上海外滩通道超大直径土压平衡盾构施工技术

针对上海外滩通道圆隧道工程的特点及施工难点，介绍了通过采取隔离桩、土体改良以及控制盾构正面土压力等一系列有效的施工技术措施，使直径14．27m土压平衡盾构顺利下穿外滩万国建筑群及外白渡桥、轨道交通2号线、南京东路人行地道和北京东路人行地道等建（构）筑物，为今后超大直径土压盾构施工提供借鉴。     

超大直径土压平衡盾构在中心城区公路隧道中的应用技术探讨

在上海外滩公路隧道施工中,首次采用了直径为14.27 m的超大直径土压平衡盾构.文章以此为工程背景,围绕超大断面的开挖面稳定、浅覆土施工、近距离穿越运营中地铁和历史保护建筑群等诸多难题,从盾构的针对性设计、关键施工技术、构筑物保护措施等方面对超大直径土压平衡盾构的施工技术进行了详细的论述;分析了超大直径土压平衡盾构推进对周边环境的影响规律,并与常规的地铁盾构、同级别的超大直径泥水平衡盾构进行了比较,指出了超大直径土压平衡盾构的优劣;结合中国城市交通建设的发展趋势,对超大直径土压平衡盾构在城市中心区域的应用前景和进一步的研究方向进行了展望.     

超大直径土压平衡盾构近距离下穿外白渡桥施工技术

结合上海外滩通道超大直径土压平衡盾构近距离下穿外白渡桥桩基的工程施工，重点阐述了外白渡桥的保护方案比选，外滩通道工程与外白渡桥的空间关系，盾构下穿施工过程中采取的主要技术措施，以及施工监测的结果。可为今后同类型工程的建设提供借鉴。     

北京地铁十号线土压平衡盾构土体改良技术应用研究

结合北京地铁十号线一期盾构隧道工程,对土压平衡盾构土体改良技术的应用进行了系统的研究、总结,提出了土压平衡盾构施工的主要问题和施工中采取的主要措施和关键技术,分析了新型泥浆土体改良技术、气泡土体改良技术、泡沫和膨胀土泥浆相结合的土体改良技术等的作用机理和特点,指出了土压平衡盾构土体改良的重要性和目前的研究现状.     

上海外滩隧道工程大直径盾构出洞施工技术概述

本文通过对上海外滩隧道工程盾构出洞试验段施工技术的分析和总结,详细介绍了大直径土压平衡盾构出洞技术参数的确定和盾构掘进过程的控制,所形成的施工经验对盾构后续穿越外白渡桥和外滩万国建筑群奠定了良好的基础,确保了外滩隧道工程的顺利进行。     

土压平衡盾构施工中泡沫改良圆砾地层试验研究

随着我国城市地铁的讯速发展,盾构法隧道开挖得到了广泛的应用。土压平衡盾构在圆砾、卵石地层中施工出现了许多问题,如动态土压平衡难以形成、刀盘扭矩过大、刀盘和刀具磨损过快等,最有效的解决方法是土体改良。文章通过研制可以改变泡沫性能参数的新型发泡装置,全面研究泡沫的性能,为科学使用泡沫提供依据。在盾构开挖的圆砾地层中钻井取样,利用泡沫进行改良,通过塌落度试验获得泡沫对圆砾塑流性(塑性流动性)影响的实验规律,得到适合土压平衡盾构施工的最优泡沫注入比。     

南京砂岩地层盾构掘进中的土体改良技术

为了确保土压平衡盾构在砂岩地层中能够顺利施工,需将砂岩土体改良成具有良好的塑性流动性、较低渗透性以及较小内摩擦角的土体,通常采用的方法是在开挖面及土仓内注入各种土体改良剂。介绍了南京轨交禄口机场线某段区间隧道工程添加泡沫剂的土体改良方法。通过对土质的分析、泡沫剂改良土体的室内实验,确定了该工程采用泡沫剂的施工参数,从而确保土压平衡盾构在砂岩地层中的顺利施工。     

城市大直径盾构隧道上方深基坑工程研究与实践

文章以上海外滩通道上跨延安东路隧道工程为背景,分析了在大直径盾构隧道上方进行深基坑开挖的特点,提出了大直径隧道上跨工程的研究方法和研究思路,并针对隧道保护指标、变形控制措施、隧道变形规律等几个关键点进行了深入的探讨和研究;最后结合外滩通道上跨延安东路隧道的工程实践对部分研究结论进行了验证.     

