基于仿生学的四足行走机构优化设计

提出了一种仿生的四足行走机构设计方法,将单条腿分解为驱动机构和腿机构,利用数学模型对两个机构的结合点处的运动轨迹进行拟合和优化,在此基础上进行了足端的轨迹优化及运动特性分析.结果表明,整体机构能够完成预定的设计目标,机构运动速度及加速度轨迹比较合理,对角小跑型步态整体机构的运动模拟也能够实现.     

基于仿生学的四足行走机构优化设计

提出了一种仿生的四足行走机构设计方法,将单条腿分解为驱动机构和腿机构,利用数学模型对两个机构的结合点处的运动轨迹进行拟合和优化,在此基础上进行了足端的轨迹优化及运动特性分析．结果表明,整体机构能够完成预定的设计目标,机构运动速度及加速度轨迹比较合理,对角小跑型步态整体机构的运动模拟也能够实现．     

压电陶瓷驱动微小型机器人的运动分析与仿真

为满足桌面工厂对机器人在平面内大行程、高精度和全方位运动的要求,研制了一种压电陶瓷驱动的微小型机器人.该机器人采用stick-and-slip运动原理,通过压电陶瓷和电磁铁的配合动作,在铁磁性工作表面上实现了前进、后退、左转、右转和原地旋转运动.在假设平行配置的压电陶瓷驱动器在每一步的运动过程中保持平行基础上,分析了一步运动中机器人的4个支撑脚的坐标变化情况,进而推导出在该条件下反映机器人位姿变化的运动学差分模型.计算结果显示,机器人直线运动最大步长为0.042 0 mm,旋转运动最大偏转角度为0.185°/步.通过开环轨迹控制、点-点位姿控制和路径跟踪闭环控制实验,验证了机器人应用于桌面工厂时的可行性.     

仿人形机器人运动的自适应控制

用Danevit-Hartenberg坐标变换法推导了仿人机器人的动力学与运动学方程,建立了仿人机器人的广义雅可比矩阵.设计了自适应控制器,以保证该仿人机器人系统的渐近稳定.给出了该机器人在做高难度舞蹈动作时各关节的运动轨迹以及仿真截图.结果验证了该方法的可行性和有效性.     

基于神经元PID的水下机器人自动升沉补偿液压系统设计

针对母船的升沉运动会影响到带缆遥控水下机器人的安全作业和收放功能,提出了利用液压绞车进行水下机器人自动升沉补偿的方案.设计了带缆遥控水下机器人升沉补偿液压系统,控制系统采用了神经元自适应PID控制算法.并在Matlab中进行了仿真,仿真结果表明,该系统能够较好的实现水下机器人的升沉补偿运动.     

工业机器人单目双视的应用研究

工业机器人单目双视系统充分利用机器人位姿便于调整的优势,在机器人带动摄像机一起运动过程中,对包含工件的场景进行多次图像采集,实现目标点三维坐标的识别。论文介绍了机器人摄像机的非线性快速补偿算法的定标原理,给出了机器人单目双视三维检测实验。单目双视结合工业机器人控制软件,可使工业机器人能实时调整运动轨迹也可对工件进行非接触测量,提高了工业机器人的适应性和灵活性。     

舰船过驳6自由度波浪补偿机器人仿真研究

提出一种对舰船过驳进行6自由度波浪补偿的机器人,对该机器人进行了运动学建模、优化设计,并进行了仿真。研究结果表明:该优化的补偿机器人可以实现舰船过驳6自由度的波浪补偿,为舰船过驳波浪运动实现6个自由度的完全补偿提供了可能。     

Delphi环境下PMAC数据实时采集和显示

为了实现对运动轨迹模拟系统中的运动信息实时采集和显示,在研究Win32应用程序与PMAC之间通讯原理和PMAC数据采集方式的基础上,提出了利用Delphi实现PMAC数据的实时采集和显示.在运动轨迹模拟系统中利用该技术,获得了很好的效果.     

Delphi环境下PMAC数据实时采集和显示

为了实现对运动轨迹模拟系统中的运动信息实时采集和显示,在研究W in32应用程序与PMAC之间通讯原理和PMAC数据采集方式的基础上,提出了利用Delph i实现PMAC数据的实时采集和显示.在运动轨迹模拟系统中利用该技术,获得了很好的效果.     

四链夹持式注入头的锥齿轮同步机构的设计与分析

针对四链夹持式注入头的四链同步运动问题,设计了一种锥齿轮同步机构,该机构通过锥齿轮间的相互作用间接地调节驱动液压马达输出功率来实现链条的同步运动.分别采用理论分析与仿真分析的方法对锥齿轮同步机构的关键部件进行了结构与强度分析.考虑到同步机构在装配中最后一组锥齿轮装配难的问题,设计了一种适合该机构的装配方案.该同步机构具有结构紧凑、运行稳定、传动精度高、使用寿命长、维护方便等优点.     

