海洋工程水下结构检测与清污机器人控制系统研究

针对自主研发的水下检测与清污机器人设计了一套控制系统.该系统分水面控制系统和水下控制系统两大部分,水面控制系统主要包括PC机、控制箱、脐带缆、控制摇杆等设备.水下控制系统包括嵌入式微控制器、视觉照明模块、安全保护模块、传感器模块、运动模块、供电模块等部分.并对控制系统的软件硬件进行了设计,建立了纵向和艏向动力学模型,根据ROV结构、功能特点等简化模型;设计了一种新颖的结合PID控制的约束输入输出的直接广义预测控制算法,并对水下机器人的艏向和纵向运动展开研究.仿真结果表明,该算法具有稳定性好、自适应强等优点,具有良好的控制效果.     

无人水下航行器的智能航行控制

水下无人航行器是探索未知水域的重要设备,但是传统水下无人航行器的智能航行控制系统,受到水域信号传播限制,造成智能控制范围较小,为此设计无人水下航行器的智能航行控制系统。使用水域深度变换器对智能控制器进行重新设计,根据水域深度变化进行不同方式的控制切换,优化PID控制器,改变水域信号传输方式,根据需求进行多传输方式的切换;使用粒子群算法对智能控制方式进行规划,对不同水域控制方式进行最优选择,实现航行智能控制系统设计。试验结果表明,设计的控制系统能在水下2 000 m内进行有效控制,比传统控制系统多出800 m的有效范围,因此本文设计系统具备极高的有效性。     

基于LQG/LTR的水下航行器多变量鲁棒控制

基于LQG/LTR方法对水下航行器进行多变量鲁棒控制设计,解决在模型不确定及受到随机干扰情况下水下航行器的控制设计问题,使得水下航行器控制系统具有良好的鲁棒性和动态品质.对水下航行器非线性动力学模型进行仿真实验,仿真结果验证了该方法的有效性和可行性.     

一种水下等离子体声源充放电控制系统设计

介绍一种水下等离子体声源充放电控制系统的设计方案,能为水下强声源干扰对抗控制提供一种解决途径,设计的充放电控制系统能实现对多个等离子体声源的充放电进行远程操控,并监控工作状态。控制系统设计上选取高精度器件,并采取了一系列防护措施,以适应复杂的工作条件,并满足微秒级高精度时序控制要求。     

水下混输增压泵检测控制技术应用研究

针对1500m级水下混输增压泵系统,提出水下传感器检测技术、混输泵及电机控制技术和水下阀门控制技术方案。通过试验验证水下混输增压泵整个检测控制系统的合理性、可靠性和稳定性。通过水下混输增压泵检测控制技术研究,为今后水下混输增压系统的设计和研究提供参考。     

基于电子罗盘的水下云台控制系统

海水对蓝绿光的衰减要比对其它波长的电磁波和光波的衰减小得多,因此这也成为水下光通信的物理基础。为了更好地开展水下光通信的试验,文章设计了一种可用于调整水下激光发射机姿态的控制系统。通过电子罗盘获得当前时刻系统的俯仰及横滚角度,然后通过控制系统及随动系统调整云台转到合适的位置,使得发射机处于一个较理想的姿态。该系统具有良好的人机交互界面,便于操作者对水下发射系统进行操作。     

基于模糊理论的水下机器人运动控制研究

水下机器人归属于高科技产品的范畴,它的运动过程具有非常典型的特点,强耦合、非线性、不确定性等,由此对控制系统的性能提出较高的要求。为满足水下机器人的控制需要,可对模糊控制理论加以合理运用,借助模糊控制技术,构建运动控制系统,依托该系统对水下机器人的运动过程有效控制,从而最大限度发挥出水下机器人的作用。以模糊控制的方法设计运动控制系统时,要充分考虑水下机器人的运动角度和速度,以此来确保系统的可用性,达到预期中的控制效果。     

海底电缆巡检水下机器人的模块化控制系统

为了提高海底电缆巡检水下机器人操控稳定性,进行控制系统的模块化设计,在嵌入式ARM下进行海底电缆巡检水下机器人控制系统优化设计,控制系统分为上位机模块、下位机模块、探测模块、传感信息采集模块、智能信息处理模块和通信传输模块等,将照明传感器和压力传感器置于机器人控制系统的下位机部分,进行图像和环境数据采集,对采集的海底电缆分布信息在智能信息处理模块中实现加工和判断,采用MSP430F149嵌入式控制芯片进行中央控制单元开发,上位机模块实现数据上传和远程通信,采用超低功耗16位单片机MSP430F149进行机器人控制系统的集成信息处理和控制指令传输,实现系统的硬件模块化开发。测试表明,该控制系统具有很好的水下机器人稳定性控制性能,提高对海底电缆的准确巡检能力。     

