船舶结构钢海洋环境点蚀模型研究之一:最大点蚀深度时变模型

腐蚀是导致老龄船舶结构失效的主要原因之一.结合基本点蚀原理,本文对碳钢、低合金钢海水全浸带点蚀的主要影响因素、具体点蚀进程做了简要解释与评述.针对我国船舶结构常用碳钢、低合金钢的实海腐蚀试验观测数据建立了新型Weibull函数形式的点蚀最大深度模型.通过对比验证,证明采用Weibull函数表示点蚀最大深度随时间变化关系是合适的.     

船舶结构钢海洋环境点蚀模型研究之二:实船蚀坑形态与径深比时变模型

文章基于点蚀生长原理与实船蚀坑形态检测数据,对船舶受点蚀构件的两类主要蚀坑的形态、形成机制及其随船龄演化情况作了大致描述.认为遭受点蚀船舶构件的蚀坑形态与其所处位置、服役时间等密切相关;两类蚀坑形态差异的原因在于其各自点蚀进程中的具体控制因素及相应的影响程度存在较大区别.论述证明将点蚀蚀坑径深比处理成随时间变化的函数是有理论和事实依据的;并与点蚀深度模型相结合,依据Yamamoto实测散货船货舱区肋骨蚀坑数据建立了相应的蚀坑径深比时变模型.     

钢在南海榆林海域暴露16年的腐蚀

在我国首次报道了16年长周期的海洋腐蚀数据。通过对4种典型碳钢和低合金钢在榆林海域16年试验结果的分析。阐述了不同成分钢在潮差和全浸区不同的动力学规律和耐蚀性的优劣，在榆林海域潮差和全浸区，含Cr低合金钢耐蚀性均比碳钢和其他低合金钢差，09CuPTiRe钢耐蚀性比较好。     

新型耐海水用钢0Cr17Ni12Mo3Cu3及其点蚀行为的显微研究

采用金相显微镜、Ｘ射线衍射，扫描电子显微镜（ＳＥＭ）及扫描隧道显微镜（ＳＴＭ）研究了新型耐海水用钢的显微组织及其点蚀行为。试验结果表明，该钢经１０５０℃，保温２ｈ固溶处理后，可得到单相的奥氏体组织，具有良好的抗点蚀性能。并通过ＳＴＭ的观测，得到了新型钢的超高分辨三维点蚀形貌图象，为该钢的开发应用奠定了技术基础。     

新型耐海水用钢OCrl7Ni12Mo3Cu3及其点蚀行为的显微研究

采用金相显微镜、X射线衍射、扫描电子显微镜（SEM）及扫描隧道显微镜（STM）研究了新型耐海水用钢的显微组织及其点蚀行为。试验结果表明，该钢经1050℃、保温2h固溶处理后，可得到单相的奥氏体组织，具有良好的抗点蚀性能。并通过STM的观测，得到了新型钢的超高分辨三维点蚀形貌图象，为该钢的开发应用奠定了技术基础。     

点蚀损伤钢板在空爆冲击波载荷作用下的动态响应研究

为探讨固支点蚀损伤钢板结构在空爆冲击波载荷作用下的动态响应,利用有限元分析软件Ansys/LSDYNA,开展了空爆冲击波对固支点蚀钢板板的毁伤作用数值模拟计算,探讨了点蚀损伤深度、点蚀损伤分布密度及点蚀损伤分布位置对固支钢板结构在空爆冲击波载荷作用下动态响应的影响。结果表明,点蚀损伤深度、点蚀损伤分布密度均对板的动态承载能力有较显著影响,而点蚀损伤分布位置则影响非常小。     

点蚀损伤船体结构板的极限剪切屈曲强度研究

腐蚀损伤导致船体结构板的极限承载能力大幅度下降。文章采用腐蚀体积描述板的点蚀损伤程度,模拟船体结构板的点蚀损伤形态,在点蚀损伤板模型中变化板的厚度、点蚀数目、点蚀直径以及点蚀分布等要素,实施系列有限元数值模拟计算,在进行理论分析的基础上,采用统计学方法,建立了点蚀损伤板极限剪切屈曲强度的评估方法,得到了点蚀损伤板极限剪切屈曲强度的计算公式。从而确立了基于腐蚀体积的点蚀损伤船体结构板极限剪切屈曲强度的评价技术,可为在役海船点蚀损伤后的安全性评估提供有效的技术手段。     

