A New Traffic Model for Mobile Wireless Networks

A new traffic model for mobile wireless networks was given and analysed. In the model, it is considered of traffic characteristic for two special periods of time. A pre-emptive priority scheme combined with channel borrowing strategy according to the speciality was proposed. All the channels can be used by non-real-time services, and real-time services are given higher priority for they are allowed to pre-empt channels used by non-real-time services. Either real-time handoff requests or non-real-time handoff requests can be queued in queues when there is no channel can be used. Some channels are reserved for real-time handoff requests, which can also be used by non-real-time service when they are idle. Simulation results are also given. It is seen that our scheme performs better than other schemes when the arrival rate of real-time services is much higher than non-real-time services.     

Pre-emptive channel borrowing and traffic overflowing channel allocation scheme for multimedia overlay networks

This paper proposes a channel allocation scheme for multimedia wireless networks, in which a twolayer macro-cell or micro-cell architecture is considered. Macro-cells are used to access high-mobility services; while micro-cells, which are overlaid by the macro-cells, are used to cater low-mobility services. To analyze the scheme, a multidimensional Markov traffic model is firstly developed, in which traffic characteristic of two special periods of time is considered. And then, a pre-emptive channel-borrowing scheme combined with trafficoverflowing strategy for multimedia (voice, video or data) networks is proposed, in which handoff requests can not only borrow channels from adjacent homogenous cells, but also be overflowed to heterogeneous cells. Priority strategies are also dedicated to high-mobility services for they can pre-empt channels being used by low-mobility services in macro-cells. To meet the high quality of service (QoS) requirements of video services and increase the channel utilization ratio, video services can be transformed between real-time services and non-real-time services as necessary. Simulation results show that our schemes can decrease the blocking probabilities and improve the channel utilization.     

A simulation study of service differentiation for the bandwidth request scheme in fixed IEEE 802.16 network

Various flexible mechanisms related to quality of service (QoS) provisioning have been specified for uplink traffic at the medium access control (MAC) layer in the IEEE 802.16 standards. Among the mechanisms, contention based bandwidth request scheme can be used to indicate bandwidth demands to the base station for the non-real-time polling and best-effort services. These two services are used for most applications with unknown traffic characteristics. Due to the diverse QoS requirements of those applications, service differentiation (SD) is anticipated over the contention based bandwidth request scheme. In this paper we investigate the SD with the bandwidth request scheme by means of assigning different channel access parameters and bandwidth allocation priorities at different packets arrival probability. The effectiveness of the differentiation schemes is evaluated by simulations. It is observed that the initial backoff window can be efficient in SD, and if combined with the bandwidth allocation priority, the SD performances will be better. Foundation item: the National Basic Research Program (973) of China (No. 2005C13321804)     

Dynamic Channel Allocation in Sectored Cellular Systems

It is known that dynamic channel assignment(DCA) strategy outperforms the fixed channel assignment(FCA) strategy in omni-directional antenna cellular systems. One of the most important methods used in DCA was channel borrowing. But with the emergence of cell sectorization and spatial division multiple access(SDMA) which are used to increase the capacity of cellular systems, the channel assignment faces a series of new problems. In this paper, a dynamic channel allocation scheme based on sectored cellular systems is proposed. By introducing intra-cell channel borrowing (borrowing channels from neighboring sectors) and inter-cell channel borrowing (borrowing channels from neighboring cells) methods, previous DCA strategies, including compact pattern based channel borrowing(CPCB) and greedy based dynamic channel assignment(GDCA) schemes proposed by the author, are improved significantly. The computer simulation shows that either intra-cell borrowing scheme or inter-cell borrowing scheme is efficient enough to uniform and non-uniform traffic service distributions.     

一种改进的GSM/GPRS网络信道分配策略

在对GSM／GPRS(global system for mobile communications／general packet radio service)蜂窝系统现有典型信道分配策略FRA(fixed resource allocation)和DRA(dynamical resource allocation)及其排队策略进行分析的基础上，提出了基于DRA的改进策略DMC—DRA(dynamical minimum channels of packets for DRA)．新策略能动态改变GPRS包下限信道数，在FRA和DRA之间折衷，提高信道利用率、包传输时间、呼叫阻塞率等综合性能．     

基于QoS升降级的无线单播多播混合带宽资源分配方法

在单播与多播混合服务的OFDM蜂窝系统中,因负载较重而使带宽资源被完全占用时,为接纳更多的多播用户,在单播多媒体用户可接受的范围内提出：基于信道容量平滑的QoS升降级带宽借用方法.通过建立QoS升降级的子载波借用模型和CUpDown-QoS算法,达到最大化多播用户数和减小多播切换呼叫中断率;提出了GoS保证下,限制新呼叫的动态带宽借用阈值,给出基于Markov模型的CBP（Call Blocking Probability）与HDP（Handoff Dropping Probability）最优折中的阈值确定方法,以及多播优先的动态带宽借用策略对阈值确定的影响.     