A dynamic model of an underwater quadruped walking robot using Kane’s method

In this paper, the kinematics and dynamics of an underwater quadruped walking robot were derived based on Kane dynamic equations. This methodology allows construction of the dynamic model simply and incrementally. The velocity and angular velocity components of an underwater quadruped walking robot were served as the generalized velocities. The forces which contribute to dynamics of an underwater quadruped walking robot were determined by Kane＇s approach. The equations of hydrodynamic forces of an underwater quadruped walking robot were deduced. Hydrodynamic coefficients were determined by experiments. The dynamic model was established by obtaining the generalized active forces and the generalized inertia forces. Numerical simulations of the walking behavior on underwater flat ground were implemented to verify the dynamic model of an underwater quadruped walking robot. Simulation results show that the dynamic model is correct.     

Dynamic Simulation Analysis of Humanoid Robot Walking System Based on ADAMS

Humanoid robots are a hot topic in the field of robotics research. The walking system is the critical part of the humanoid robot, and the dynamic simulation of the walking system is of great importance. In this paper, the stability of the walking system and the rationality of its structural design are considered in the study of dynamics for a humanoid robot. The dynamic model of humanoid robot walking system is established by using the Lagrange dynamics method. Additionally, the three-dimensional model of CATIA is imported into ADAMS. The humanoid robot walking system is added with the movement of the deputy and the driving force in the ADAMS.The torque and angular velocity of the ankle joint and hip joint are analyzed in the process of knee bends. The simulation results show that the overall performance of the humanoid robot walking system is favorable and has a smooth movement, and the specified actions can be completed, which proves the rationality of the humanoid robot walking system design.     

Mobile Robot Hierarchical Simultaneous Localization and Mapping Using Monocular Vision

A hierarchical mobile robot simultaneous localization and mapping (SLAM) method that allows us to obtain accurate maps was presented. The local map level is composed of a set of local metric feature maps that are guaranteed to be statistically independent. The global level is a topological graph whose arcs are labeled with the relative location between local maps. An estimation of these relative locations is maintained with local map alignment algorithm, and more accurate estimation is calculated through a global minimization procedure using the loop closure constraint. The local map is built with Rao-Blackwellised particle filter (RBPF), where the particle filter is used to extending the path posterior by sampling new poses. The landmark position estimation and update is implemented through extended Kalman filter (EKF). Monocular vision mounted on the robot tracks the 3D natural point landmarks, which are structured with matching scale invariant feature transform (SIFT) feature pairs. The matching for multi-dimension SIFT features is implemented with a KD-tree in the time cost of O(lbN). Experiment results on Pioneer mobile robot in a real indoor environment show the superior performance of our proposed method.     

机器人焊割柱管相贯线的路径规划研究

近年来,柱管接管相贯线接缝焊割由传统的手工焊逐渐被焊割机器人操作所代替。本文建立了圆锥、球体与柱管相贯线的一般化数学模型,并将空间相贯线展成平面曲线,利用等步长原理获取焊割轨迹的路径点。为保证焊割精度,步长的数值由输入的允许插补误差值经计算获得。文中还给出了柱管相贯线获取焊割路径点的流程图。此方法方便了焊割程序的编制,提高了工作效率,同时又保证了焊割的平稳性和精确性。最后给出了一个常见的柱管相贯实例,利用Matlab软件编程得到了其相贯线焊割路径点。     

A real-time collision-free path planning of a rust removal robot using an improved neural network

In this paper, a real-time collision-free path planning of the rust removal robot in a ship environment is proposed, which is based on an improved biologically inspired neural network algorithm. This improved algorithm is based on the biologically inspired neural network and modified with obstacle detection sensors and kinematic state templates, and is implemented in a ship rust removal robot planning system for dynamic trajectory generation. The real-time optimal trajectory is generated by the biologically inspired neural network, and the moving obstacle detection process of a ship robot working on the wall is simulated with the obstacle detection sensors models. The local real-time trajectory can be re-planned by the updated local map information, where the obstacle detection sensors are used to inspect partial environment information and update the robot nearby information in real time in the original neural network algorithm. At the same time, the method of the kinematic state templates matching and searching is used to solve the pipes’ influence of the rust removal robot climbing on the wall, which can not only provide a smooth path, but also can judge the motion direction and turning angle of the robot. Comparison of the proposed approach with the simulation shows that the improved algorithm is capable of planning a real-time collision-free path with achieving the local environmental information and judging the rust removal robot’s motion direction and turning angle. This proposed algorithm can be good used in the ship rust removal robot.     

