滩海人工岛工程安全监测预警模式

人工岛运行期的安全监测,关系到人工岛围护结构稳定和生产运行安全。结合国内首个滩海人工岛工程安全监测自动化系统的开发,分析了运行期滩海人工岛安全监测的特点,首次提出了滩海人工岛运行期安全监测的预警指标和预警模式,并分级给出了工程安全应对措施,类似工程可参照实施。     

南堡海域冰情及其对工程的影响分析

基于南堡海域冰情调查的基础资料,对该海域的海冰冰情进行了较为详尽地阐述,分析了海冰对滩海石油工程及海上生产的影响及危害,探讨了工程设计与生产作业应注意的关键环节,给出了该海区最大平整冰厚度设计的具体数值,并指出了滩海石油工程抵御海冰破坏需要进一步研究的问题.     

构筑物与波浪相互作用的研究

根据前人的研究成果，综述在海岸和近海工程中波浪与构筑物相互作用时，波浪力的几种计算方法。     

滩海石油工程建设的建议与思考

随着渤海湾各滩海油田向海上进军步伐的加快，滩海石油工程建设的工作量日益增大，工程建设的类型不断丰富，节奏不断加快。但是，由于滩海石油工程建设所处的工程环境条件、工程地质基础以及发展的现状均不同于深海海洋工程建设，因此，在开展滩海石油工程建设时须要考虑的因素往往有很大区别。介绍了滩海石油工程的建设情况，分析了在滩海工程进行过程中主要关键环节，提出了开展滩海石油工程建设的建议。     

基于遗传算法的滩海路堤堤高优化设计研究

滩海路是为了开发丰富的滩海石油资源而修筑的联系陆地与人工岛的纽带.浅海滩涂地带受潮汐影响,水陆界伸缩很大,这就造成了滩海路建设具有费用高、风险大、工期长、维修费用高的特点.堤高是影响滩海路堤工程建设总费用的关键因素,其合理确定对于保证滩海路通行天数、降低工程建设总费用是至关重要的.基于遗传算法,结合全寿命周期成本理论,建立了滩海路堤堤高多目标优化设计模型,并对渤海海域某工程地的滩海路堤进行优化设计,同原设计比较表明:利用该方法具有优越性,可以节省工程建设资金.     

基于遗传算法的滩海路路面结构优化设计研究

滩海路是为了开发丰富的滩海石油资源而修筑的联系陆地与人工岛的纽带。浅海滩涂地带受潮汐影响，水陆界伸缩很大，这就造成了滩海路建设具有费用高、风险大、工期长、维修费用高的特点。近年来，滩海路出现了漫水路的结构型式，其路堤高程较低，路面允许潮水淹没和通过，潮水过后可恢复通车使用。路面结构是构成滩海路堤工程建设总费用的重要部分，其合理确定对于降低工程建设总费用、确保工程建设质量都是至关重要的。文章以遗传算法作为基本数学工具，结合全寿命周期成本理论，建立了滩海路路面结构优化设计模型，并对渤海海域某工程地的滩海路路面进行优化设计，同原设计比较表明：利用该方法具有优越性，可以节省工程建设资金。     

京杭运河扩容工程皂河三线船闸设计特点

介绍皂河船闸因地制宜,采取特殊结构避免多方矛盾,用设计难度换实施方便的设计实践.此船闸采用了多项新技术、新结构和新材料,可为类似工程的设计与施工提供有益的参考和借鉴.在工程所在地枢纽构筑物众多、场地狭窄的条件下,建设了难度极大的三线船闸.     

滨海核电厂海域工程总平面布置设计要点

结合近年来国内实施的若干个滨海核电厂设计实例,从核电厂海域工程构筑物承担的防洪、取排水和大件吊卸运输等功能展开论述,重点分析厂址防洪与厂坪高程、护岸高程设计之间的关系,不同取排水方式的优缺点和适应性,取排水构筑物常用的平面布置方式及所考虑的取水安全、温排水、潮流、泥沙和波浪等因素,大件码头平面布置考虑的因素。     

