Structural design conception and analysis for the structural system of large flexible airship

Nine kinds of structure systems were proposed for the flexible airship according to the inherent structural characteristics. On the basis of equilibrium configuration of the floating airship subjected to the ascent helium buoyancy and gravity, the structural analysis procedure was developed and the computation models were presented for the airship. Then the systematic numerical analysis was carried out for a 25m long airship, the comparison of principal stress of envelope was performed between the nonlinear numerical analysis result and the engineering elastic theory result. The structural performances were evaluated thoroughly. Finally, the reasonable structural systems were proposed. Accordingly, the results herein were valuable to structural design for flexible airship especially for large flexible airship.     

Vibration Characteristic Analysis and Experiment of Non-Rigid Airship with Suspended Curtain

In order to evaluate the vibration characteristics of non-rigid airship with suspended curtain,we introduce vibration characteristic analysis method of the inflatable membrane structure.Modal numerical method of the inflatable membrane structure under the pressure difference is validated by the model testing of the inflatable cantilever tube.The finite element model of 75 m airships is established to simulate the vibration characteristics subjected to only pressure difference and the resultant force of weight and buoyancy.The nonlinear static deformation and stress analysis are investigated for two kinds of equilibrated configurations with various pressure differences,as well as the vibration characteristics.The structural efficiency of the suspended curtain is investigated through the force transfer ratio at the assumed equilibrated point.The effects of manufacture error of the suspended cable length on the structural behavior are analyzed.The results indicate that the local area of airship envelope connected to the suspended cable is a weak part.Various pressures and pressure gradients have significant effects on the global airship structure and the suspended curtain.The suspended curtain is effective to transfer the equilibrated force from the bottom to the top of airship envelope.Manufacture error of the suspended cable length could result in obvious deformation of local airship envelope.The presented work is valuable to the structural engineering design of stratospheric airship.     

砂卵石地层下伏膨胀岩土盾构隧道结构内力特征

成都地铁二号线区间盾构隧道局部穿过砂卵石下伏膨胀岩土地层,为获得下伏地层膨胀荷载对盾构隧道衬砌结构内力的影响规律,采用数值方法分析了下伏地层在不同范围发生局部膨胀时对衬砌结构外侧压力的影响.通过现场测试得到了盾尾注浆时和隧道贯通后衬砌结构荷载及内力的分布规律,并与不同膨胀荷载下结构内力的计算结果进行了比较.研究表明:膨胀圈厚度及范围对膨胀后压力增量的影响较小,膨胀力对压力增量的影响较大;局部膨胀荷载的存在将增大管片结构弯矩,对结构受力不利,负弯矩是下伏膨胀岩土地层盾构隧道结构设计的控制因素.计算砂卵石下伏膨胀岩土地层中盾构隧道结构内力时,应考虑膨胀荷载的影响,膨胀荷载可采用数值分析等手段确定.      

收缩徐变对混凝土斜拉桥成桥状态的影响分析

运用最小弯曲能量法和应力平衡法相结合的方法来确定混凝土斜拉桥的合理成桥状态,就不同成桥状态下收缩徐变对主梁弯矩的影响程度进行了分析,并对其原因进行了探讨。总结了收缩徐变对结构受力影响的普遍规律,收缩徐变在斜拉桥桥塔附近梁段将产生负弯矩、在跨中附近梁段将产生正弯矩。得出了主梁中预应力的配置以及弯矩的调整情况都会对收缩徐变改变主梁弯矩的程度造成影响这一结论。并对不同成桥状态下收缩徐变趋于稳定后的主梁弯矩进行了比较,得出不同成桥状态下收缩徐变趋于稳定后主梁弯矩比较接近这一规律。     

落地支架在连续梁悬臂浇注施工中的应用

文章以某变截面连续梁为背景,阐述了挂篮悬臂浇筑法和落地支架现浇法两种施工方法对桥梁内力的影响.通过施工过程模拟,对桥梁在两种施工方法下的内力及变形进行计算;结合施工现场情况将不同施工方法的工期和成本进行对比分析.结果表明,连续梁的弯矩、变形受施工方法的影响较大;与挂篮悬臂浇筑法相比,采用落地支架施工的PC连续梁负弯矩减小,而正弯矩增大,边跨跨中的竖向挠度增加,同时缩短工期、降低成本.     

