水下油气田虚拟计量技术应用

虚拟计量是基于计算机系统和油气水多相流体力学的数字化测量技术,其核心原理为:通过普通的通信协议和控制系统,获取井筒、水下采油树、水下管汇和海底管道上压力、温度信息,综合目标油气田流体的特性参数,建立目标油气田的多相流体在井筒、油嘴和海底管道内的多相流数值计算模型,通过对质量、动量及能量方程的求解,获得各个油气井的单相产量。水下虚拟计量技术既可以用于水下油气田产量的计量,也可以作为在线多相计量装置的参考评价系统,从而大大节省水下油气田开发费用。目前这一技术已经应用在国外油气田开发中,我国崖城13-4气田首次在国内应用这一创新技术。该技术在满足生产需求的同时,大大降低了海上油气田开发投资。     

应力量测技术在水下管道敷设工程施工中的应用

随着国民经济的发展,管道广泛用于成品油、天然气、自来水等的输送,随着输送领域不断扩大,其中不乏过海、过江、过湖等水下管道敷设工程的施工.然而目前我国还没有专用的水下应力测量仪器,能否把陆上应力测量技术运用到水下管道敷设工程中,为水下管道敷设施工提供直观的应力数据,为沉管指挥员掌握沉管全过程的管道应力情况,从而保证管道的安全沉放.本文就此作一些简介,以期此技术能在以后的水下管道敷设工程施工中多加应用并逐步完善.     

水下采油树钢结构焊接残余应力消除

本文根据中国南海某气田开发项目水下采油树的应用环境及应用要求 ,对水下采油树钢结构焊接所产生的残余应力的机理、分布规律及其影响因素进行了分析,并阐述了控制水下采油树钢结构焊接残余应力的主要工艺解决措施。此基础上,将其应用于国产化备用采油树项目,满足了产品的应用要求。     

图像声纳在油气田气体泄漏监测中的应用

中国是海洋大国,这片蓝色疆土中有着丰富的资源,因此开发利用海洋资源对我国的可持续发展有着重大的意义。对海洋的探索已不仅仅只限于军事目的,也转向了民用目的,如海底资源开发、石油勘探、自动绘制海底地形地貌图等。油气田是海底开采石油、运输石油的大型民用项目,油气管道是在海底连续输送大量油气物质的密闭型联通容器。油气管道所输送的油气为有害的易燃易爆物质,一旦管道发生泄漏或断裂,会对其周围的环境和人员产生严重的后果,所以对油气田气体泄漏的监测成为一项关键技术,能够及时避免事故的发生。对处于深海的水下结构来说,监测气体泄漏的首选方法是水下声学监测,论文主要研究图像声纳在油气田气体泄漏监测中的应用。     

水下生产系统的设计和应用

针对开发300 m以上的深水海域,传统的导管架平台开发方式已经不适用的问题,对南海某气田水下生产系统的设计和应用进行总结,该套水下生产系统已经在南海使用,目前运行情况良好。     

深水长距离动静态一体海缆安装设计

在采用深水全水下生产系统和浮式生产储油卸油装置(Floating Production Storage and Offloading, FPSO)进行油气田开发时,海流和FPSO的往复运动会给海缆带来不利影响。对此,分析海缆的水下在位形式,推荐采用深水海缆波构型。对海缆起始铺设、海缆卡子与水下基盘就位的特殊设计等海缆技术进行研究,并通过实际案例验证该海缆安装设计方法的效果。实际应用结果表明,这种方法能解决“深水全水下生产系统+FPSO”这种油气田开发形式的复杂结构和构型的海缆水下安装难题。     

多相流技术在凝析气管道输送中的应用

多相流技术是当前管道输送技术发展的一个重要方面.多相流技术在降低管道投资,减少运行费用方面的显著特点已使其越来越多地用于油气管道输送.在海洋油气田开发中,为简化平台处理工艺、减少管道投资,油气输送多采用多相流输送.凝析气是多元组分的气体混合物,以饱和烃组分为主,在开采,输送过程中的凝析和反凝析现象显著,这使凝析气的管道输送不同于气体或液体的单相输送,凝析气的气液混相输送是多相流输送的一种特例.针对东海平湖油气田海底输气管道采用多相流技术输送凝析气的实例,分析了凝析气混相输送管道压降、输量和持液率的关系,并指出了预测管路温度下降值是管路安全运行的必要条件.通过对平湖凝析气管道的运行分析,强调工艺配套是多相流技术成功应用的重要条件.     

