随机波浪作用下砂质海床中的孔隙水压力响应

本文以动弹性固结理论和线性渗流理论为基础，建立了求解随机波浪作用下饱和砂质海床中孔隙水压力响应的有限元方程，并用Wilson-θ法进行动力响应求解。海床可为具有任何边界条件的分层分块介质，作用波浪可为任何形态的随机波浪。忽略波浪和海床的动态相互作用，海床面上的波浪压力可先按各种波浪理论进行计算，之后作为边界塔荷载作用于海床。计算孔隙水压力与模型实验的量测值吻合较好。通过计算讨论分析了砂质海床中的孔隙水压力响应。     

有限厚度非均质海床对非线性波浪响应的有限元模拟

本文在Biot多孔介质动力固结理论的基础上,对有限厚度砂质海床与非线性波浪的相互作用进行了有限元数值模拟.进行参量研究,分析了波浪非线性、海床非均质性和相对厚度等因素对海床土层内超孔隙水压力分布的影响.     

非线性立波作用下砂质海床动力响应及液化研究

利用傅立叶级数近似法求解非线性立波作用下海床表面波压力,基于波浪作用下海床动力响应的二维准静态模型以及液化判定标准,模拟非线性立波作用下海床动力响应以及液化深度。线性与非线性立波计算结果比较表明:当相对水深较大时,非线性立波波峰处波压力出现双峰,波谷处的波压力明显大于线性立波波谷处波压力;海床中孔隙水压力在波峰时也表现出双峰型特性,且波谷时的海床压力增大;在相同波浪条件下,非线性立波作用下海床更易液化,且液化深度大于线性立波作用下液化深度。     

沉箱防波堤沙质底床对波浪动态响应的研究

海床破坏同孔隙水压力的分布有着密切的关系。利用波浪水槽试验,对波浪作用下沙质底床的孔隙水压力响应进行了研究。试验中观测了不同波况条件下自由底床和有抛石基床防波堤的土体孔隙水压力的变化。结果分析表明,土体孔隙水压力受波高、周期、水深、泥沙粒径、沙床厚度的影响较大,建堤后,底床中的孔隙水压力会增大;堤中断面以前海床中的孔隙水压力均较大。     

波浪作用下砂质海床最大液化深度

根据线性波浪作用下饱和海床内孔隙水压力分布的解析解和波浪作用下海床液化的判别准则,推导了均匀海床最大液化深度的计算公式,并根据该公式提出了防止海床液化措施的建议。     

复合筒型基础周围土体在波浪作用下的动力响应

利用OpenFOAM模拟数值波浪水槽,将复合筒型基础周围海床受到的波压力作为初始条件输入有限元软件ABAQUS,建立波浪作用下海床动力响应模型。数值模拟结果与实验结果及解析解吻合较好。运用此模型进行了复合筒型基础周围海床在行进波作用下动力响应研究和土体特性对波浪作用下海床动力响应的影响分析,结果表明,海床孔隙水压衰减速度随着海床渗透系数和弹性模量的增加而增大。     

波浪作用下海床孔压滞后现象研究

利用室内实验模拟了波浪作用并对海床土中孔隙水压力的变化进行了监测,发现不同深度处的孔压存在的滞后性,研究了滞后性的具体表现形式。然后改变波浪的周期和土样的粒度级配进行对比试验,得到影响滞后性的诸因素:饱和度、波浪周期、波高、粒度级配、渗透性。     

波浪作用下海上风力发电装置基础海床的液化研究

基于FLOW软件建立三维数值波浪水池模型,模拟海上风力发电装置筒型基础周边的波浪场和海床表面的波压力,利用有限元软件ABAQUS建立筒型基础及周边海床的三维动力响应数值模型,研究不同波浪条件下筒型基础周边海床的动力响应和液化深度。研究结果表明：波浪作用下海上风电筒型基础迎浪侧的海床易发生液化,风力发电装置基础周围海床的液化深度随波高加大而增加,由于筒型基础的人土深度较大,筒内土体不发生液化。     

动水压力作用下堤防边坡流固耦合渗流特性研究

将堤防边坡土体简化为由固体土骨架和水组成的饱和介质,考虑动水压力引起的土骨架体积应变,引入堤防边坡土体孔隙率和渗透率的动态变化表达式,运用饱和土力学和流体力学理论构建了动水压力作用下堤防边坡的流固耦合渗流方程。选取某堤防边坡工程实例,借助COMSOL软件进行了数值模拟。研究结果表明:动水压力会引起固体土骨架的压缩变形,土的孔隙率提高,流水的渗流路径较远,在堤防边坡设计和研究时应充分考虑孔隙水渗流压力引起的体积变形;堤防边坡的沉降主要发生在临水边坡一侧,渗流作用引起的边坡沉降较小。     

波浪作用下可渗沙质海床模型相似率研究*

海床渗流是海洋工程设计中重点考虑的因素之一，其影响着建筑物的稳定性，严重时还会引起海床液化。现有波浪与海床相互作用的有关研究尚未解决实验室内海床的模拟方法问题。基于此，进行波浪作用下可渗沙质海床模型相似率研究，通过系列波浪水槽物理模型试验，基于原型孔隙水压力与模型值相似的条件，提出实验室内模拟海床的相似准则。结果表明：沙质海床相似比尺与模型几何比尺的关系为λ海床=λ1/3。     

Dynamics of ships running aground

A comprehensive dynamic model is presented for analysis of the transient loads and responses of the hull girder of ships running aground on relatively plane sand, gravel, or rock sea bottoms. Depending on the seabed soil characteristics and the geometry of the ship bow, the bow will plow into the seabed to some extent. The soil forces are determined by a mathematical model based on a theory for frictional soils in rupture and dynamic equilibrium of the fluid phase in the saturated soil. The hydrodynamic pressure forces acting on the decelerated ship hull are determined by taking into account the effect of shallow water. Hydrodynamic memory effects on the transient hull motions are modeled by application of an impulse response technique. The ship hull is modeled as an elastic beam to determine the structural response in the form of flexural and longitudinal stress waves caused by the transient ground reaction and hydrodynamic forces. A number of numerical analysis results are presented for a VLCC running aground. The results include bow trajectory in the seabed, time variation of the grounding force, and the maximum values of the sectional shear forces and bending moments in the hull girder.     