无人水下航行器分布式运动控制系统设计与仿真验证

针对传统采用RS422通信的集中式管理中心任务过重、可靠性差、抗干扰能力差等缺点,设计开发一种基于CAN总线的无人水下航行器分布式控制系统。与传统的集中式控制系统相比,该控制系统可以更容易地接入功能模块且无须对现有硬件进行重新设计,具有很好的可扩展性,并充分考虑了该航行器的安全性及可靠性问题。首先,给出分布式控制系统的构建方案,再针对核心PC104控制管理中心给出主要控制模型方法,随后通过建立空间运动方程,完成对控制系统的模型建设和控制器软硬件设计工作,并通过实验室数字仿真和半实物仿真进行验证。结果表明,该控制系统具有性能稳定、传输效率高等特点,能够满足无人水下航行器的使用要求。     

水下无人作战系统武器控制研究

水下无人作战系统将是潜艇之外最主要的水下作战平台,但它的武器控制与传统水下有人作战平台武器控制存在明显区别,在实际使用前仍面临诸多问题需要解决。本文从水下无人作战系统武器控制发展现状及其面临的技术挑战,水下无人作战系统武器控制原理和关键技术等方面对水下无人作战系统武器控制进行综合分析,可为水下无人作战系统及其武器控制系统设计和使用提供借鉴和参考。     

闭环液压系统及其对驱动器设计的影响（英文）

Hydraulic systems provide a clean and stable supply of hydraulic fluid for subsea valves and actuators installed on the subsea bed in subsea production systems.Subsea control systems are used for contemporary subsea fields instead of installing the control system on topside.Although all-electric subsea systems are state-of-the-art with benefits such as health,safety,and environment improvement,as well as efficiency and lower cost,hydraulic systems are still used for the development of many subsea fields.One of the main questions in the selection of a subsea hydraulic field is whether to choose an open or closed loop hydraulic system.The main characteristic of an open loop hydraulic system is that the hydraulic fluid is discharged into the marine environment during the actuation of the subsea valves.Conversely,the hydraulic fluid is returned to the topside facilities through an umbilical system in a closed loop system.Given that closed loop systems are more eco-friendly,the main question in this research is to examine the effect of the actuator connection of the closed loop system on actuator design.Two cases of actuated valves connected to a closed loop system are analyzed in this paper.The first is a 71/16-in.subsea slab gate valve in the pressure class of 517 bar with a linear spring return fail-safe close(FSC) actuator located on a manifold branch.The data indicates that the piston rod and cylinder diameter of the FSC linear actuator should be increased by some millimeters due to the accumulation of hydraulic oil at the bottom of the actuator.The hydraulic oil in the closed loop system helps in closing the actuator and spring force,so the spring constant and torque should be reduced as a result.The second case involves a 16-in.subsea ball valve in the pressure class of 517 bar with a double-acting fail-as-is rack and pinion actuator.The conclusion in this case is to avoid making any change in the design of double-acting actuator in connection to the closed loop system.     

国外海底管道局部屈曲研究综述

海底管道是海洋油气集输系统中最重要的组成部分之一,从铺设到服役都将承受多种载荷的作用,并可能发生局部屈曲且沿管道传播开来,由此造成严重的后果。海底管道的局部屈曲在管道安全性方面具有重要意义,已成为海底管道设计与评估中重要的内容。详细阐述了国外关于海底管道受外压、弯矩和轴力作用下的局部屈曲研究成果,论述了在单个载荷和多个载荷联合作用下的局部屈曲破坏机理,并提出了未来研究的建议。     

水下分离器管道应力分析

为了提高深水油气田的采收率,延长油气田的开发寿命,水下分离系统的研究已经成为热点,且在北海油气田项目中已经成功地应用。水下分离系统的核心是水下分离器,分离器的正常运行对于水下分离系统的安全性和可靠性具有十分重要的意义。水下分离器管道的应力分析不同于普通的平台工艺管道的分析。介绍了管道应力的基本知识,讨论了水下分离器管道应力分析的特点,校核规范的选取,以及与平台工艺管线分析方法的区别,并且应用CAESAR-Ⅱ管道应力分析软件,通过实例阐述水下分离器管道应力分析的方法和流程。     

