船首形状对舷侧结构碰撞性能的影响研究

船舶碰撞问题一直是船舶力学界研究的热点,但以往的研究并没有深入分析各类船舶的不同艏部形状对碰撞性能所产生的影响.为此利用数值仿真软件MSC/Dytran,对具有不同曲率的球鼻型船首和不同张角的常规船首撞击下舷侧结构的碰撞性能进行了定量的比较研究.结果表明,撞击船首部形状对被撞船舷侧结构的碰撞性能产生显著的影响,撞击船球鼻曲率形状参数越小或艏部张角越大,舷侧结构极限撞深提高,碰撞力增大,极限撞深时的吸能增多.     

基于网格变形技术的某船用球鼻碰撞性能研究

当石油运输船舶发生碰撞事故时,船侧破裂将会导致海洋环境污染,随着运输船舶的吨位日益增加,双层船壳设计已经无法满足船舶对抗碰撞性能的要求,在船首设计中采用球鼻结构成为船舶制造领域的研究热点。本文对船舶球鼻碰撞模型进行深入研究,利用网格变形技术对船用球鼻碰撞性能进行仿真实验。     

钛合金材料球鼻艏耐撞性能研究

球鼻艏通常作为船舶声呐导流罩,其耐撞性分析极为重要,文章基于非线性有限元显式动态分析方法研究了钛合金球鼻艏碰撞损伤变形、碰撞力和碰撞吸能机理,并与普通不锈钢球鼻艏进行了对比,结果表明在相同的工况下钛合金球鼻艏的平均碰撞力比不锈钢减少了64.3%,吸能时间比不锈钢减少了75.7%,说明相对于普通不锈钢,钛合金表现出良好的耐撞性。     

油轮艏部结构碰撞特性研究

在船舶碰撞中,船艏是主要作用方.船艏结构的碰撞特性是影响船-船碰撞过程中被撞船舷侧结构损伤程度的决定因素.为减少碰撞事故损失,应从碰撞的观点对船艏结构的特性进行研究,提出一种研究船艏的碰撞特性的方法及表征船艏碰撞特性的特征量,据以改进船艏设计.根据船艏结构本身的碰撞破损过程,对船艏结构碰撞力与破损深度的关系、艏部构件在碰撞过程中的损伤形态和能量耗散进行了研究,指出碰撞力曲线是船艏结构的一种固有特性.提出了碰撞力面积密度曲线的概念,它可以用于定量表达船艏结构对其它结构的破坏能力.利用有限元数值模拟方法计算了一艘4万吨船艏的碰撞损坏实例,显示了上述碰撞特征并讨论了提高碰撞数值模拟计算精度的方法.     

高强度钢缓冲型船艏研究

在船舶碰撞事故中，一般船侧的破损程度比船艏大，从环境保护的全局意识及降低整体经济损失的角度出发，应该在保证船艏结构在能够承受常规载荷的前提下适当地减小其纵向刚度，使其在撞击船侧时导致船侧破损的可能性降低。笔者从损伤形态，碰撞力，碰撞力密度和能量吸收等方面对采用高强度钢的缓冲船艏进行研究，发现船艏结构采用高强度钢在等强度的条件下，可减少结构的板厚和船艏结构的临界压溃载荷，从而降低对被撞船舶侧结构的破坏。     

基于CFD的金枪鱼延绳钓渔船球鼻艏形状研究

以49.5 m金枪鱼延绳钓渔船为研究对象,为了得到具有较好阻力性能的球鼻艏,首先设计撞角型球鼻艏,通过CFD方法得到撞角型球鼻艏渔船的阻力性能并与模型试验结果进行比较,两者吻合较好;然后通过改变球艏的伸出长度、形心浸深和体积为该船设计水滴型和S-V上翘型球鼻艏,对水滴型和S-V上翘型球鼻艏形式的船体阻力性能进行数值模拟。通过比较三种不同球鼻艏形式下船体的阻力性能,结果显示:该型延绳钓渔船使用撞角型球鼻艏具有较好的减阻效果。     

基于ANSYS/LS-DYNA的船冰碰撞数值分析

在极地海域复杂环境下,船舶在长距离航行中一旦与冰山或大冰块发生碰撞,极短时间内会产生巨大的冲击载荷,可能造成非常严重的海上事故等。运用有限元分析法,借助有限元分析软件ANSYS/LSDYNA对相关船舶球鼻艏与冰的碰撞情况进行数值分析,得到船舶球鼻艏结构的能量-时间关系曲线,以及碰撞力-时间关系曲线,并对各种碰撞参数所导致的结果进行定性的分析和讨论,得到不同初速度的船与冰碰撞以及不同吨位的船与冰碰撞对船舶球鼻艏破损情况的影响,对船冰碰撞领域的研究有一定的指导意义。     

基于Maxsurf球鼻艏型线的船舶减阻方法

为了探究球鼻艏宽度与船舶快速性的关系,在对某渔政船的主尺度和机型已定的情况下,针对相同船型设计了三种不同宽度的球鼻艏,利用maxsurf软件中的新细长体理论,首先计算原船的兴波阻力系数和有效功率,并将计算结果和船模试验值相比较,结果表明该方法和试验值较为接近;接着计算三种不同球鼻艏的船的兴波阻力系数和有效功率。结果表明适当增加球鼻艏的宽度可以减小船舶的兴波阻力,提高船舶有效功率,进而提高了船舶的快速性。     