腐蚀疲劳点蚀演化及腐蚀疲劳裂纹成核机制研究

作为一种不可逆的热力学过程,腐蚀疲劳的点蚀演化伴随着体系能量的耗散。文章基于热力学原理,对腐蚀疲劳点蚀演化过程中的能量问题进行探索性研究。引入双变量点蚀模型,建立点蚀演化过程中体系热力学势函数,推导了点蚀形状参数在演化过程中的变化方程,并分析了体系应变能、表面能和电化学能对点蚀演化形貌的影响机制及规律。根据裂纹成核位错机理建立了腐蚀疲劳裂纹成核临界条件的能量准则,并与应力强度因子准则进行比较,分析结果验证了能量准则的合理性。     

船体结构腐蚀模型及安全性评估研究进展

为得到船舶与海洋工程结构物腐蚀规律研究领域的发展趋势,本文对国内外该领域公开发表的文章进行了综述,根据本文的研究可以发现：①经验模型出现较早,发展日趋成熟,但由于缺乏对腐蚀机理的研究,经验模型的适用性较为有限；②物理模型尚处于起步阶段,且学者们对物理模型的研究基本上是基于海水挂片试验,缺乏实船历史腐蚀数据验证；③国内外对腐蚀模型的研究大多集中于均匀腐蚀,缺乏对点蚀蚀坑形态的描述。本文所做的研究可为该领域下一步研究方向提供参考。     

轴向压力下含点蚀损伤加筋板极限强度研究

点蚀损伤常发生于船体结构,将会造成结构的局部缺失而影响船舶结构的安全性.针对船体结构的基本构件加筋板,采用非线性有限元法研究轴向压力下点蚀损伤对其极限强度的影响,考虑点蚀位置、直径、数目、深度、点蚀损失体积等影响因素,分析船体加筋板极限应力和屈曲失效模式,获得结构的极限强度,拟合影响因素和加筋板极限强度的关系曲线,定性分析了点蚀损伤对加筋板的破坏.结果表明,点蚀损伤削减了加筋板极限强度;点蚀影响因素(点蚀直径、数目、深度、损失体积)对含点蚀损伤加筋板极限强度的影响近似呈现非线性的二次单调函数关系.     

热带海洋大气环境中3004系列铝和铜电化腐蚀行为研究(英文)

The galvanic corrosion behaviour of aluminium 3004 and copper with different area ratios were studied in the tropical marine atmosphere at Tuticorin harbour over a period of 426 days. The area ratios of AAl : ACu, studied were 1:1, 1:2, 1:4, 1:8, 2:1, 4:1 8:1. The galvanic corrosion behaviour of metals was studied in terms of relative increase in the corrosion rate of aluminium due to galvanic coupling with copper, relative decrease in the corrosion rate of copper due to galvanic coupling with aluminium, and the susceptibility of aluminium to pitting owing to galvanic coupling with copper. The galvanic potential and galvanic current of the system were monitored. Pits of different dimensions ranging from mild etchings to perforations were experienced on the borders and the surfaces of the interface of aluminium in contact with copper. The weathering parameters and the environmental pollutants which have a major role in influencing the galvanic corrosion of metals were also monitored. The corrosion products resulting from galvanic corrosion were analysed using XRD and the pitting on aluminium resulting from galvanic corrosion has been highlighted in terms of pit depth, size and density of pit, using a high resolution microscope.     

An overview of maintenance management strategies for corroded steel structures in extreme marine environments

Maintenance is playing an important role in integrity management of marine assets such as ship structures, offshore renewable energy platforms and subsea oil and gas facilities. The service life of marine assets is heavily influenced by the involvement of numerous material degradation processes (such as fatigue cracking, corrosion and pitting) as well as environmental stresses that vary with geographic locations and climatic factors. The composition of seawater constituents (e.g. dissolved oxygen, salinity, temperature content, etc.) is one of the major influencing factors in degradation of marine assets. Improving the efficiency and effectiveness of maintenance management strategies can have a significant impact on operational availability and reliability of marine assets. Many research studies have been conducted over the past few decades to predict the degradation behaviour of marine structures operating under different environmental conditions. The utilisation of structural degradation data – particularly on marine corrosion – can be very useful in developing a reliable, risk-free and cost-effective maintenance strategy. This paper presents an overview of the state-of-the-art and future trends in asset maintenance management strategies applied to corroded steel structures in extreme marine environments. The corrosion prediction models as well as industry best practices on maintenance of marine steel structures are extensively reviewed and analysed. Furthermore, some applications of advanced technologies such as computerized maintenance management system (CMMS), artificial intelligence (AI) and Bayesian network (BN) are discussed. Our review reveals that there are significant variations in corrosion behaviour of marine steel structures and their industrial maintenance practices from one climatic condition to another. This has been found to be largely attributed to variation in seawater composition/characteristics and their complex mutual relationships.     

