LNG加注船的技术发展动态

天然气由于其热值高、不含硫、燃烧清洁而成为绿色环保型船舶的首选燃料。随着LNG燃料的广泛应用,不仅仅是车客渡船、拖轮、平台供应船等近海或短途海运船舶采用LNG动力,而且豪华邮轮和大型集装箱船等远洋船舶也逐步迈入了LNG燃料行列。本文介绍了LNG燃料动力船及LNG加注船的发展现状,总结了LNG加注船具有机动性好、加注效率高、加注范围广等优点,并重点分析了未来LNG加注船的技术发展方向： LNG燃料舱容量的大型化发展,未来B型舱和薄膜型LNG燃料舱将成为优选方案；LNG加注船在加注平台设计、加注对接方式、LNG燃料舱操作服务方面的灵活性将得到极大提升；LNG加注船还将具备更高机动性和操纵性,能够实现无需拖轮协助的一人操作而自主安全靠泊。随着全球LNG作为船用燃料的推广,LNG加注船作为LNG产业链上的战略新兴产品,是保障我国能源战略安全、实施“绿水青山”生态发展必不可少的重大装备,其应用和发展空间将十分广阔。     

槽罐车-船的LNG加注技术分析

在LNG动力船舶加注中,槽罐车-船加注方式具有方便、快捷的优势,为推动船用LNG市场的发展提供了高效的解决方案.文章结合国内外标准和操作指引,对槽罐车-船加注技术进行了分析,探讨了2种槽罐车-船加注技术的异同,对作业现场和安全管理提出了相关要求,并建议加强标准化建设和应急演练工作,以推动船用LNG市场发展.     

船舶油料供受作业监管中存在问题及对策

随着世界航运业的快速发展,我国海域内船舶油料供受业务的不断发展,由于船舶油料供受作业存在较大的污染风险,因此,如何加强船舶油料供受作业监管是海事管理机构必须考虑的问题。文中首先介绍了我国目前船舶油料供受作业监管的法律规定,然后分析了目前船舶油料供受作业监管中存在的主要问题,最后提出了加强船舶油料供受作业海事监管的几点策略。     

3600DWT双尾鳍供油船总体设计

双尾鳍供油船具有一定的优势和典型特点.它的推出很好地把握了市场上对供油船在操纵性上比较重视的特点.主要从总体设计的角度介绍了针对市场需求而开发的3 600 DWT双尾鳍供油船的基本概况、设计特点、主要要素和在型线上的考虑.结合双尾鳍型线特点介绍了本船在快速型、操纵性和燃油经济性上的优势.通过实船试航的测量结果对该船良好的操纵性进行了验证.     

天然气燃料动力船燃料加注模式研究

针对天然气燃料加注方案,分析国内外船舶天然气燃料加注的现状、主要加注模式及其特点。结合我国内河水域的特点,提出适合我国天然气燃料动力船加注模式的建议。     

江中型LNG加注趸船旁靠系泊作业的安全性

内河LNG加注趸船是我国提出并得到实际应用的一种新船型,其适用于长江、珠江等季节水位高差变化较大的天然性水域。本文采用水动力数值分析方法,针对一艘典型的江中型LNG加注趸船,研究分析了三种不同吨级LNG动力船旁靠系泊加注趸船进行补给作业时,在风、浪、流载荷联合作用下,两船旁靠系泊水动力安全问题,并给出了三种不同吨级LNG动力船旁靠作业的限制环境条件建议值。研究结论可为实际工程操作提供有益参考。     

The adaptation of the Polish shipping companies to market conditions

At the end of the eighties, fundamental changes took place in Polish shipping. Implementation of the market economy system was at first demonstrated in the introduction of the principles of self-dependence, self-government and self-financing of the shipping companies. Privatization performed a key role in the program of transformation of the centrally planned system into market oriented financially independent shipping organizations. The previous principle of the necessary participation of the home fleet in transporting domestic sea-borne trade has been mostly replaced by cross-trade. Many shipping services have left its basic ports in the country for a West European basis, securing alimentation of home and transit cargoes by feeder-service systems. Joint stock companies in shipping with substantial shares of foreign capital are welcomed, and the previously obligatory system of administrative methods of the state monopoly has been abolished. The principles of shipping policy represented in the past by Poland and also by UNCTAD in the 1960s have lost their impact and must be change and adapted to the new demands of the shipping markets.     