振华重工自主研发落管抛石船

正近日,由振华重工牵头承担的中国交建科研项目"落管抛石船技术研究"完成基本的设计研发工作。该研发项目能够实现精准抛石,基本满足我国绝大部分海上平台、管线、电缆、油气田、风电场的抛石需求,打破了国外落管抛石技术的垄断。水下抛石作为一种海底管道保护措施,已由浅水应用到深水。此前,振华重工曾为港珠澳大桥岛隧     

海洋平台栈桥管道应力分析的模拟方法

栈桥是连接海上油气田两个或多个平台间油气水管线、电控线缆和人员通行的通道.平台间在风、波浪、船舶靠泊等荷载作用下会发生相对运动,通过栈桥的管道会承受平台间相对运动产生的位移荷载,管道应力水平是否满足规范要求在应力分析中需要重点考虑.应用CAESAR II软件,结合旅大27-2/32-2油田开发项目栈桥管道柔性计算实例,介绍了栈桥管道应力分析的模拟方法,并根据计算结果对管道布置提出建议和进行优化,为以后栈桥管道的设计提供计算方法和参考.     

船用气水分离器静强度分析技术研究

从计算船用气水分离器静强度、静刚度的分析需要出发,建立了某型气水分离系统的有限元模型.讨论了静强度分析中,边界条件的处理方法,通过流场分析对作用于惯性级的复杂气流激励提出了等效方法,求得了系统在各工作状态下的应力危险区以及变形幅值.并由抗弯刚度的计算结果指出了设计的不足之处,为船用气水分离器的结构优化设计提供了依据.     

Stress analysis of the subsea dynamic riser baseprocess piping

Thesubsea dynamic riser base （SDRB） is an important piece of equipment for the floating production platform mooring system.One end is connected to the rigid pipeline, carrying a rigid pipeline thermal expansion load and the other end is connected to a flexible riser, carrying the dynamic load of the flexible riser, so its function is a transition connection between the flexible riser and the rigid pipeline which fixes the flexible riser on the seabed. On the other hand. as a typical subsea product, the design will satisfythe requirements of the standards for subsea products. By studying the stress analysisphilosophy of the topside piping and subsea pipeline, a physical model and procedure for piping stress analysis of the SDRB have been established.The conditions of the adverse design load have been considered, and a combination of the static load from the rigid pipeline and the dynamic load flexibility has also been optimized. And a comparative analysis between the AMSE, DNV and API standards for piping stress with the checking rules has been done.Because theSDRB belongs to the subsea pipeline terminal product, the use of DNV standards to check its process piping stress is recommended. Finally, the process piping stress of the SDRB has been calculated, and the results show that the jacket pipe and the carrier pipe stress of the SDRB process piping satisfy the DNV standards as a whole.The bulkhead cannot be accurately simulated by the AutoPIPE software which uses the FEA software ANSYS inthe detailed analysis, but the checking results will still meet the requirements of the DNV standards.     

港口石化码头清管工艺技术及应用

石化仓储企业利用港口码头中转的物料品种日益增多,为增加输送管线的灵活性,需采用清管扫线的方式对工艺管线进行清空作业。介绍了目前常用的清管作业方式,并结合工程实例对清管过程中气体介质的压力和流量计算模型进行分析,其计算结果可作为空分设备选型的依据。     

水下生产系统数据库研究

随着海洋石油工业技术的发展和海上油田水深的增加，水下生产系统已越来越受到世界各国的重视，并已被纳入世界各大石油公司的重要发展战略。在国内，水下生产系统的研制和开发尚仍属起步阶段，急需系统、全面的数据资料供相关人员查阅。为此，水下生产系统数据库首次被提出并实现。本数据库通过搜集汇总采油树、水下工艺设施、水下接头、控制系统、常用材料、工程公司、项目案例等7个方面的国内外最新相关数据资料，同时进行合理的编排、分类以及整理，最终以网页形式浏览查询。该数据库包含有水下生产系统的构成、各部分的技术要点、主要供应商、设计服务以及建造安装服务的专业公司、成功应用的案例以及成本预算等信息，为相关人员进行水下项目的可行性分析以及技术决策提供了全面、系统的数据支持。     

水下控制系统设计研究

此研究是:基于南海某水下气田开发的基本设计工作,结合规范要求,对水下控制系统的主要设计范围和设计方法进行梳理。控制系统包括了水上和水下两个部分,在生产运营中由作业者直接操作,起到保持平稳生产的重要角色。     

