深水Spar钻采储运平台极限强度可靠性分析

针对一种新型的深水立柱式Spar钻采储运平台(Spar Drilling Production Storage Offloading)的结构特点进行极限强度可靠性研究。SDPSO平台的中间舱段为储油系统,其结构的安全性尤为重要,本文验证了在波浪弯矩年极值条件下其特殊储油系统结构的安全性。采用SESAM/Wadam软件对SDPSO平台进行水动力计算,利用序列统计法得到年极值短期海况,然后采用极值I型分布得到该短期海况下的波浪弯矩极值;利用ABAQUS非线性有限元软件和改进的Rosenblueth法进行SDPSO平台中舱段的极限强度计算,并得到极限承载能力的概率分布。最后基于一次二阶矩法完成SDPSO平台弯曲极限强度的可靠性计算,结果表明平台结构极限强度具有较高的安全水平,为深海立柱式海洋平台设计提供了依据和参考。     

Effects of Blade Loading Distribution on the Cavitation and Excitation Forces of a Tunnel Thruster

Compared with open propellers, the impeller of a tunnel thruster is more vulnerable to cavitation and structural vibration problems because the impeller is typically subject to severe non-uniformity of inflow produced by the blunt gearbox. Model tests and numerical simulations are carried out in the cavitation tunnel of Shanghai Jiao Tong University for a tunnel thruster using a "flat plate" impeller and a tip-unloaded one. The characteristics of fluctuating pressures on the tunnel wall and the resultant excitation forces are investigated. It is found that although unloading the blade tips of an impeller is effective in reducing the fluctuating pressures in a local tunnel wall area near the tips, the same trend does not apply to the case of the excitation forces. The results show that care should be taken when the experimentally measured fluctuating pressures are utilized as the input to the analysis of structural vibrations.     

基于MRF模型的对转桨敞水性能数值模拟方法探讨

基于RANS方程和k-ε湍流模型,建立了用多参考系模型(MRF)处理前后桨相互干扰的对转桨敞水性能数值模拟方法.开展了两对水下高速航行体用对转桨的敞水性能模拟,与试验结果进行了对比,并研究了不同的前后桨相位差对定常性能模拟的影响,结果表明:文中建立的数值模拟方法能可靠地预报对转桨的敞水性能,可作为对转桨设计的工程应用工具.     

拖式吊舱推进器的非定常水动力性能

应用升力面理论涡格法和面元法,建立了拖式吊舱推进器非定常水动力性能的数值计算方法。螺旋桨桨叶采用升力面理论涡格法计算,吊舱舱体及支架采用HESS-SMITH面元法计算,螺旋桨与吊舱及支架之间的相互影响通过迭代计算来处理。针对拖式吊舱推进器,通过系统的计算和分析,研究了螺旋桨负荷、吊舱和支架诱导速度各分量以及标称与实效诱导速度对其水动力性能的影响。研究表明,就吊舱及支架的实效诱导速度而言,轴向及周向诱导速度主要由支架引起,径向诱导速度主要由吊舱舱体引起。当考察吊舱推进器的定常水动力性能时,可略去吊舱诱导速度的径向及周向分量;考察非定常性能时,可略去径向分量,但应考虑周向分量的影响。以吊舱及支架的标称诱导速度作为进流,将导致非定常推力、扭矩的平均值降低,脉动量幅值减小,因此,虽然标称诱导速度容易得到,但据此进行吊舱推进器的性能预报或设计都会引起一定的误差。非定常水动力的脉动幅值取决于船尾伴流与吊舱诱导速度的相对比例,略去吊舱诱导速度会导致桨叶非定常力的变化特征发生较大变化。     

RANS方法预报对转桨定常敞水性能研究

以时均化的雷诺方程结合标准k-ε湍流模式作为控制方程,采用混合面模型(MP)将对转桨非定常问题简化为定常,建立对转桨敞水性能数值模拟方法.开展了两对水下高速航行体用对转桨的敞水性能数值模拟,与试验结果及MRF模型预报结果进行了对比分析,结果表明:两种数值模拟方法均能可靠地预报对转桨的敞水性能,预报精度满足工程应用需要.     

基于涡格法的任意环量分布螺旋桨数值设计方法

基于升力面理论涡格法提出了一种任意环量分布螺旋桨的数值设计方法,该方法对假定的桨叶拱弧面几何和螺距分布,利用涡格法求解其环量面分布,并根据该分布与给定分布的差,通过Newton-Raphson迭代获得拱度和螺距的修正量,从而逐步逼近具有给定环量分布的桨叶几何。以DTNSRDC-4382大侧斜桨为对象进行了数值考察,结果表明:设计方法具有良好的网格收敛性;拱弧面几何及螺距分布的初值在合理范围内变化时,设计结果无初值依赖性;与RANS计算相结合,本文方法可达到较高的水动力设计精度。     

二维地效应翼性能及流场的数值模拟

本研究以隐式差分方法求解不可压ＲＡＮＳ方程，对二维地效应翼的性能及周围流场进行数值模拟。数值方法基于Ｃｈｏｒｉｎ的伪可压缩性方法，应用近似因式分解方法同时求解速度和压力场。     

Study of tunnel thruster performance and flow by quasi-steady Reynolds-averaged Navier-Stokes simulation

A numerical approach based on the solution of the Reynolds-averaged Navier-Stokes(RANS) equations using the shear-stress transport(SST) turbulence model has been employed to investigate the hydrodynamic performance and flow of tunnel thrusters.The flow passages between adjacent blades are discretized with prismatic cells so that the boundary layer flow is resolved down to the viscous sub-layer.The hydrodynamic performances predicted by the quasi-steady approach agree well with the experimental data for three impellers covering a range of blade area and pitch.Through analysis of the flow field,the reason why the hub of impeller also contributes to thrust which can amount to 40%—60% of the impeller thrust,and the mechanism of the impeller inducing an axial force on the hull are elucidated.     

Lift distribution based design of two-dimensional sections

A lift distribution based section design method has been proposed. Through Newton-Raphson iterations, the section geometry is efficiently designed to meet the requirements for total lift and lift distribution. The effect of fluid viscosity on total lift is taken into account by coupling Reynolds-averaged Navier-Stokes (RANS) simulation with the potential-flow based design procedure. The present method avoids the difficulty of assigning velocity or pressure distributions on section surfaces. As the loading and thickness distributions are expressed in parametric forms, it is easy to ensure that the designed geometry is continuous and smooth. The effects of lift and thickness distributions on cavitation bucket are numerically investigated. A shift of lift loading towards the aft part of section tends to decrease the margin of back cavitation, while the width of cavitation bucket can be kept almost unchanged. To have a wider cavitation bucket, one can increase the leading edge radius, move properly the location of maximum thickness towards the leading edge, or decrease the curvature at the location of maximum thickness.