The adaptation of the Polish shipping companies to market conditions

At the end of the eighties, fundamental changes took place in Polish shipping. Implementation of the market economy system was at first demonstrated in the introduction of the principles of self-dependence, self-government and self-financing of the shipping companies. Privatization performed a key role in the program of transformation of the centrally planned system into market oriented financially independent shipping organizations. The previous principle of the necessary participation of the home fleet in transporting domestic sea-borne trade has been mostly replaced by cross-trade. Many shipping services have left its basic ports in the country for a West European basis, securing alimentation of home and transit cargoes by feeder–service systems. Joint stock companies in shipping with substantial shares of foreign capital are welcomed, and the previously obligatory system of administrative methods of the state monopoly has been abolished. The principles of shipping policy represented in the past by Poland and also by UNCTAD in the 1960s have lost their impact and must be change and adapted to the new demands of the shipping markets.     

The conflict between competition policy and the wider role of the local bus industry in Britain

Since the Transport Act of 1985, the local bus industry in Britain (outside London and Northern Ireland) has been subject to deregulation, removing previous restrictions on routes, service levels and fares. This also marked a reversal of the previous emphasis on co-ordination of services provided by different operators, and introduced competition law as applying to other industries to the local bus sector. This has been in conflict with other policy objectives aimed at stimulating greater use of public transport, such as harmonisation of ticketing systems. The underlying issues are examined, and recent changes in policy. The Local Transport Act of 2008 offers an opportunity to resolve some of these problems, and its application in Oxford is discussed as the first substantial example to date. However, a strong conflict remains between the role of competition agencies and other aspects of policy.     

LNG燃料船采用趸船加注的定量风险评估

LNG燃料船在内河水域采用趸船加注是一种可行的方式。为有效评估趸船作业中的风险,选定一艘内河LNG加注趸船,对其为一艘1万载重吨运输船加注过程开展了定量风险评估。依据评估流程,依据危险源辨识结果筛选出高危场景,同时依据国际权威数据库对高危场景进行概率分析。采用三维计算流体力学软件FLACS模拟高危场景后果,确定安全距离,并计算各场景的个人风险值。依据国内公认的风险接受准则,画出作业区域个人风险等值曲线并确定作业安全距离,保障趸船LNG加注作业的安全。     

Editorial prologue

Abstract

The economic and environmental consequences of a proposed Louisiana superport have been studied by researchers during the last three years. These studies provided technical information and management alternatives. Management alternatives included state control to avoid multiple superport developments, details for an Environmental Protection Plan, comparisons of onshore and offshore sites, and planning for ancillary development. Policy decisions which resulted include many of the recommendations of the research. It is suggested that environmental research can influence policy decisions and limit the options available to a decision maker provided some legal structure is created, quality control is implemented, and technological and environmental problems are recognized. Various analytical tools, such as energy cost accounting, group critique, and simulation models, have wide application for use in coastal zone management.     

Coastal Ecosystems and Agricultural Land Use: New Challenges on California's Central Coast

This article uses the Central Coast region of California as a case study to examine the challenges of protecting coastal ecosystems near areas of intensive agricultural production. Coastal water quality and biodiversity are greatly impacted by regional land use. Agricultural land use can have significant impacts on water quality through erosion and the runoff of agricultural chemicals. While the Central Coast region of California is a center for intensive agricultural production, it is also home to the largest marine sanctuary in the United States. This combination has resulted in intensive efforts from government agencies and conservation organizations to reduce pollution associated with agriculture. Efforts have focused on education and incentives, but are recently facing increasing challenges stemming from new standards created by the produce industry in response to food safety concerns. Personal interviews with crop growers were used to explore these challenges and to better understand the range of possible environmental impacts resulting from new food safety standards. Results indicate that substantial management changes are taking place that are likely to impact regional water quality and wildlife. This case study also explores the role of policy networks in shaping management decisions and illustrates how certain approaches to addressing agricultural pollution may be vulnerable to external policy changes.     

The Port of Baltimore: off the beaten track?

The Port of Baltimore has recently experienced alarming traffic trends. Most measures of port vitality have been going the wrong way—tonnage, ship calls, market share, steamship service. rail service. Baltimore has been squeezed by external forces and circumstances. Dergulated rail and truck rates have not favoured Baltimore, nor have railroad mergers that have led to rail traffic concentrations at rival seaports. Federal approval of dredging projects has been delaed. Crises in the labour market have created a climate of uncertainty. Global trade patterns and intermodel itineraries have shifted, again, it seems, not to Baltimore'advantage. Baltimore needs new public port policy recommendations. This paper explains some of the problems and offers preliminary suggestions.     