水下生产系统数据库研究

随着海洋石油工业技术的发展和海上油田水深的增加，水下生产系统已越来越受到世界各国的重视，并已被纳入世界各大石油公司的重要发展战略。在国内，水下生产系统的研制和开发尚仍属起步阶段，急需系统、全面的数据资料供相关人员查阅。为此，水下生产系统数据库首次被提出并实现。本数据库通过搜集汇总采油树、水下工艺设施、水下接头、控制系统、常用材料、工程公司、项目案例等7个方面的国内外最新相关数据资料，同时进行合理的编排、分类以及整理，最终以网页形式浏览查询。该数据库包含有水下生产系统的构成、各部分的技术要点、主要供应商、设计服务以及建造安装服务的专业公司、成功应用的案例以及成本预算等信息，为相关人员进行水下项目的可行性分析以及技术决策提供了全面、系统的数据支持。     

The dynamics of deep water subsea lifting operations in super-harmonic resonance via the harmonic balance method

The dynamics of deep water subsea lifting operations experiencing super-harmonic resonance is analysed in this study. The harmonic balance method is used to solve the non-dimensional equation of motion of the system and the results are compared with time domain integration and with an equivalent energy dissipation model for typical subsea lifting scenarios. It is demonstrated that 1:3 and 1:5 super-harmonic resonances represent significant features of the response of the system and can lead to large dynamic forces in the cable, which may violate the structural limits of the system in real operations. The harmonic balance method presents results almost as accurate as the time domain integration but up to 25 to 35 times faster, while the equivalent energy dissipation model is not able to represent the super-harmonic resonances. Consequently, taking into account the dynamics introduced by super-harmonic resonances is necessary in the analysis of subsea lifting operations, as it can be the limiting design criterion in certain scenarios, and the harmonic balance method can be used as a fast and accurate method to solve this problem.     

水下采油树钢结构焊接残余应力消除

本文根据中国南海某气田开发项目水下采油树的应用环境及应用要求 ,对水下采油树钢结构焊接所产生的残余应力的机理、分布规律及其影响因素进行了分析,并阐述了控制水下采油树钢结构焊接残余应力的主要工艺解决措施。此基础上,将其应用于国产化备用采油树项目,满足了产品的应用要求。     

水下管汇阀门的选型和材料要求

考虑到水下管汇在深水开发中的重要性,对水下管汇阀门的选型和材料技术进行研究,结合规范要求和实际水下工程设计经验,提出水下管汇阀门的选型设计流程以及阀门材料的技术要求。     

用于预报离岸管线膨胀的简化技术（英文）

In this study, we propose a method for estimating the amount of expansion that occurs in subsea pipelines, which could be applied in the design of robust structures that transport oil and gas from offshore wells. We begin with a literature review and general discussion of existing estimation methods and terminologies with respect to subsea pipelines. Due to the effects of high pressure and high temperature, the production of fluid from offshore wells is typically caused by physical deformation of subsea structures, e.g., expansion and contraction during the transportation process. In severe cases, vertical and lateral buckling occurs,which causes a significant negative impact on structural safety, and which is related to on-bottom stability, free-span, structural collapse, and many other factors. In addition, these factors may affect the production rate with respect to flow assurance, wax, and hydration, to name a few. In this study, we developed a simple and efficient method for generating a reliable pipe expansion design in the early stage, which can lead to savings in both cost and computation time. As such, in this paper, we propose an applicable diagram, which we call the standard dimensionless ratio(SDR) versus virtual anchor length(LA) diagram, that utilizes an efficient procedure for estimating subsea pipeline expansion based on applied reliable scenarios. With this user guideline,offshore pipeline structural designers can reliably determine the amount of subsea pipeline expansion and the obtained results will also be useful for the installation, design, and maintenance of the subsea pipeline.     

深水全电采油树控制系统可靠性评估方法（英文）

The subsea all-electric Christmas tree(XT) is a key equipment in subsea production systems.Once it fails,the marine environment will be seriously polluted.Therefore,strict reliability analysis and measures to improve reliability must be performed before a subsea all-electric XT is launched;such measures are crucial to subsea safe production.A fault-tolerant control system was developed in this paper to improve the reliability of XT.A dual-factor degradation model for electrical control system components was proposed to improve the evaluation accuracy,and the reliability of the control system was analyzed based on the Markov model.The influences of the common cause failure and the failure rate in key components on the reliability and availability of the control system were studied.The impacts of mean time to repair and incomplete repair strategy on the availability of the control system were also investigated.Research results show the key factors that affect system reliability,and a specific method to improve the reliability and availability of the control system was given.This reliability analysis method for the control system could be applied to general all-electric subsea control systems to guide their safe production.     

水下清管系统现状

介绍了两种清管系统:单程清管系统和环路清管系统.通过国外一油田,分析了水下清管系统基本结构、基本原理和安装方法,提出了清管系统设计中的关键问题.