双柱式墩盖梁内力影响因素分析及预应力束布置

用MIDAS对双柱式盖梁进行整体有限元分析,分别比较盖梁高度、桥墩间距和桥墩高度对盖梁控制截面内力的影响,从而为盖梁在不同受力情况下预应力束的合理布置提供依据;同时通过工程实例可得:正确的选取结构计算模型为盖梁预应力束的布置数量和位置奠定了基础。分析表明,当桥墩间距一定时,盖梁高度对盖梁内力影响很小;当盖梁高度一定时,桥墩间距对盖梁内力影响很大,盖梁跨中弯矩随桥墩间距的增大而增大,盖梁支点弯矩随桥墩间距的增大而减小;随着桥墩高度的减小,盖梁跨中弯矩有增大的趋势,支点弯矩有减小的趋势。     

浮箱拼组浮墩时接头受力的建模与仿真

战时深水大跨桥梁损毁后,为尽快恢复交通通畅,可利用浮箱拼组成浮墩、浮桥和轮渡。以铁路深水浮墩为例,用ADAMS软件对浮箱接头所受的剪力和弯矩进行了仿真,将仿真结果与理论计算值相比较,两者相差不大,并且得到了控制接头的剪力与弯矩值。此研究成果可用于战时快速地校核战备浮箱间的接头受力。     

考虑轴力和剪切效应的盾构隧道纵向变形分析

采用傅立叶级数法研究了不同荷载作用下轴力和剪切效应对盾构隧道变形的影响.?计及剪切变形所产生的地基反力,建立了弯曲变形的控制微分方程,推导了剪切变形的计算公式;采用与既有理论解对比的方法,验证了级数解的正确性;通过对比计算,分析了截面形式、端承条件、荷载形式、长高比以及有无弹性地基对盾构隧道剪切变形的影响,剪切刚度对弯...     

地铁盾构隧道管片接头抗弯刚度的数值计算

采用三维有限元法对南京地铁区间盾构隧道管片接头的受力情况进行了数值模拟计算，研究了不同荷载作用下管片接头的变形、转角和抗弯刚度，探讨了接头转角和抗弯刚度的变化规律；通过转角、弯矩和轴力关系的拟合为接头抗弯刚度的确定提供了新的途径．数值计算结果表明，管片接头抗弯刚度随轴力增大而增大，随弯矩增大迅速减小并逐渐趋于稳定；轴力对抗弯刚度的影响随弯矩的增大而减小。     

平流层飞艇空气动力学研究进展

平流层飞艇有着广泛的功能和用途,随着科技的飞速发展,世界上掀起了研究和开发平流层飞艇的热潮．综述了国内外对平流层飞艇空气动力学问题的研究现状及未来的发展趋势,讨论了目前研究中需要解决的一些关键技术．在此基础上．总结出今后研究的重点,并为平流层飞艇的设计提供了参考依据．     

Mechanical Behaviors of Submerged Floating Tunnel under Current Effect

Introduction Submerged floating tunnel ( SFT) provides acomplete new option for crossing of waterways, andcan connect both lands and channels where appropri-ate[1-5]. Being a structure not buried deeply in theground, but suspended in a certain depth below…     

半整体式桥台无伸缩缝桥静力分析

为了克服桥梁伸缩缝病害,考虑了桥梁上部结构、下部结构和基地土的共同作用,建立了半整体式桥台无伸缩缝桥的静力计算模型。以一座长100 m PC连续箱梁桥为例,对该桥在重力、车辆和季节性温度变化荷载作用下进行了弹性大变形分析,对相应的有伸缩缝桥和整体式桥台无伸缩缝桥分析结果进行了对比。结果表明:半整体式桥台无伸缩缝桥主梁的弯矩、剪力、挠度和下部结构的轴力与有伸缩缝桥接近,但主梁中出现了轴力,下部结构弯矩和剪力较有伸缩缝桥大,说明半整体式桥台无伸缩缝桥消除了伸缩缝的病害,结构整体刚度大,是一种有应用推广价值的桥型。     

声屏障结构的列车脉动风致振动分析

在考虑桩-土-结构共同作用的基础上,用ANSYS软件对插板式声屏障结构的脉动风致振动响应进行了数值计算,分析了列车车型、运行速度、声屏障结构高度和长度对结构动力特性的影响,为高速铁路声屏障结构的设计提供了合理参数.结果表明:CRH2型列车比CRH3型列车通过时声屏障结构垂直构件的位移增大18.6%,弯矩增大8.5%;垂直构件的位移、弯矩随列车运行速度和结构高度增大呈非线性关系明显增大;随声屏障结构长度增大,垂直构件的位移和弯矩增大,但长度超过120 m以后减小,并逐渐趋于稳定值.     