Enhancing the competitiveness of Korea’s container shipping industry through structural improvements

ABSTRACT

After the collapse of Hanjin Shipping in 2016, Korea faced the task of reconstructing its container shipping industry by enhancing the competitiveness of its shipping companies in a rapidly evolving market environment. Responding to this need for policy design, this study first attempts to understand the industry based on the shipping ecosystem, which comprises the following four areas: shipping finance, collection of cargo, acquisition of ships, and partnership among carriers. Second, it lists the structural problems, along with the remedial policy alternatives, that were identified after conducting in-depth interviews with industry experts, which included mid-level managers. Third, it conducts an importance-performance analysis to classify problems according to their importance and performance, followed by an analytic hierarchy process analysis to define the priorities of policy alternatives. Finally, drawing on the empirical results, the paper concludes with suggestions on an integrated policy package for the container shipping industry.     

液化气船C型液罐安装关键技术与控制要点

以实际建造的液化气运输加注船为背景，通过吊装方案确定、鞍座裕量修整、罐体落座步骤、环氧浇注固定等方面对C型液罐进行细致研究，总结整个安装过程中的关键技术及控制要点，为今后提高同类型船舶建造效率积累经验。     

Maritime transport in the Italian logistics market

In this paper, the role of Italian shipping firms in the logistic services market is defined in light of major changes under way. The first part analysed the structural characteristics of the supply and demand for logistic and transport services, in which a situation of substantial weakness emerged. This situation has favoured the large-scale entry of foreign operators on the Italian market which perceive Italy as a key node within the international scenario of transport and logistics. The second part of the paper focused on the analysis of individual areas in Italian shipping and their capacity to differentiate service by supplying value added logistic services beyond transport. The analysis showed a position of substantial marginality for Italian shipping, a position which gives rise to several doubts regarding its capacity to face the challenge of international competition successfully.     

Maritime transport in the Italian logistics market

In this paper, the role of Italian shipping firms in the logistic services market is defined in light of major changes under way. The first part analysed the structural characteristics of the supply and demand for logistic and transport services, in which a situation of substantial weakness emerged. This situation has favoured the large-scale entry of foreign operators on the Italian market which perceive Italy as a key node within the international scenario of transport and logistics. The second part of the paper focused on the analysis of individual areas in Italian shipping and their capacity to differentiate service by supplying value added logistic services beyond transport. The analysis showed a position of substantial marginality for Italian shipping, a position which gives rise to several doubts regarding its capacity to face the challenge of international competition successfully.     

Drops in the bucket? A review of onshore responses to Somali piracy

That piracy needs to be addressed onshore is a widely shared assumption. While the majority of counter-piracy measures focus on the sea, a number of onshore counter-piracy initiatives have been launched. We can observe the seeds of an alternative land-based policy approach. One set of land-based programs aims at strengthening the legal and security state apparatus to better deter and punish pirates. The other set of programs aims at addressing local populations on regional, clan or village levels. Such projects aim at increasing surveillance, sensitizing populations for the consequences of piracy, and providing rehabilitation or alternative livelihood opportunities. In this article, I review the latter type of projects and discuss the promises and difficulties of addressing piracy by such measures. I discuss five major problems: knowledge problems, implementation problems, counterintuitive consequences, tensions towards other parts of counter-piracy strategy, and the securitization of aid.     

LNG加注趸船消防安全技术研究

液化天然气（LNG）加注趸船是一种新型的LNG动力船燃料水上补给方案。加注趸船的火灾以自救为主。为了对LNG加注趸船的火灾风险进行控制,总结了LNG火灾的特点及其对人员及船上结构和设备的危害,提出了围堰、耐火结构、功能分区及水雾、水幕、高倍泡沫覆盖保护等火灾控制措施和热辐射隔挡措施,给出了固定式化学干粉灭火系统、固定式甲板泡沫灭火系统、固定式二氧化碳灭火系统等的配备建议。     

Who's using Biffex? Results from a survey of shipowners

The continued survival of the Baltic International Freight Futures Exchange (Biffex) would certainly have come as a surprise to many critics that were present at its inauguration. In an effort to explain, at least partially, the reasons for its continued existence, this paper presents the results from a behavioural and attitudinal survey of shipowners. Through the analysis of the responses received, the paper attempts to evaluate the degree of success achieved by Biffex in providing shipowners with a powerful, flexible and viable mechanism for hedging their market risk. The results imply that there is great scope for improving the acceptability of the market amongst shipowners, particularly as a hedging tool. In the light of these results, the paper comments on potential future innovations within Biffex and suggests changes in marketing policy that might lead to an increased level of acceptance amongst shipowners. In conclusion, recommendations are made with respect to aspects of Biffex that are worthy of further investigation and analysis.