Galvanic corrosion behaviour of aluminium 3004 and copper in tropical marine atmosphere

The galvanic corrosion behaviour of aluminium 3004 and copper with different area ratios were studied in the tropical marine atmosphere at Tuticorin harbour over a period of 426 days. The area ratios OfAAI： Acu, studied were l：l, 1：2, l：4, 1：8, 2：1, 4：1 ＆ 8：1. The galvanic corrosion behaviour of metals was studied in terms of relative increase in the corrosion rate of aluminium due to galvanic coupling with copper, relative decrease in the corrosion rate of copper due to galvanic coupling with aluminium, and the susceptibility of aluminium to pitting owing to galvanic coupling with copper, The galvanic potential and galvanic current of the system were monitored. Pits of different dimensions ranging from mild etchings to perforations were experienced on the borders and the surfaces of the interface of aluminium in contact with copper. The weathering parameters and the environmental pollutants which have a major role in influencing the galvanic corrosion of metals were also monitored. The corrosion products resulting from galvanic corrosion were analysed using XRD and the pitting on aluminium resulting from galvanic corrosion has been highlighted in terms of pit depth, size and density of pit, using a high resolution microscope.     

316L金属波纹管腐蚀机理分析

316L不锈钢是一种耐蚀性较好的奥氏体不锈钢,用其加工制造的金属波纹管在海水环境中短时间内出现腐蚀穿孔现象,影响系统运行安全。本文通过对金属波纹管腐蚀形貌观察,对其材料的成分、金相组织、夹杂物、腐蚀产物、电化学特性和使用工况、生产工艺等方面进行检验和分析,得出了金属波纹管短时间内点蚀穿孔的原因,并提出延长金属波纹管使用寿命的方法。     

考虑腐蚀影响的船舶结构可靠性研究现状与展望

对近年来考虑腐蚀影响的船舶结构可靠性计算各主要研究层面的研究现状做了介绍与评述.通过这一综述可以发现:此领域研究工作重心已由考虑线性、非线性均匀腐蚀的影响逐步向局部腐蚀尤其是点腐蚀方向转变.今后的研究重点为以下三个方面,即:①发展符合基本腐蚀机理、与实测腐蚀数据较为吻合的点腐蚀多指标模型;②确定蚀点几何参数在各类荷载条件下对构件强度的影响;③深入评估腐蚀与疲劳的相互作用对结构可靠性计算的影响.     

Strength and deformability of corroded steel plates under quasi-static tensile load

The objective of this study was to estimate the strength and deformability of corroded steel plates under quasi-static uniaxial tension. In order to accurately simulate this problem, we first estimated the true stress–strain relationship of a flat steel plate by introducing a vision sensor system to the deformation measurements in tensile tests. The measured true stress–stain relationship was then applied to a series of nonlinear implicit three-dimensional finite element analyses using commercial code LS-DYNA. The strength and deformability of steel plates with various pit sizes, degrees of pitting intensity, and general corrosion were estimated both experimentally and numerically. The failure strain in relation to the finite element mesh size used in the analyses was clarified. Two different steels having yield ratios of 0.657 and 0.841 were prepared to examine the material effects on corrosion damage. The strength and deformability did not show a clear dependence on the yield ratios of the present two materials, whereas a clear dependence was shown with respect to the surface configuration such as the minimum cross-sectional area of the specimens, the maximum depth of the pit cusp from the mean corrosion diminution level, and pitting patterns. Empirical formulae for the reduction of deformability and the reduction of energy absorption of pitted plates were proposed which may be useful in strength assessment when examining the structural integrity of aged corroded structures.     

阴极保护30年码头钢板桩腐蚀状况

钢板桩入海35年,阴极保护运行30年。未发现板桩有腐蚀穿孔、腐蚀破损等现象,平均腐蚀减薄0.84 mm,平均蚀余厚度是原始厚度的95%;腐蚀减薄从大到小依次为水位变动区、浅水区、水中区和泥面区,泊位中段一根凸桩浅水区位置的减薄最大,为2.60 mm;凸桩和凹桩的平均蚀余厚度相差不大,凸桩不均匀腐蚀大于凹桩。阴极保护有效地抑制了海水对钢板桩的腐蚀。     

船用冷凝器冷却管的腐蚀剩余寿命预测方法研究

针对船用冷凝器的主要失效模式-冷却管点蚀穿孔,用Gumbel分布拟合冷凝器冷却管最大腐蚀深度的概率分布,用长磨合期磨损速度公式拟合呈指数衰减形式的冷却管腐蚀速度,通过对最早泄漏时间预测值时刻的可靠度赋值,得到满足期望可靠度的最大腐蚀深度估计值及腐蚀剩余寿命.基于积累的腐蚀数据和船用冷凝器剖管分析报告,进行了实例计算.该方法是对腐蚀数据统计分析理论及腐蚀寿命预测理论的合理补充,且在确定设备检修时间及报废时间方面具有一定的应用价值.