对转舵桨水动力性能理论分析

为了对对转舵桨水动力性能进行计算分析,文章采用低阶速度势面元法建立了对转舵桨水动力性能理论迭代预报模型。对转舵桨的前桨、后桨和吊舱单元之间的相互扰动通过诱导速度来考虑,诱导速度由面元法计算获得。为了对对转舵桨性能进行对比分析,文中采用同样的预报模型对相应常规单桨水动力性能进行了计算,该单桨与对转舵桨在设计工况下能够提供相同的推力。实例计算结果表明,在提供相同推力的条件下,对转舵桨相对单桨收到功率可降低8.03%。与单桨相比,对转舵桨尾流周向诱导速度明显减小,其尾流旋转能量得到有效回收。     

组合式推进器干扰特性敞水试验评估分析新方法研究

以由导管、前置定子和转子构成的组合推进器敞水性能为研究对象,运用因子分析理论和分解试验方法,分析并建立了组合推进器各部件水动力相互干扰特征和敞水效率的表达与测量方法.针对CSSRC若干现存试验方案的试验数据,采用回归分析和方差分析方法,分析并建立了各种敞水性能评价指标与设计参数之间的相关关系,明确了对转子敞水效率有显著影响的设计参数仅仅是其负荷系数,而对相互干扰综合评价指标影响显著的仅仅是三个几何参数:导管出口面积比、前置定子特征安装角和转子特征螺距角.对典型情况下的敏感度和极值进行了分析,最终推荐该类组合推进器敞水性能的主参数优化策略为:先优化各部件的推力负荷分配,再优化部件之间的相互干扰特性.计算结果表明,与单独螺旋桨推进器相比,在同样的推力负荷下,干扰特性优化可使组合推进器敞水效率大幅度地提高.     

基于CFD的拖式吊舱推进器斜流状态下数值模拟

采用FLUENT软件计算了某拖式吊舱推进器在直航以及斜流状态下的水动力性能.采用滑移面网格方法以模拟桨叶、支架、以及舱体之间的非定常干扰.文中首先计算了直航时不同进速系数下的桨叶推力系数、扭矩系数,并与实验结果进行了对比.计算了在不同斜流角(15°、30°、45°)、不同载荷系数时桨叶本身的推力系数、扭矩系数、侧向力系数与直航时(0°)的比较.文中还讨论了支架、舱体在直航以及不同斜流角时的侧向力问题,并将其大小与桨叶本身产生的侧向力进行了比较,部分计算结果与已有的实验值进行了比较、分析.     

水下潜器系统导管螺旋桨水动力特性及周围流场分布预报与分析

运用计算流体力学方法对水下潜器系统中导管螺旋桨在水下潜器转艏运动中螺旋桨周围的水动力现象进行观察,对在这样的工况下导管螺旋桨周围流场特征、进速、诱导速度、推力沿盘面和桨叶径向的分布,以及螺旋桨所发出的推力与螺旋桨周围流场之间的关系进行观察。计算结果表明:在一定的螺旋桨转速条件下,进速越小,螺旋桨所发出的推力也越大;由于导管出口处激发出的梢泄涡作用,导致盘面后叶梢附近轴向诱导速度降低、压力增大,该处叶面与叶背之间的压差也随之增大;螺旋桨的推力沿桨叶径向的分布呈现出半径越大,所产生的推力也越大的特点。     

带有推力鳍的吊舱推进器水动力性能研究

本文使用FLUENT软件对拖式吊舱推进器的水动力性能进行分析。由于涉及到螺旋桨、桨毂和舱体、支架的相互干扰问题,本文采用多参考系模型来进行相互干扰平均效果的计算。本文计算不同进速系数下普通吊舱推进器的推力系数、扭矩系数,与实验数据进行对比,并绘制敞水性能曲线。同时提出了几种带有推力鳍的吊舱推进器,对其进行了水动力性能计算,并与普通吊舱推进器的水动力性能进行比较,本文最后分析推力鳍对吊舱推进器水动力性能的影响。     

扭矩平衡式水下机器人推进器研究

某些水下机器人横向尺度较小,往往与其主推螺旋桨直径处于同一量级;螺旋桨旋转所带来的扭矩会使机器人产生明显的横倾;所以,在水下机器人的推进器设计过程中就必须考虑保持机器人的纵向稳定性.该文就此问题提出了一种集成式扭矩平衡推进器,该推进器利用与保护导管相连的后置定子产生反扭矩来平衡螺旋桨旋转产生的扭矩,导管、导管支架、定子与驱动主机集成为一体,推进器整体无扭矩输出,通用性强.此后给出了推进器的理论设计方法及过程,应用面元法理论对所设计推进器进行了水动力性能计算分析.最后讨论了定子各参数对推进器性能的影响.     