Admission control scheme for handover service in high-speed train communication system

Admission control in high-speed train communication system is quite different from admission control in traditional cellular networks. Conventional admission control strategies cannot be directly applied to this special communication scenario. In this paper, the problem of admission control for handover service is investigated in high-speed train communication environment. An admission control scheme considering bit error rate(BER)and bandwidth borrowing strategy is proposed. On the basis of admission control decision rule taking BER into account, a part of bandwidth obtained by compressing variable rate service in the networks is provided for handover services. The admission control scheme can admit handover services as more as possible while it guarantees the lowest data rate of different services in the networks. Simulation results show that the proposed admission control scheme has a better performance than existing admission control schemes.     

基于车路协同多业务优先级的车载通信退避算法

为研究车路协同下不同优先级业务的通信,打破传统IEEE802.11 标准的CSMA/CA(Carrier Sense Multiple Access/Collision Avoidance)协议所采用的二进制指数退避策略（Binary Exponential Backoff, BEB）仅适用于传统业务如语音、视频等业务,而未考虑车路协同场景典型业务及其优先级的限制,提出一种面向车路协同的车载通信退避算法。首先,研究车路协同场景下的典型通信业务;然后,利用层次分析法建立了业务优先级层次结构模型,对车路协同下的业务进行了优先级的划定;最后,基于车路协同多业务优先级不同对传统BEB算法进行改进,提出一种面向车路协同的车载通信退避算法。通过仿真,验证了所提算法具有良好的适应性,可针对不同业务优先级,提供差异化的信息资源和业务传输保障,相对于传统的通信协议系统丢包率降低,系统吞吐量增加。     

Random Channel Allocation Scheme for SDMA Systems

A random allocation scheme for SDMA systems is proposed with a goal of more efficient dynamic allocation. Based on theoretical analysis and derivation, the blocking probability of the proposed scheme is calculated and compared with those of the ftrst duplicate （FD） and duplicate last （DL） schemes with different state-independent probabilities （p,） of acquring a dupicate channel suecessfully and 5 resources; moreover, a more realistic performance analysis of the random scheme is made with state-dependent ps in the SDMA/CDMA environment. The results show that the random scheme has a similar allocation pefformace to the FD and DL schemes, but is simpler than them in computation and scheduling.     

蜂窝移动通信系统中信道借用指配策略的优化

分析了蜂窝移动通信系统信道指配策略中的一个重要策略－信用策略,包括最早出现的简单借用策略,到后来在此基础上发展而来的带信道序号的借用策略（ＢＣＯ）和带方向锁定的借用策略（ＢＤＣＬ）。在原指配策略的基础上,增加了共道信道中的被锁定信道在信道表中的位置和处理,澄清了原策略中在这一点上的模糊不清。同时,通过两个方面的措施优化了ＢＣＯ和ＢＤＣＬ算法,仿真结果表明优化的算法可以显著降低原算法的复杂性。     

一种无线通信网中的跨层分组调度方案

提出了基于未来无线多媒体通信标准下的一种跨层分组调度方案,在调度时,首先对多媒体混合业务进行了合理分类,即实时性业务和非实时性业务;在调度优先级的确定过程中,利用跨层优化的思想估算优先级公式中的相关参数,由此给出了跨层分组调度方案的具体算法流程.仿真结果表明,与传统经典的比例公平调度算法（PFS）相比,该方案在实时性、数据吞吐量、信道利用率等方面具有更好的性能.     

一种带方向锁定的移动通信信道借用指配策略

介绍了一种蜂容移动通信系统中基于紧凑模式的信道借用指配策略（CPCB）的优化策略－－基于紧凑模式带方式锁定的信道借用指配策略（C‘CBDL）,这 策略不仅将带方向锁定的优点引入到CPCB策略中,而且优化了信道策略管理机制,将新算法在一种普遍采用的蜂窝网络上进行仿真,分别获得了在一种均匀和两种非均匀模式业务分布下的系统性能,结果表明,CPCBDL的系统性能不仅明显优于FCA,BDCL和基于CP的DCA等策略,也优于CPCB策略,这对于提高蜂窝移动系统的频谱利用率和业务吞吐能力均有十分重要的意义。     

基于分组的宽带CDMA网络呼叫接纳控制方案

以宽带CDMA网络为研究对象，结合3种主要业务类型（话音、视频、数据）的精确建模，提出了用户连接接纳控制与用户分组接纳控制协作的CAC机制，以及基于优先级的改进CAC方案．该方案根据无线分组网络中以分组为最小资源管理单位的特点，结合系统剩余容量以及不同类型业务的特点，为不同业务设置不同的接入准则．优先接纳对实时性要求高的用户连接和分组，同时尽可能地保证实时性要求较低业务的服务质量．仿真结果表明，所提出的策略有效降低了业务接人的阻塞率和平均接纳延时，同时提高了系统资源利用率．     

物理帧时槽交换中改进的DWRR调度算法

传统的DWRR(defic itwe ighted round rob in)调度算法不能满足变速率实时多媒体业务时延要求.为此,提出了改进的DWRR调度算法(improved DWRR).该算法在DWRR的轮询过程中插入1个新的服务优先等级,从而有效地保证变速率实时多媒体业务的时延要求,并且也可有效地调度非实时业务.仿真结果表明,对变速率多媒体实时业务,改进的DWRR算法的平均队列时延为3.4 m s,比传统DWRR算法的平均队列时延(4.9 m s)降低了30.6%.     