富水砂卵石地层土压平衡盾构隧道碴土改良试验研究

文章以成都地铁3号线盾构隧道工程为背景,进行针对性的富水砂卵石地层碴土改良试验。通过室内试验研究,得出改良剂的合理浓度配比以及在不同含水率条件下泡沫改良的优化掺入比范围。在现场试验中,使用盾构主要参数作为间接评价碴土改良效果的指标,分析了在保证土体改良剂质量的前提下,采用泡沫剂+水在稍密卵石和中密卵石为主的富水砂卵石地层中进行碴土改良的可行性。运用三维有限元数值模拟进一步验证了其室内和现场碴土改良试验结果,得出的盾构隧道碴土改良剂优化配比值以及主要掘进参数值,可为类似在建和拟建工程提供参考。     

土压平衡盾构施工中红粘土土体改良试验研究

红粘土是一种特殊土,具有高液塑限、高粘聚力、富含粘土矿物以及复杂的微观结构等特点。土压平衡盾构在穿越红粘土地层过程中,常遇到刀盘结泥饼、土舱闭塞、排土不畅等问题。为此,文章以武汉市雄楚大道新建高压电力通道工程土压平衡盾构掘进穿越红粘土地层为背景,研制了一种由阴离子表面活性剂A、非离子表面活性剂B和抗粘添加剂C复配而成的新型改良添加剂,通过性能试验、搅拌试验、坍落度试验、稠度试验、液塑限联合测定试验评价了土体改良的效果,得到了含水率为40%及改良剂注入率为30%的理想土体改良指标。通过对比试验表明,研制的新型改良剂对红粘土土体的改良效果较好,所得结果可为红粘土地层盾构施工中的土体改良提供参考。最后文章分析了添加剂改良红粘土的机理,得出红粘土遇水易膨胀、易泥化、强粘滞性是盾构施工过程中"结泥饼"的根本原因。     

意大利岩土控制变形(ADECO-RS)工法简介

岩土控制变形(ADECO-RS)工法,是一种系统的全断面机械化开挖的隧道设计、施工技术。该工法被意大利公路及铁路领域纳入规范并且被广泛采用,欧洲国家的大型项目施工也较多地采用此工法。文章系统地介绍了其以控制掌子面超前核心土变形为手段的主要理念、施工原则及施工方法。     

Analysis on Ground Surface Deformation and Influence of Construction Parameters Caused by Two Different Shield Machines in Double-tube Tunnelling北大核心CSCD

Based on a shield-driven running tunnel project of Hangzhou Metro Line 2, this paper carries out field measuring of the ground surface deformation caused by two different shield machines in double-tube tunnelling in soft soil areas, obtains the laws of the surface deformation caused by shield-driven double-tube tunnelling and verifies the applicability of the modified Peck formula to double-tube tunnelling. The results show that in soft soil areas the impacts on ground surface deformation caused by different shield construction parameters in the previously and subsequently excavated tunnels are different, while the surface deformation changes sharply before and after the shield machine passing through the cutting face, and a rebound phenomenon occurs when the shield tail passes through the cutting face due to the influence of the grouting; The cutterhead torque of the shield machine in soft soil areas can be composed of five calculation factors, and the calculation results are in good agreement with the measured values. The larger the opening rate of the shield cutterhead is, the larger the average torque value will be, the higher the percentage of large ground loss rate will be, and the larger the maximum ground surface settlement will be; The ratio of cutterhead torque T to mucking volume per ring Q is used as the control parameter for analyzing the ground surface settlement, and a certain positive correlation between the ratio and the surface settlement value is determined, the smaller the cutterhead opening rate is, the more accurate the fitting results will be. © 2022, Editorial Office of "Modern Tunnelling Technology". All right reserved.     

Applying the Rasch measurement to explore elderly passengers' abilities and difficulties when using buses in Taipei

This study developed an approach for measuring elderly passengers' abilities and to explore their difficulties in accomplishing the actions and motions required to patronize the bus service. A conceptual framework about the required actions and motions in bus‐taking was established and a questionnaire with 18 items was designed to test their ability to use buses. A face‐to‐face survey was conducted to collect self‐rated information from 304 elderly bus passengers in Taipei. The Rasch model was applied to estimate the difficulty of each item and the ability of each person to use a bus. Results showed the relatively difficult items primarily involved keeping balance on the moving bus, reading the posted information at the station, and recognizing the buses approaching the stations; the levels of physical ability were negatively associated with the respondent's age. Suggestions are made based on improving the facilities or services to help the elderly passengers achieve the necessary actions or motions for using the bus service. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