Experimental study of controlling tip clearance flow in a pump-jet propulsor北大核心CSCD

[Objective]This paper aims to suppress the adverse effects of tip clearance flow on the hydrodynamic performance and unsteady excitation force of a pump-jet propulsor. [Method]As for the pre-swirl stator pump-jet propulsor, an annular flexible seal structure closely matched with a rotor tip ring is used to study the validity of suppressing the clearance flow on the rotor tip. The rotor thrust and torque of the propulsor are measured by keeping the shroud approximately rigidly fixed, enabling the rotor open water efficiency to be obtained. In addition, the point of cavitation inception at each design condition is observed and recorded carefully with the help of a high-power stroboscope, and the cavitation inception curves of the propulsor with/without tip clearance are obtained through calculation. Finally, tests of shaft vibration acceleration on the pump-jet propulsor with/without tip clearance are conducted under conditions of cavitation and non-cavitation in order to evaluate the effects of diminishing tip clearance. [Results]The results show that the thrust and torque of the rotor of the pump-jet propulsor with a flexible seal structure are significantly increased, which in turn renders open water efficiency significantly increased at low and medium advance coefficients, unchanged near the design point and slightly decreased at the high advance coefficient. Moreover, the cavitation performance of the pump-jet propulsor without clearance is better at a wide range of advance coefficient, 0.85 相似文献   

鳍对拖式吊舱推进器水动力性能的影响

为研究鳍的影响,建立了吊舱推进器的水动力性能的计算模型.计算了吊舱推进器安装和不安装鳍时的水动力性能,螺旋桨与吊舱及鳍之间的相互影响通过迭代计算加以考虑.采用基于速度势的基本积分微分方程,并采用双曲面元以消除面元间的间隙.采用Newton-Raphson迭代求解压力分布使得桨叶的随边满足压力库塔条件,用柳泽的方法求得物体表面的速度分布以避免数值求导的奇异性.无鳍.单鳍和双鳍的吊舱推进器水动力性能计算结果表明,附加鳍时吊舱推进器的螺旋桨推力增加,由于鳍上产生推力导致吊舱阻力减小.附加双鳍时的吊舱推进器水动力性能最好,附加单鳍时次之,无鳍时最低.     

L型吊舱式推进器直线运动和非设计工况下水动力性能的试验研究（英文）

Experimental tests were conducted to evaluate the hydrodynamic performance of an L-type podded propulsor in straight-ahead motion and off-design conditions using an open-water measuring instrument developed by the authors for podded propulsors, a ship model towing tank, and under water particle image velocimetry(PIV) measurement systems. Under the three types of conditions, the main parameters of an L-type podded propulsor were measured, including the propeller thrust and torque, as well as the thrust, side force, and moment of the whole pod unit. In addition, the flow field on the section between the propeller and the strut was analyzed. Experimental results demonstrate that the dynamic azimuthing rate and direction and the turning direction affect the forces on the propeller and the whole pod unit. Forces are asymmetrically distributed between the left and right azimuthing directions because of the effect of propeller rotation. The findings of this study provide a foundation for further research on L-type podded propulsors.     

浸没式喷水推进自航试验及数值模拟

浸没式喷水推进器与船体高度融合,难以通过试验的方法测量推进器各部件受力,因此文中采用船模水池试验和数值模拟相结合的方法来分析浸没式喷水推进的水动力特点。该文首先开展了船模拖曳阻力试验,测量了船模阻力、纵倾角及重心升沉。然后开展船模自航试验,测量了船模纵倾角、升沉及轴的转速、力矩、推力等数据。基于CFX软件,对拖曳阻力试验及船模自航试验进行了数值模拟。在四个不同航速下的数值模拟中,阻力计算误差在3.7%以内,轴推力计算误差在2.7%以内,轴力矩计算误差在4.6%以内,试验测量值和CFD预报值吻合较好。通过数值模拟可以进一步得到浸没式喷水推进器上各部件的受力情况,泵的流量、扬程及其它流场信息,克服了浸没式喷水推进器推力测量和流场测量的困难。     