高架桥梁地震反应的简化计算分析

利用SAP2000以昆石高速公路K48＋400下行线桥为例,采用在纵向以及横向输入其与竖向耦合的地震动反应谱进行了地震分析。在对程序算得的数据进行比较分析后发现,可以对桥墩纵向墩顶剪力、墩底剪力和弯矩进行简化分析,得到近似的地震反应。     

地震地基液化大变形对桥梁桩基危害性三维数值分析

为研究地震地基液化大变形对桥梁桩基的危害性,建立了含液化层的二层与三层土体系计算模型,考虑桩土共同作用的非线性关系,利用FLAC-3D有限差分软件对液化侧扩地基中的单桩、群桩进行了动力有限差分分析,探讨了地基液化大变形条件下桩基位移与内力变化分布规律。分析结果表明:二层与三层土体中,液化土层和非液化土层交界面处产生的桩身弯矩极值是控制桩身破坏的关键因素,液化土层本身对桩身弯矩的影响很小;桩帽对桩顶的侧移有一定制约作用,但对桩身弯矩极值的影响不显著;群桩中上坡桩与下坡桩的侧向位移与桩身弯矩分布模式相似,但上坡桩发生的侧向位移和桩身弯矩要略大于下坡桩情况。     

箱形梁长悬臂板的有限元分析

应用有限元软件Ansys,对箱形梁长悬臂板的内力分布规律进行有限元数值分析,着重研究悬臂长度、泊松比、板厚等参数对悬臂板内力分布规律的影响.结果表明：在轮压荷载作用下,长悬臂板内会产生较大的正弯矩,其最大值约为悬臂根部最大负弯矩的一半;随着轮压荷载作用位置的变化,根部负弯矩具有特殊的变化规律,当轮压荷载离悬臂根部的距离较大时,根部负弯矩近似按线性规律变化,根部最大负弯矩基本不随悬臂长度而变;泊松比和板厚对悬臂板内力的影响不大.     

某下承式混凝土拱桥动静载试验分析

对某主跨为86.1m的下承式混凝土系杆拱桥进行动静载试验,根据桥梁在活载作用下的弯矩包络图,确定桥梁的关键截面;通过桥梁关键截面挠度、应力实测值与理论值的对比分析,对该桥的承载能力进行评估;同时通过动载试验对该桥的动力特性进行分析。     

连续组合梁桥UHPC接缝抗弯性能研究

针对连续组合梁桥负弯矩区桥面板易开裂的难题,提出了新型钢-混组合梁桥负弯矩区UHPC (Ultra-High Performance Concrete)接缝方案。通过建立Midas有限元模型分析了应用UHPC接缝的连续组合梁桥负弯矩区的抗弯性能,自编Matlab程序分析连续组合梁桥的裂后截面刚度折减与内力重分布,并从抗裂性能角度进行参数分析。结果表明,组合梁桥负弯矩区UHPC接缝具有良好的技术先进性和经济性。     

GFRP筋混凝土梁正截面受弯性能试验研究

为深入研究GFRP筋混凝土梁弯曲性能及设计方法,通过36根混凝土梁(其中GFRP筋混凝土梁21根,钢筋混凝土梁15根)的四点弯曲试验,对GFRP筋混凝土梁正截面的受弯性能进行了研究.在配筋率、几何尺寸、混凝土强度相同的条件下,对比分析了GFRP筋混凝土梁与钢筋混凝土梁的挠度及承载力特性;推导了GFRP筋混凝土梁受弯承载力、界限受压区高度的计算公式,并用试验数据验证了公式的正确性.结果表明:GFRP筋混凝土梁与钢筋混凝土梁的最大挠度之比为1.5～2.5;初裂承载力之比为0.53～0.69,极限承载力较接近,比值为0.75～1.02;GFRP筋混凝土梁界限相对受压区高度为0.17～0.20.建议取配筋率为1.4倍平衡配筋率,以使构件具有足够的承载力储备.     

New unified failure model on evenly distributed reinforced concrete members with box section

It is urgently needed to describe the structural collapse process under extreme conditions to survive people.For reinforced concrete structures it is still a difficulty to describe the failure of reinforced concrete members under complex internal force combination,such as under axial forces,bending moment,shear forces, and torsion working together.In this paper,based on the traditional Nielsen model,a new unified failure model on reinforcement evenly distributed concrete members with box section under combined forces is introduced.The advantages of the proposed new model are to consider the dowel actions of reinforcements and reasonably to consider of the shear carrying capacity of concrete,especially when compression stress of concrete is in a high value.Finally,the theoretical results of the new model are compared with a series of experimental results of box section members.The comparison has verified that the new model is more accurate and feasible for the design and calculation of box section members.