海底管道悬跨段的近壁圆柱绕流分析

海底管道靠近海床表面处受海流冲刷,管道与海床表面产生一定间隙,该间隙与管道直径的比值定义为间隙比。通过数值模拟和物理模型试验,研究间隙比对管道绕流的水动力特性的影响。物理模型试验中,六分力天平测得管道的阻力和升力,数值模拟研究管道尾流流态和旋涡发放频率。结果表明:间隙比低于某临界值时,海床的存在阻碍了剪切层与层外流动间的相互作用,抑制层内涡量的传递,下游旋涡得不到充分发展,发放频率有所降低;海床壁面加剧管道两侧压力分布不均匀,压力差增加,因而管道阻力和升力增大;间隙比高于某临界值时,海床的抑制作用逐渐削弱,旋涡脱落趋于规则,海床未对绕流产生较大影响,管道受力随之趋于稳定。该研究可为海流冲刷引起的海底管道悬跨现象的安全设计提供理论指导。     

ABAQUS–OlaFlow integrated numerical model for fluid–seabed–structure interaction

In this study, a new one-way integrated numerical model for fluid–seabed–structure interaction is established by integrating the finite element software, ABAQUS, and the open-source fluid dynamics package, OlaFlow. In this new model, the generation and propagation of ocean waves as well as the seepage flow in a porous medium are controlled by OlaFlow; concurrently, the wave-induced dynamic responses of a porous seabed and marine structures are governed by ABAQUS. The reliability of this new model is validated by an analytical solution and a series of wave flume tests. The comparison results show that the new established model has high reliability and feasibility. Finally, this new integrated model is utilized for investigating the wave-induced dynamics of a composite breakwater and its seabed foundation as well as to evaluate the residual horizontal sliding displacement of the caisson of this composite breakwater under wave impact. Because this new integrated numerical model can fully utilize the advantages of both ABAQUS and OlaFlow, it is expected to have broad prospects for application in engineering practice.     

Assessment of submarine pipeline damages subjected to falling object impact considering the effect of seabed

Untrenched submarine pipelines lying on the seabed are vulnerable and can be damaged by the impact of falling objects. This may cause significant economic costs for repair and even environmental contamination in case of rupture and oil leakage. This paper presents assessment of submarine pipeline damage subjected to falling object impact considering the effect of seabed through nonlinear explicit dynamic finite element modelling. The numerical model was first verified against existing experimental results and established studies. A total of 209 cases of parametric study was then conducted to assess pipeline damage by accounting for various factors, including object mass, velocity and seabed conditions. The results show that the pipeline damage can be directly related to the impact kinetic energy of the falling object for pipelines sitting on rigid bed. In other words, falling objects with the same impact energy (while mass and velocity may vary) cause the same damage to a pipeline. For a pipeline on a soil seabed, however, this study shows that pipeline damage is no longer simplistically determined by the impact kinetic energy of the falling objects. Falling objects with different mass and velocity may cause different pipeline damages, even though the impact energy is the same. It is interesting to find out that objects with a smaller mass (i.e. higher velocity) tend to cause greater damage than objects with a greater mass (i.e. lower velocity), when the total impact kinetic energy of the falling objects is the same. These observations are explored in this paper, which is explained with the variation of the energy absorption due to the existence of soil seabed.     

近岛礁超大型浮体连接器载荷研究

对于布置在岛礁附近的浮体,复杂海底地形的作用不可忽略.文章基于RMFC模型,同时将地形作为固定物体,研究了复杂海底地形对布置于岛礁附近的超大型浮体的运功响应和连接器载荷的影响.数值计算结果表明,地形的存在对浮体绕射力存在显著的影响,同时增加了低频区域的连接器载荷.     

运动海床对近海风机单桩基础的影响

以东海大桥海上风电场为研究背景,首先基于Biot固结理论求解了不同波况下多层非均质土体的位移、超孔压的分布,讨论了波浪荷载对海床运动的影响。而后基于土体位移计算结果,应用支座位移加载法与p-y曲线法相结合的方法,求解了运动海床作用下近海风机单桩基础的内力和变形,并将其结果与不考虑运动海床作用的结果进行了对比。对比结果显示:运动海床对桩身的变形影响显著,设计中有必要进行运动海床作用下的变形校核。     

Dynamic model of cable tension and configuration for vessel at anchor

Journal of Marine Science and Technology - A numerical model considering the seabed friction is developed to investigate the dynamic behavior of anchor cable in this paper. In the model, the anchor...     

海流--管道--海床之间动力相互作用的量纲分析及实验模拟装置研制

海底管道涡激振动和管道周围海床冲刷是海流--管道--海床之间复杂的动力耦合问题.文章应用量纲分析方法对海流、管道与海床之间的动力耦合作用进行了分析,确定了在实验模拟中应遵循的相似准则.在此基础上,研制了一套能模拟海流、海床与海底管道之间相互作用的实验模拟装置.初步实验结果表明文中研制的实验模拟装置能够模拟典型海洋环境下海底管道的涡激振动和管道周围海床冲刷等问题.