导管螺旋桨的推力、进速与诱导速度沿盘面的分布特征

运用计算流体力学方法对在不同工况中导管螺旋螺旋桨的推力、转矩以及螺旋桨周围的流场特性进行观察,对导管螺旋桨盘面处的进速、诱导速度的沿盘面的分布以及螺旋桨所发出的推力与周围速度场之间的关系进行分析。计算结果表明,由于导管出口处激发出的下游尾涡作用,螺旋桨推力、转矩、盘面的进速以及诱导速度分量的时域过程表现出了一种多次峰谷值振荡变化的动力学特征;轴向进速是影响螺旋桨推力、转矩变化的主要因素。     

Experimental study on hydrodynamics of L-type podded propulsor in straight-ahead motion and off-design conditions

Experimental tests were conducted to evaluate the hydrodynamic performance of an L-type podded propulsor in straight-ahead motion and off-design conditions using an open-water measuring instrument developed by the authors for podded propulsors, a ship model towing tank, and under water particle image velocimetry (PIV) measurement systems. Under the three types of conditions, the main parameters of an L-type podded propulsor were measured, including the propeller thrust and torque, as well as the thrust, side force, and moment of the whole pod unit. In addition, the flow field on the section between the propeller and the strut was analyzed. Experimental results demonstrate that the dynamic azimuthing rate and direction and the turning direction affect the forces on the propeller and the whole pod unit. Forces are asymmetrically distributed between the left and right azimuthing directions because of the effect of propeller rotation. The findings of this study provide a foundation for further research on L-type podded propulsors.     

吊舱推进器定常水动力性能计算

采用FLUENT软件进行拖式吊舱推进器水动力性能的计算,将整体计算域划分为三个区域进行从而达到合理减少计算网格的目的。对于吊舱推进器的整体计算由于涉及到转子/定子物体的相互干扰问题,文中在模拟相互干扰平均效果的定常情况计算中,采用混合面模型进行。对计算方法及边界条件的设置进行了详细介绍。讨论了两种壁面函数对计算结果的影响。计算了不同进速系数下吊舱推进器的推力系数、扭矩系数。采用四套网格进行了吊舱推进器水动力性能计算的比较分析,给出了详细的计算网格参数。分析了计算网格数对吊舱推进器理论预报精度的影响。     

导管式推进器非定常性能数值计算方法研究

基于滑移网格方法，采用SST k-ω湍流模型研究不同网格划分方式对带前置定子导管式推进器非定常性能的研究。首先基于相对参考坐标系法及滑移网格方法分别对推进器在定常与非定常下的性能进行数值预报，并与试验结果相比验证计算方法的可靠性。基于该方法研究整体网格划分方式与周期性网格对推力系数、扭矩系数与推进器各个方向上的非定常脉动力的影响。研究结果为进一步研究推进器非定常性能提供了参考。     

基于RANS方程的对拍翼推进器推进性能分析

文章基于RANS方程,应用动网格技术,数值计算分析了一种基于地效应原理的对拍翼推进器的推进性能,探讨了来流速度,拍动频率、振幅对推进性能的影响。计算结果表明拍动频率越高、拍动振幅越大则推进器的推力越大,而推进效率则会随来流速度以及拍动振幅的增大而呈现先增大后减小的趋势;同时对比分析了双翼对拍与单翼拍动产生的推力和推进效率;这种推进器构造简单,仅通过简单的相对拍动就可产生垂直于机翼轴向的推力,通过机翼的旋转就可产生任意方向的推力,能够满足水下机器人做六自由度运动的推力需求。     