闭环液压系统及其对驱动器设计的影响（英文）

Hydraulic systems provide a clean and stable supply of hydraulic fluid for subsea valves and actuators installed on the subsea bed in subsea production systems.Subsea control systems are used for contemporary subsea fields instead of installing the control system on topside.Although all-electric subsea systems are state-of-the-art with benefits such as health,safety,and environment improvement,as well as efficiency and lower cost,hydraulic systems are still used for the development of many subsea fields.One of the main questions in the selection of a subsea hydraulic field is whether to choose an open or closed loop hydraulic system.The main characteristic of an open loop hydraulic system is that the hydraulic fluid is discharged into the marine environment during the actuation of the subsea valves.Conversely,the hydraulic fluid is returned to the topside facilities through an umbilical system in a closed loop system.Given that closed loop systems are more eco-friendly,the main question in this research is to examine the effect of the actuator connection of the closed loop system on actuator design.Two cases of actuated valves connected to a closed loop system are analyzed in this paper.The first is a 71/16-in.subsea slab gate valve in the pressure class of 517 bar with a linear spring return fail-safe close(FSC) actuator located on a manifold branch.The data indicates that the piston rod and cylinder diameter of the FSC linear actuator should be increased by some millimeters due to the accumulation of hydraulic oil at the bottom of the actuator.The hydraulic oil in the closed loop system helps in closing the actuator and spring force,so the spring constant and torque should be reduced as a result.The second case involves a 16-in.subsea ball valve in the pressure class of 517 bar with a double-acting fail-as-is rack and pinion actuator.The conclusion in this case is to avoid making any change in the design of double-acting actuator in connection to the closed loop system.     

深水全电采油树控制系统可靠性评估方法（英文）

The subsea all-electric Christmas tree(XT) is a key equipment in subsea production systems.Once it fails,the marine environment will be seriously polluted.Therefore,strict reliability analysis and measures to improve reliability must be performed before a subsea all-electric XT is launched;such measures are crucial to subsea safe production.A fault-tolerant control system was developed in this paper to improve the reliability of XT.A dual-factor degradation model for electrical control system components was proposed to improve the evaluation accuracy,and the reliability of the control system was analyzed based on the Markov model.The influences of the common cause failure and the failure rate in key components on the reliability and availability of the control system were studied.The impacts of mean time to repair and incomplete repair strategy on the availability of the control system were also investigated.Research results show the key factors that affect system reliability,and a specific method to improve the reliability and availability of the control system was given.This reliability analysis method for the control system could be applied to general all-electric subsea control systems to guide their safe production.     

FPSO货油系统管系应力及泵口载荷的分析改进

货油系统作为FPSO最重要的系统之一,一旦出现故障,会使整个海上油田的生产作业陷入停顿或瘫痪的状态,将造成巨大的经济损失,对其进行应力分析,指导管系布置十分必要。本文以30万吨通用型FPSO货油系统为研究对象,应用CAESARII管道应力分析软件建立分析模型,考虑极端工况的加速度、船体变形和风载荷等,对其管系一次应力、二次应力和泵口载荷进行了分析,并对管系的布置进行了优化,提高了管系布置的效率和准确性,为FPSO其他管路系统及其他船型的管系布置提供参考依据。     

基于灵敏度分析的管路系统抗冲击优化设计

运用Sobol'法、傅立叶幅值灵敏度检验扩展法和重要测度法对某管路系统进行了灵敏度分析,得到了对管路系统冲击响应影响较大的若干参数.以这些参数为设计变量,以管路最大冲击等效应力为目标变量,联合运用子问题法及扫描法对管路系统进行了抗冲击优化设计,得到了一些有益于管路系统抗冲击设计的结论.研究表明,应用基于灵敏度分析的抗冲击优化设计方法能快速判断出舰艇管路系统中不合理的设计如支撑位置、刚度等,其结果为舰艇管路系统提高抗冲击能力进行改装提供了理论支持.     

The dynamics of deep water subsea lifting operations in super-harmonic resonance via the harmonic balance method

The dynamics of deep water subsea lifting operations experiencing super-harmonic resonance is analysed in this study. The harmonic balance method is used to solve the non-dimensional equation of motion of the system and the results are compared with time domain integration and with an equivalent energy dissipation model for typical subsea lifting scenarios. It is demonstrated that 1:3 and 1:5 super-harmonic resonances represent significant features of the response of the system and can lead to large dynamic forces in the cable, which may violate the structural limits of the system in real operations. The harmonic balance method presents results almost as accurate as the time domain integration but up to 25 to 35 times faster, while the equivalent energy dissipation model is not able to represent the super-harmonic resonances. Consequently, taking into account the dynamics introduced by super-harmonic resonances is necessary in the analysis of subsea lifting operations, as it can be the limiting design criterion in certain scenarios, and the harmonic balance method can be used as a fast and accurate method to solve this problem.