智能电动车弯曲道路场景中的避障路径规划

为研究智能电动车在弯曲道路场景下进行避障规划的有效性, 提出了一种将笛卡尔坐标系转换为曲线坐标系的方法, 利用5次贝塞尔曲线对弯曲道路场景中的车道线进行逼近得到参考路径, 通过对参考路径进行弧长参数化, 以弧长为横坐标, 横向偏移为纵坐标的方法建立曲线坐标系, 根据车辆和子目标点在曲线坐标系中的位置关系, 采用3次多项式实时生成候选路径, 利用序列二次规划算法对候选路径进行优化; 为验证所提算法的有效性, 以某智能电动车为平台, 利用单目相机、64线激光雷达、工控机等设备搭建试验车, 通过Apollo平台对车辆在弯曲道路场景中的避障算法进行在线仿真, 在园区实车试验中对避障算法进行了GPS位置误差和航向角累计误差分析。研究结果表明: 在曲线坐标系中进行车辆弯曲道路场景下的避障路径规划, 能有效地描述规划路径曲率半径、车辆中心位置偏移车道线距离等信息, 容易确定自身车辆的可行驶区域、前方障碍物位置信息, 从而生成最优路径; 在园区场景的避障过程中, GPS位置误差发生在初始点、转弯点以及避障点, 最大误差为0.15 m, 航向角累计误差为12°, 突然增大的弯道位置误差主要由车辆姿态瞬时改变及障碍物匹配过程引起, 但是误差都能够很好地控制在一定范围之内, 利用曲线坐标系解决弯曲道路场景中的避障路径规划是可行的。      

视觉伺服机器人视界内的直接路径规划

建立了GRB-400单目视觉伺服机器人的图像雅可比矩阵，针对此动态双环系统设计了控制算法使视觉伺服闭环运动控制系统稳定．根据视觉伺服闭环运动控制系统的需要，提出了最速下降法与惩罚函数法相结合的平面规划方法,在机器人的视界内解决一定时间内最小能量的路径规划问题．仿真与实验结果表明。机器人根据在其视觉范围内的目标物体的位置即可采用上述方法确定优化的路径。     

一种新的基于LPMD的散射路径识别算法

NLOS（non-line-of-sight）非视距误差是地面无线定位的主要误差来源.为了从NLOS散射信号中识别出单次散射路径和多次散射路径,提出了一种新的基于LPMD（line-of-possible-mobile-device）目标可能位置线的识别算法.该算法以所有LPMD线的交点来计算初步参考点位置,并通过距离初步参考点较远的一部分交点对剩余较近的交点做负期望补偿,以修正参考点的位置,同时使用参考点到各LPMD线的直线距离来构造散射路径类型判决表达式,进行单/多次散射路径判决.在不同的仿真参数条件下,分别对普通场景和特殊场景进行了散射路径识别仿真实验,结果表明,当侦测站和目标点之间的距离达到4 km时,本文算法的虚警和漏警概率分别只有3%和9%,比原有基于LPMD算法的分别降低了21%和8%.      

单向EMC层合板折叠变形时纤维微屈曲解

Francis等对单向形状记忆聚合物复合材料（EMC）层合板在热激活温度下的折叠变形过程建立了理论分析模型，研究结果表明：在板的整个弯曲过程都存在半波长，且其值恒定不变．实际上，小曲率条件下纤维的微屈曲还没有发生，半波长根本不存在．本文指出其研究中的不足并加以完善．结果表明：纤维微屈曲半波长与板的弯曲曲率之间的关系曲线可分为两个阶段，在小曲率阶段，因超出模型的适用范围被视为无效曲线；在大于小曲率的阶段，随着曲率的增加，半波长趋于稳定，同时该曲线能初步识别出模型的适用与非适用曲率范围．事实表明所提出的改进结果更加符合FMr屋全柏酌弯曲空际     

Depth Camera-Based Robot-Assisted Ultrasonic Lipolysis System

With many advantages such as non-invasive,safe and quick effect,focused ultrasound lipolysis stands out among many fat-removing methods.However,during the whole process,the doctor needs to hold the ultra-sound transducer and press it on the patient's skin with a large pressure for a long time;thus the probability of muscle and bone damage for doctors is greatly increased.To reduce the occurrence of doctors' occupational diseases,a depth camera-based ultrasonic lipolysis robot system is proposed to realize robot-assisted automatic ultrasonic lipolysis operation.The system is composed of RealSense depth camera,KUKA LBR Med seven-axis robotic arm,PC host,and ultrasonic lipolysis instrument.The whole operation includes two parts:preoperative planning and intraoperative operation.In preoperative planning,the treatment area is selected in the camera image by the doctor;then the system automatically plans uniformly distributed treatment points in the treat-ment area.At the same time,the skin normal vector is calculated to determine the end posture of the robot,so that the ultrasound transducer can be pressed down in the normal direction of skin.During the intraoperative operation,the robot is controlled to arrive at the treatment point in turn.Meanwhile,the patient's movement can be detected by the depth camera,and the path of robot is adjusted in real time so that the robot can track the movement of patient,thereby ensuring the accuracy of the ultrasonic lipolysis operation.Finally,the human body model experiment is conducted.The results show that the maximum error of the robot operation is within 5 mm,average error is 3.1 mm,and the treatment points of the robot operation are more uniform than those of manual operation.Therefore,the system can replace the doctor and achieve autonomous ultrasonic lipolysis to reduce the doctor's labor intensity.