考虑匹配优先级的共享混合停车位租用与分配问题研究

为充分利用混合停车场的停车和充电资源，本文依据出行者需求的差异性设置匹配优先级，在此基础上以共享平台接受并出租车位的收益扣除拒绝请求的惩罚成本的总收益最大化为目标，以充电量不超过停车场负荷为约束条件，建立考虑匹配优先级的共享混合停车位租用与分 配(MPRA)模型。基于匹配优先级原则和模型特征改进蚁群算法，设置分块冲突矩阵，根据分块冲突矩阵设计蚂蚁信息素更新策略和路径选择策略并进行求解。最后算例证实了考虑匹配优先级的必要性，并分析了问题规模对MPRA分配方案的影响。研究结果表明：在充电需求匹配率方面，MPRA方案高于利润最大化方案，平均提升率为28.96%，这一优势与出行者数量或车位数量成反比，且利润提升率随着问题规模的增加而增加；车位数量有限时，MPRA方案相较于先到先停方案可以极大化提升车位利用率和充电需求匹配率，平均提升率分别为17.87%和113.96%。     

General precoder design for mitigation of intercarrier interference in OFDM mobile systems

For orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing （OFDM） communication systems, the frequency offset in mobile radio channels distorts the orthogonality between sub-carriers, which results in Intercarrier Interference（ICI） and seriously degrades the performance of systems. Based on ICI coefficients analysis, a novel preceder design scheme is proposed for mitigation of ICI. In this technique, preceder matrix is designed by the way of linear counteraction and inserted in the former transmitter signal. Computer simulation results show that this new scheme can effectively reduce ICI and significantly provide the carrier-interference power ratio improvement. Compared with existing ICI mitigation schemes with channel estimation, the proposed scheme has lower computational complexity, and compared with self- cancellation scheme, the bandwidth efficiency can be improved in this proposed scheme. The proposed scheme also has better convergence stability for time-varying frequency selective fading channel.     

铁路小件货物快运产品开行方案研究

随着我国铁路小件货物快运市场的需求日益增长,为了提高铁路小件货物快捷运输产品的市场竞争力,需要提供多等级的小件货物快捷运输服务,并配套相应产品的开行方案.文中以京广通道为例,提出在该通道上组织3种速度等级的小件货物快运产品———高速行邮专列、特快行邮专列、行包专列,并制定了该通道2015年的小件货物快运产品开行方案.     

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ETC技术的广泛使用有效提高了人工收费效率,缓解了收费站车流拥堵状况,本文对ETC系统优化配置方案进行了研究.根据收费站设计规范和实地调研成果,对高速公路收费站系统构件进行了形式化描述,结合系统各个构件中车辆的行为特征、车辆及收费通道的分类特征,建立了一种适用于高速公路ETC收费站系统的元胞自动机交通流模型.考虑到ETC收费站车流拥堵特性,提出了ETC收费站服务水平的概念及相关计算方法,设计以ETC使用率、ETC车道数量及交通流量为参数的仿真方案,选取封闭式4车道收费站进行仿真分析,基于仿真结果提出了ETC使用率分别为30%、60%和90%时ETC车道数的配置建议,为收费站管理人员合理利用ETC系统提供了理论依据.     

基于分解策略的计算网格资源分配优化

提出多种Agent分别代表用户、服务提供者、资源提供者相互协作解决网格资源分配优化问题.采用双层市场模型解决网格系统资源的最优调度,即网格用户Agent与网格服务Agent相互协作的服务市场,以及网格服务Agent与网格资源Agent所组成的资源市场.为了降低计算复杂性,将分配优化问题分解为两个子问题,分别在资源市场和服务市场中解决.在双层市场中两个子问题所获得的优化值即为主问题的优化值.     

基于负载均衡的OFDMA双跳中继网络资源分配策略

为适应蜂窝小区内不同的用户分布,针对基于正交频分多址接入技术的双跳中继网络,提出了一种基于负载均衡的资源分配策略.考虑难以得到联合分配的最优解,在降低计算复杂度的前提下,采用分步式次优化分配.采用比例公平算法对子载波进行分配,并用数学建模的方法解决功率分配问题;根据凸规划和注水算法确定功率分配最优解需满足的条件,在逼近最优解的目标下,求得基站和中继站的发射功率.仿真分析结果表明,与传统的静态资源分配策略相比,提出的基于负载均衡的资源分配策略可以适应不同的用户分布和信道条件,系统吞吐率提高7.8%以上.