小质量颗粒物;两种SCR均对CO和HC具有一定的减排效果,减排率可达20%左右。     

Estimation of soot oxidation rate in DPF under carbon and non-carbon based particulate matter accumulated condition

By high particulate matter(PM) reduction performance, diesel particulate filter(DPF) is applied to almost all of modern HSDI diesel engine. PM emitted from diesel engine is consist of carbon based and non-carbon based material. Representative carbon based PM is soot. Non-carbon based PM is produced by wear of engine and exhaust component, combustion of lubrication oil and sulphur in fuel. Accumulation of non-carbon based PM affects pressure difference of DPF and thus accuracy of soot mass estimation in DPF can be lowered during normal and regeneration condition when the pressure difference caused by non-carbon based PM is not recognized correctly. Also unevenly accumulated PM inside of DPF can produce locally different exhaust gas temperature and thus it can lower accuracy of soot mass estimation during regeneration. This study focuses on estimation of soot oxidation rate not by conventional pressure difference but by exhaust gas analysis at up and downstream of DPF. Results, strong correlations between CO₂ -fuel mass ratio and soot oxidation was observed.     

PFI汽油机排气微粒数浓度及粒径分布研究

在不同转速和负荷下,用快速微粒光谱仪(DMS500)对PFI汽油机排气微粒的数浓度和粒径分布进行了测量.结果表明:在中低负荷下,PFI汽油机产生的微粒几乎全部为纳米级核模态粒子,随着负荷的增加,微粒数浓度单调增加,并且峰值粒径向粒径增大方向迁移;微粒的几何平均直径(GMD)和中位直径(CMD)都是随着负荷的增加而逐渐增...     

微粒氧化催化器与催化型燃油添加剂联合降低重型柴油车微粒排放的试验研究

在低、中、高3种转速及不同扭矩的工况下对重型柴油车进行了PM排放试验,对比了微粒氧化催化器(POC)+柴油机氧化催化剂(DOC)和POC+燃媒催化型燃油添加剂两种PM净化方案。试验研究表明,添加剂最佳添加质量分数为90×10-6,添加剂可替代DOC与POC联合净化PM,并得到较为理想的净化效果。     

Heat exchanger/catalytic system for reducing the exhaust emissions from diesel engines

A system has been researched over the past 3 years for reducing the exhaust pollutants from diesel engines for light commercial vehicles. The system researched achieves Euro 6 standards for reduction of polluting gases (CO, HC, PM, NO). It consists of 4 main sections: 1. A heater and heat exchanger (HE); 2. A CO/HC oxidising catalyst (D°C); 3. Pt catalyst on a diesel particulate filter (DPF); 4. A NO reducing reaction (SCR) within the DPF. The system operates as follows. The exhaust gas contains oxidising gases, namely both O₂ and NO₂. The levels of CO and HC are oxidised by O₂ to CO₂ for temperatures above 200°C. Carbon (PM) is oxidised to CO₂ by NO₂ but requires a temperature above 250°C. The operating exhaust temperature of 300°C is ideal for the removal of NO by using the Pt catalyst and the CO generated within the DPF. The heater is required to be able to raise the exhaust temperature at any time to 300°C in order to optimise the performance of the system, since diesel engine exhaust temperatures vary between 160°C (slow speeds) to 350°C (high speeds). Considerable heat is required (??3 kW) to maintain the exhaust gas for a 2l engine at 300°C for engine idle conditions. Therefore a heat exchanger is required to re-circulate the input heat and thereby reduce the maximum power consumption to a maximum of 500W over the engine full operating test cycle. This energy is supplied by the engine battery and alternator. Experimental results have been obtained for the exhaust from a Kubota diesel engine and the reductions in exhaust emissions of 83% (CO/ HC), 58% (NOx) and 99% (PM) were obtained. The PM was continuously cleaned so that there was no build up of back pressure.