浅覆土砂层土压平衡盾构始发掘进对环境的影响分析

盾构始发和到达安全掘进控制技术是困扰盾构隧道施工的主要难题之一。盾构进出洞施工中,面临掌子面失稳、土体坍塌、涌水涌砂、地表沉陷、盾构"抬头及磕头"等诸多施工风险。本文从基坑及隧道的破坏模式,塑性区分布范围出发,通过有限差分法针对易受扰动的浅埋砂层地层盾构始发段进行了研究,为加固区范围大小的选择提供了依据。研究表明,在不采取加固措施时,基坑开挖后隧道始发段的竖向位移、拱底的隆起和最大纵向挤出变形量均过大,显示基坑将发生坍塌等破坏。当盾构始发段主要加固措施为旋喷桩,加固后的土体的物理参数得到了显著的提升。本文在此基础上得出了旋喷桩的合理加固区域。     

宜巴高速公路界岭隧道横洞进正洞挑顶施工方案比选

宜巴高速公路界岭隧道施工中,由于复杂的地质状况和处理坍塌历时过长,整个隧道工程严重滞后建设项目工期。因此,决定增设横洞,从横洞向正洞掘进,增加主洞工作面,以满足项目建设进度要求。文章详细介绍了增设横洞两种方案的施工工艺,在技术可行、经济合理基础上,针对界岭隧道横洞垂直贯穿进入正洞和曲线渐变过渡施工转入正洞的施工方案进行了分析对比。     

浅析盾构隧道模型试验的现状与发展

模型试验是盾构隧道相关研究工作中常用的研究手段。文章对目前盾构隧道模型试验所涉及到的问题进行了系统总结分析,将其归结为管片结构的受力问题、隧道结构本身的分析模型问题、结构与围岩的相互作用问题、开挖面稳定问题、结构与邻近结构物的相互作用问题、隧道施工扰动与控制问题,以及其他问题等。通过典型模型试验实例,对每类问题进行了分析阐述,系统归纳了模型试验在盾构隧道相关研究工作中的进展和成果。针对盾构隧道模型试验经常涉及到的诸如结构模型、模型土、模型箱等材料的选择,加载方案的设计,以及试验方案的综合设计等问题进行了阐述分析,并针对性地提出了意见和建议。     

隧道掌子面与溶洞安全距离分析

岩溶地区隧道开挖掌子面前方存在的大型溶洞对施工的威胁非常大,如何确定开挖掌子面前方合理的岩盘安全厚度,并及时进行超前支护或对溶洞进行处理,是岩溶隧道施工中必须解决的一个关键技术问题。文章通过数值模拟和理论计算,对隧道掌子面与溶洞安全距离的影响因素进行了分析研究,建立了预测隧道掌子面前方岩盘安全厚度的计算方法(经验类比法、理论计算法、数值分析法)及计算图式,给出了安全距离计算公式并进行了工程实例分析。     

Comprehensive Evaluation of the Intelligent Degree of the Mining Face Based on Grey Relational Analysis北大核心CSCD

In order to further evaluate the intelligent degree of the coal mining face scientifically and reasonably, this paper constructs a gray relational analysis based comprehensive evaluation model for the intelligent degree of mining face by deeply analyzing the influencing factors on the intelligent degree of mining face, such as surrounding rock detection, mining equipment, production system, supporting production system, organization and management, etc. By quantifying and scoring factors affecting the intelligence degree of mining face, using the hierarchical analysis method to obtain the weights and determine the correlations, the intelligence degrees of mining face are classified into four levels: excellent, good, medium and poor. Using the comprehensive evaluation model to empirically verify the 802 working face of Shaanxi Huangling Mining Co., Ltd., the calculated correlation is 0.765 8, which indicates that the intelligent degree of 802 working face is excellent according to the rating criteria, and it is consistent with the actual situation. Therefore, the comprehensive evaluation model based on gray relational analysis can accurately and objectively evaluate the intelligent degree of the mining face. © 2022, Editorial Office of "Modern Tunnelling Technology". All right reserved.     

Modeling learning and adaptation processes in activity-travel choice A framework and numerical experiment

This paper develops a framework for modeling dynamic choice based on a theory of reinforcement learning and adaptation. According to this theory, individuals develop and continuously adapt choice rules while interacting with their environment. The proposed model framework specifies required components of learning systems including a reward function, incremental action value functions, and action selection methods. Furthermore, the system incorporates an incremental induction method that identifies relevant states based on reward distributions received in the past. The system assumes multi-stage decision making in potentially very large condition spaces and can deal with stochastic, non-stationary, and discontinuous reward functions. A hypothetical case is considered that combines route, destination, and mode choice for an activity under time-varying conditions of the activity schedule and road congestion probabilities. As it turns out, the system is quite robust for parameter settings and has good face validity. We therefore argue that it provides a useful and comprehensive framework for modeling learning and adaptation in the area of activity-travel choice.