关于深基坑工程SMW工法施工的质量监控措施探讨

<正>一、工程概况嘉兴港独山港区多用途码头工程位于嘉兴港独山港区,杭州湾北岸,杭州湾跨海大桥与东海大桥之间,西侧为已建的独山港区粮食码头。本工程建设有3.5万吨级多用途泊位2个,年吞吐量为30万TEU,码头面高程8.00m。在本工程查验作业房西北侧,建造一座初期雨水收集池,本初期雨水收集池主要用于降雨过程中前10min的雨水的收集,并设潜水泵,将收集的污水提升至市政污水管网中,以满足环保要求。本工程为地下设备构筑物,构筑物长26.6m,宽7.6m,设备构筑物底到     

无填料振冲法在滩海工程中的应用

介绍了多点共振无填料振冲加密法的加固机理，通过对滩海工程建设中的应用实例分析，验证了工程实施无填料加密法的地基加固效果，并阐述了其在加固砂类土地基的应用前景。     

Resilience of Touristic Island Beaches Under Sea Level Rise: A Methodological Framework

This contribution addresses the need for a simple model for managers to employ when planning strategies for the management of touristic beaches under sea level rise. A methodological framework was developed and tested in two Aegean archipelago islands (Lesvos and Rhodes, Greece). The scheme can represent the status of touristic island beaches, based on easily obtained variables/indicators and projections of beach erosion/retreat under different scenarios of mean sea level rise (MSLR) and extreme events. Information on beach geomorphological characteristics, environmental setting, water quality, management, and services (such as those used in the “Blue Flag” classification) was collated/collected and beach erosion/retreat due to CV & C was estimated through suitable ensembles of cross-shore (1-D) morphodynamic models. A Strength-Weaknesses-Opportunities-Threats (SWOT) framework was employed to assist in the selection of indicators and multicriteria analysis used to optimize indicator weights and rank beaches according to their sustainability under sea level rise. Implementation of the framework at the two islands has shown that: the majority of Lesvos and Rhodes beaches (82% of a total of 217 beaches and 58% of a total of 97 beaches, respectively) can be classified as beaches with no, or minimal, human interference, suggesting that under environmentally sound coastal management further touristic development might be afforded; there could be very significant effects of the sea level rise on the carrying and buffering capacities of the most developed (“Blue Flag”) beaches, with some expected even under conservative projections to be completely eroded by 2100, unless technical adaptation measures are taken; and using the proposed framework, touristic beaches can be rapidly ranked in terms of their resilience to sea level rise and their development potential, allowing prioritization of effective management responses.     

Monitoring Loggerhead Sea Turtle (Caretta caretta) Nests in Turkey Using GIS

Both the loggerhead sea turtle (Caretta caretta) and the green turtle (Chelonia mydas) live, feed, and nest in the Mediterranean, mostly on the beaches of Turkey and Greece. The greatest threat to the survival of Caretta caretta has been found to be on the sandy beaches where their lives begin. In this study, the digital terrain model (DTM) of the Iztuzu Beach in Turkey where the Caretta caretta sea turtles lay their eggs was prepared using a global positioning system (GPS) and a geographic information system (GIS). A flexible coastal geographic information system was prepared integrating the DTM with digitally processed satellite images and ground truth of the nesting area and its surroundings. Researchers, decision makers, other end users, or sea turtle experts can find and query any environmental information having a possible impact on the nesting area using a computer-based GIS database. A multidate monitoring of the nesting area allows users to extract and compare much information about the location and condition of the nests and will help researchers develop better strategies for protecting sea turtles.     

钦州电厂码头及循环水取排水工程关键项目技术方案及实施

钦州电厂码头和取排水工程,结构复杂,影响因素众多。涉及墩式码头、海上灌注桩、近海沉井等施工,以及深基坑降水支护开挖、海上没顶箱涵安装等诸多项目。在几个关键项目施工准备和施工过程中,通过缜密深入的研究,结合现场条件提出了修改技术方案,并在实施过程中不断完善,取得了良好的经济和社会效益。文章就其中的几项关键项目技术方案和实施效果进行了介绍。     

Coastal Erosion and Its Social and Environmental Aspects in Tanzania: A Case Study in Illegal Sand Mining