Improving Tidal Turbine Performance Through Multi-Rotor Fence Configurations

Constructive interference between tidal stream turbines in multi-rotor fence configurations arrayed normally to the flow has been shown analytically, computationally, and experimentally to enhance turbine performance. The increased resistance to bypass flow due to the presence of neighbouring turbines allows a static pressure difference to develop in the channel and entrains a greater flow rate through the rotor swept area. Exploiting the potential improvement in turbine performance requires that turbines either be operated at higher tip speed ratios or that turbines are redesigned in order to increase thrust. Recent studies have demonstrated that multi-scale flow dynamics, in which a distinction is made between device-scale and fence-scale flow events, have an important role in the physics of flow past tidal turbine fences partially spanning larger channels. Although the reduction in flow rate through the fence as the turbine thrust level increases has been previously demonstrated, the within-fence variation in turbine performance, and the consequences for overall farm performance, is less well understood. The impact of turbine design and operating conditions, on the performance of a multi-rotor tidal fence is investigated using Reynolds-Averaged Navier-Stokes embedded blade element actuator disk simulations. Fences consisting of four, six, and eight turbines are simulated, and it is demonstrated that the combination of device- and fence-scale flow effects gives rise to cross-fence thrust and power variation. These cross-fence variations are also a function of turbine thrust, and hence design conditions, although it is shown simple turbine control strategies can be adopted in order to reduce the cross-fence variations and improve overall fence performance. As the number of turbines in the fence, and hence fence length, increases, it is shown that the turbines may be designed or operated to achieve higher thrust levels than if the turbines were not deployed in a fence configuration.

     

通过多转子防护装置提高潮汐水轮机性能的策略（英文）

Constructive interference between tidal stream turbines in multi-rotor fence configurations arrayed normally to the flow has been shown analytically, computationally, and experimentally to enhance turbine performance. The increased resistance to bypass flow due to the presence of neighbouring turbines allows a static pressure difference to develop in the channel and entrains a greater flow rate through the rotor swept area. Exploiting the potential improvement in turbine performance requires that turbines either be operated at higher tip speed ratios or that turbines are redesigned in order to increase thrust. Recent studies have demonstrated that multi-scale flow dynamics, in which a distinction is made between device-scale and fence-scale flow events, have an important role in the physics of flow past tidal turbine fences partially spanning larger channels. Although the reduction in flow rate through the fence as the turbine thrust level increases has been previously demonstrated, the within-fence variation in turbine performance, and the consequences for overall farm performance, is less well understood. The impact of turbine design and operating conditions, on the performance of a multi-rotor tidal fence is investigated using Reynolds-Averaged Navier-Stokes embedded blade element actuator disk simulations. Fences consisting of four, six, and eight turbines are simulated, and it is demonstrated that the combination of device-and fence-scale flow effects gives rise to cross-fence thrust and power variation. These cross-fence variations are also a function of turbine thrust, and hence design conditions,although it is shown simple turbine control strategies can be adopted in order to reduce the cross-fence variations and improve overall fence performance. As the number of turbines in the fence, and hence fence length, increases, it is shown that the turbines may be designed or operated to achieve higher thrust levels than if the turbines were not deployed in a fence configuration.     

导管剖面设计对导管螺旋桨水动力特性的影响

运用计算流体的方法对导管螺旋桨的叶梢漩涡、螺旋桨周围流场和推力特性进行计算,并且通过组合不同类型的导管对比分析了梢涡的改善方法和推力性能的优化方案.计算结果表明:调整导管螺旋桨中的导管迎角,并延长导管有助于改善导管螺旋桨梢涡的产生和改善桨毂后的尾流,有利于提高导管螺旋桨的稳定性;增大导管迎角并延长导管能够使桨叶上荷载和推力分布更加均匀;在进速系数J=0.4左右,导管螺旋桨性能更优,也更高效.本文结论有助于设计出性能优良的导管螺旋桨.     

Simulation of hydrodynamic performance of drag and double reverse propeller podded propulsors

The unsteady performance of drag and double reverse propeller podded propulsors in open water was numerically simulated using a computational fluid dynamics (CFD) method. A moving mesh method was used to more realistically simulate propulsor working conditions, and the thrust, torque, and lateral force coefficients of both propulsors were compared and analyzed. Forces acting on different parts of the propulsors along with the flow field distribution of steady and unsteady results at different advance coefficients were compared. Moreover, the change of the lateral force and the difference between the abovementioned two methods were mainly analyzed. It was shown that the thrust and torque results of both methods were similar, with the lateral force results having the highest deviation     

拖式及双桨反向吊舱推进器水动力性能研究（英文）

The unsteady performance of drag and double reverse propeller podded propulsors in open water was numerically simulated using a computational fluid dynamics(CFD) method. A moving mesh method was used to more realistically simulate propulsor working conditions, and the thrust, torque, and lateral force coefficients of both propulsors were compared and analyzed. Forces acting on different parts of the propulsors along with the flow field distribution of steady and unsteady results at different advance coefficients were compared. Moreover, the change of the lateral force and the difference between the abovementioned two methods were mainly analyzed. It was shown that the thrust and torque results of both methods were similar, with the lateral force results having the highest deviation