共查询到20条相似文献,搜索用时 78 毫秒
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《筑路机械与施工机械化》1988,(1)
Caterpillar有限公司是一家跨国公司,总部设在美国伊利诺斯州的皮奥里亚市。该公司专门设计和制造土方工程、施工、采矿、筑路、伐木、物料搬运、石油及船用机器和设备。 Caterpillar有限公司成立于1925年,是第一家生产柴油动力履带式拖拉机的公司。从创立至今,它致力提高产品质量的宗旨仍然不变。今天,Caterpillar有限公司设计和生产的770匹马力D11N拖拉机,是世界上最大型的履带式拖拉机。D11N采用高架驱动轮是Caterpillar的专利产品。而Caterpillar’ 相似文献
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2月16日,日本内阁府宣布,按年率计算,去年10月到12月,国内生产总值(GDP)收缩12.7%。这超过预期,是1974年以来最大幅度的季度下降。日本财经官员称,日本经济陷入战后最糟糕的局面。 相似文献
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N. W. Kim D. H. Lee C. Zheng C. Shin H. Seo S. W. Cha 《International Journal of Automotive Technology》2014,15(4):625-635
Optimal control is generally not possible without information about the future coming up, and it is not easy to obtain an optimal solution even though the information is given a priori. In this paper, a control concept based on Pontryagin’s Minimum Principle (PMP) is introduced as an efficient solution to generate an optimal control trajectory for Hybrid Electric Vehicles (HVEs) when the performance of the vehicles is evaluated on scheduled driving cycles at a simulation level. The main idea of the control concept is to minimize Hamiltonian, which is interpreted as equivalent fuel consumption, and the Hamiltonian is characterized by a co-state, which is interpreted as a weighting factor for the electrical usage. A key aspect of the control problem is that an appropriate initial condition of the co-state is required to satisfy the boundary condition of the problem. In this study, techniques to calculate the Hamiltonian in different hybrid configurations are introduced, and a methodology to look for the initial condition of the co-state is studied, so that the controller is able to realize a desired State Of Charge (SOC) trajectory. To address the issue, we utilize a shooting method with multiple initial conditions based on the concept of the Newton-Raphson method, and all these techniques are realized in a backward looking simulator. The simulation results show that the PMP-based control is a very efficient approach to produce the optimal control trajectory, and the performance is compared to the optimal solution solved by Dynamic Programming (DP). 相似文献
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S. M. Park T. W. Park S. H. Lee S. W. Han S. K. Kwon 《International Journal of Automotive Technology》2010,11(1):49-56
In this study, a new concept for a power delivery system is developed. Power Shift Drive (PSD) Axle vehicle modeling and dynamic
movement analysis are performed via simulation. The dynamic vehicle model is constructed from data obtained from the derived
equation, considering the specific characteristics of each part. The model is composed of a torque converter, a gear box,
a differential, hub reduction and an engine, which is the power source of the 1st forward and reverse PSD-Axle. By unifying
the mathematical equations for each component, a mathematical model of the 1st forward gear is derived. The system dynamic
model is created using MATLAB/Simulink based on the mathematical model. Simulation is carried out using Simulink to estimate
the dynamic behavior of the PSD-Axle. In addition, the dynamo test result is used to verify the model. Finally, a successful
model is created. This study will be used to establish the basic conceptual design for the PSD-Axle multi-gear system. 相似文献
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洞口县平溪江大桥为主跨100 m的异形钢独塔斜拉桥,跨越洞口县平溪江。该桥为双索面,塔梁墩固结体系;主梁为两侧单箱单室P-K预应力混凝土混凝土箱形梁,桥梁全宽34.6 m。拉索为平行钢丝斜拉索,冷铸锚。主塔为异形钢箱结构,拉索通过钢锚箱锚固于主塔上。主跨跨越平溪江,采用悬臂浇筑法施工;锚跨位于岸上,采用现浇支架施工。 相似文献
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电控柴油机动力系统窜振控制策略研究 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
根据窜振时发动机转速波动特点设计了滤波器,提取出了窜振特征信息并设计了抑制算法;进一步将算法扩展为基于变采样周期的递推式,使之能应用于喷射控制过程的油量修正;通过对发动机转速波动频率的分析,避免了油量过度修正引起的发动机高频抖动。试验结果表明加速过程的传动系窜振现象能够被有效抑制。 相似文献
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G. H. Lee W. C. Choi S. I. Kim S. O. Kwon J. P. Hong 《International Journal of Automotive Technology》2011,12(2):291-297
This paper identifies a control method used to reduce torque ripple of a permanent magnet synchronous motor (PMSM) for an
electric power steering (EPS) system. NVH (Noise Vibration Harshness) is important for safe and convenient driving. Vibration
caused by motor torque is a problem in column type EPS systems. Maintaining a very low torque ripple is one solution that
allows for smoother steering. Theoretically, it is possible to design and drive the motor without torque ripple. However,
in reality, a PMSM system torque ripple is caused by the motor itself (saturation in the iron core and EMF distortion) and
the imperfect driver. This paper analyzes torque ripple of a PMSM system, and an advanced PMSM control method for the column
typed EPS system is presented. Results of the analysis indicate that the compensation current is needed in order to minimize
torque ripple when a PMSM is driven. 相似文献
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为解决多模式复合网络的交通配流问题,将复合网络转化为多级网络形式,并提出多级网络客流分配模型、约束条件,以及其求解算法.将多模式复合网络转化为多级网络结构.以三级网络结构为例,网络第一级为带有组合出行的方式选择网络;网络第二级为基于出行逻辑的平面拓展网络;网络第三级为小汽车出行的道路网络.分析多级网络中的路径阻抗,包括线段阻抗与换乘点阻抗,提出以N-L模型解决多级网络流量的分配问题.根据复合网络构建的实际情况,在模型中加入有效路径筛选、有效换乘筛选与典型组合方式筛选等约束条件,以提高模型求解效率.采用连续平均法对多级网络配流模型进行求解.以三模式叠加的复合网络配流为算例,模型迭代7次即达到收敛条件.结果显示,在算例网络中,轨道换乘出行方式具有一定的竞争力,约占总出行量的40%.通过SP调查验证了该结果的可靠性.该方法在考虑了路径选择、换乘点选择、组合交通方式选择的情况下,将客流分配到多模式复合网络中去,弥补了传统四阶段法在多模式交通配流应用中的不足. 相似文献
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为分析和解决城市交通拥挤问题并提高城市道路利用率提供可行的途径,提出了一种面向交通枢纽的车辆运行仿真方法,通过场景、道路与车辆的三维动态建模,实现交通枢纽交通状况的实时真实感仿真.首先,提出了基于道路关键点连接网络模型表示交通枢纽的通行道路.其次,基于粒子系统实现车辆的动态运行实时仿真,并采用基于空间剖分的车辆碰撞检测方法对车辆运动控制算法进行了优化.最终,通过对路段的动态观测和反馈机制实现车辆行驶路线的规划和调度.实验结果表明,本文提出的方法可以生动直观地呈现实际路面的交通状况,并且能以较为流畅的帧速率实现交通场景的动态仿真. 相似文献