Coastal erosion is one of the major coastal problems currently facing Tanzania. Several factors, including sea level rise, geology, and rapid coastal population growth accompanied by rapid increase of human activities that interfere with natural processes, have been linked to the problem. One of the human activities that have been well linked to the problem of coastal erosion is illegal sand mining along beaches, coastal streams/rivers, and other restricted areas. This causes localized accelerated/ severe coastal erosion and enormous environmental degradation and threat to coastal properties. Illegal sand mining is presently a big industry in Tanzania, employing many youths, and has become a social, economical, and environmental problem. Thus, it is a sensitive issue. The problem of illegal sand mining in Tanzania is revisited, and possible measures to control it are proposed. Measures that can help to reduce/eliminate illegal sand mining are: governments to address effectively the problem of unemployment and poverty in the society by formulation of effective policies, including the total liberalization of the labor market and reduction of the tax burden and regulations on potential employers; identifying alternative sources of sand that are environmentally safe to mine, of good quality, and easily accessible; launching well-focused mass education on the problem of coastal erosion; encouraging formation of legally registered associations of sand-miners that will work closely with relevant authorities to curb illegal sand mining; and strengthening of governance and improving research funding in the country.     

远海岛礁近岸波浪观测技术比选

概述近岸海域波浪观测有关规定和常用观测技术,阐述远海岛礁近岸海区地形特点和环境条件。在此基础上,对适用于远海岛礁近岸海域的波浪观测技术进行比选,并开展现场观测工作,为岛礁工程建设和生态保护等领域提供可靠基础数据。     

大连太平湾近岸海域环境承载力综合评价研究

海域水环境质量与承载力是生态环境保护与区域经济发展的重要前提条件。针对大连太平湾近岸海域,文章采用集对分析方法、人工神经网络方法和云理论方法,以研究海域32个站位的COD、无机氮、磷酸盐和石油类4个污染因子为承载力评价指标,重点分析太平湾近岸海域的水环境质量和承载力状况;并以不同时期实测资料,分析了太平湾港区工程建设与环境质量间的相互关系,以期为区域经济社会发展和生态环境保护提供基础支撑。     

港珠澳大桥施工阶段环保管理工作的提升

在港珠澳大桥施工过程中,通过观摩香港段关于施工平台污水处理、固体废弃物管理、废气管理、噪音管理、中华白海豚保护等环保工作,以及成立专门的环境管理机构,对施工海域进行生态监测,海上平台开工前设置隔泥幕,在施工环境周围进行定点定时噪音和粉尘监测等,提升工程建设的环保管理水平。     

Coastal erosion and sea level rise: Implications for ocean beach and San Francisco's westside transport project

Abstract

One of the consequences of sea level rise resulting from the greenhouse effect is increased coastal erosion. This article discusses a model of erosion that can be used to estimate the response of beaches to sea level rise. The model is applied to Ocean Beach, California, with particular attention to the consequences of accelerated erosion for the San Francisco Westside Sewer Transport. Results obtained show that erosion produced by accelerated sea level rise could cause substantial damage to the structure. Large expenditures on beach nourishment will be required to protect the transport and the recreational value of the beach.     

长江口航道整治工程大型专用作业船舶作业天数的统计和分析

针对长江口深水航道治理工程施工范围广阔、自然条件恶劣、大型专用作业船舶众多的特点,分析了影响水上作业天的主要因素,论述了提高水上有效作业天的工程措施,并对二期工程水上作业天进行了统计与分析,得出了2艘大型专用施工船的可作业天数和实际有效作业天数。     

Greenhouse effect,sea level rise,and coastal zone management

Abstract

Increasing concentrations of carbon dioxide and other gases are expected to warm the earth several degrees in the next century by a mechanism known as the greenhouse effect. Such a warming could cause sea level to rise two to five feet by expanding ocean water, melting mountain glaciers, and perhaps eventually causing polar glaciers to melt and slide into the oceans.

A rise in sea level of even three feet could cause substantial erosion of beaches and coastal wetlands, increased flooding, and intrusion of saltwater into rivers, bays, and aquifers. Fortunately, many of the adverse consequences can be avoided by taking timely measures in anticipation of sea level rise. Nevertheless, many coastal zone managers are reluctant to take these measures until the prospect of sea level rise becomes more certain.

This article examines the implications of future sea level rise and identifies anticipatory measures that may be appropriate today in spite of current uncertainties.