基于不同形式和刚度撞击船艏的舷侧结构碰撞性能研究

为了研究撞击船艏形状及刚度对碰撞历程损伤变形产生的影响,利用数值仿真软件MSC/Dytran,对不同形式及刚度的球艏型船艏撞击下被撞船舷侧结构的碰撞性能进行了定量的分析研究.结果表明:船艏形式及刚度对船舶碰撞安全性会产生影响,撞击船艏部与被撞船舷侧的接触面积越大,舷侧结构吸能越多,其碰撞安全性也就越好.考虑实际船艏结构刚度的影响可以提高极限撞深,从而增加舷侧各构件的吸能效果,对舷侧结构的碰撞安全性有利.     

再见球鼻艏……

球鼻艏的目的是调整船舶航行时产生的波浪,但目前各大班轮公司实行减速航行后,因海浪波动幅度较以往减小,球鼻艏的存在反而增加了船舶运行阻力。近日,马士基航运做出一项激进的举措,称将去除旗下集装箱船的球鼻艏,预计每艘船将节省 1%至 2%的燃料。     

舰艏结构的碰撞损伤性能研究

船舶碰撞事故往往会引起被撞船的船体结构严重损坏,并且威胁船上人员的生命安全.在船一船碰撞中被撞船的损伤程度取决于两个方面:一是舷侧结构的碰撞性能;二是撞击船艏结构的相对刚度.船舶的艏部结构刚度一般远远高于舷侧结构的刚度,在船舶碰撞研究时,通常将撞头理想化为刚体,不考虑其损伤变形和能量吸收,这样做实际上过于保守.本文针对舰船,主要研究舰艏结构的碰撞损伤特性,将撞击舰艏作为可变形结构进行数值仿真研究,得到了一些艏部变形的规律.     

A study on collision buffer characteristic of sharp entrance angle bow structure

SEA-Arrow (sharp entrance angle bow like an arrow) has no protrusion of the bulbous bow to reduce bow waves and has a transverse stiffening system in the narrow bow space to apply the buffer bow concept. This system has lower longitudinal stiffness than a conventional longitudinal stiffening system and therefore has buffer characteristic in ship-to-ship collision. A comparative collision study of SEA-Arrow and the conventional bulbous bow was conducted using elasto-plastic finite element analysis. A collision scenario where the striking ship hits the side shell of tanker midship perpendicularly was selected. The results showed that the buffer bow characteristic of SEA-Arrow is superior to that of the conventional bulbous bow, since much more energy is dissipated by the plastic deformation of striking and struck ships until the inner shell of struck ship ruptures.     

Model test on the collapse strength of the buffer bow structures

The adoption of double hull system in the side hull of oil tanker has been recognized as an effective countermeasure to prevent a disastrous damage induced by collision accident which might cause cargo oil spill from a struck oil tanker. However, when considering that ocean-going vessels are increasing not only in size but also in speed, a threat of disastrous collision accident should be further mitigated even on the responsibility of striking ships.A series of crush tests using scale models of the buffer bow has been carried out. The test results were compared with those obtained by FEA simulation and a simple analysis. The performance of the buffer bow is discussed focusing on the collapse mechanism and the P–δ characteristics. Then the guidelines for the practical design of buffer bow structure are presented.     

柔性、刚性球艏对双壳舷侧结构耐撞性能影响的研究

采用非线性显示动力有限元软件LS_DYNA,对舷侧双壳结构在柔性和刚性球艏撞击下的动力响应进行仿真研究.采用全船有限元模型,考虑船体周围附连水质量对结构动力响应的影响.给出了碰撞力-撞深、能量-撞深曲线以及各构件吸收的能量.仿真结果表明:不同球艏撞击下舷侧内外壳板的破裂时刻、撞深和舷侧结构变形性能都有所不同.     

Analysis of structural crashworthiness of double-hull ships in collision and grounding

A conceptual design framework for collision and grounding analysis is proposed to evaluate the crashworthiness of double-hull structures. This work attempts to simplify the input parameters needed for the analysis, which can be considered as a step towards a design-oriented procedure against collision and grounding. Four typical collision and grounding scenarios are considered: (1) side structure struck by a bulbous bow, (2) side structure struck by a straight bow, (3) bottom raking, (4) bottom stranding. The analyses of these scenarios are based on statistical data of striking ship dimensions, velocities, collision angles and locations, as well as seabed shapes and sizes, grounding depth and location. The evaluation of the damage extent considers the 50- and 90-percentile values from the statistics of collision and grounding accidents. The external dynamics and internal mechanics are combined to analyse systematically the ship structural damage and energy absorption under accidental loadings.     

船艏横向加强框架对船艏耐撞性能的影响

在撞击过程中船艏结构的典型损伤是外壳板和内加筋的褶皱，撕裂和弯曲。在以前的船舶结构的碰撞分析的简化方法或数值模拟中往往略去横向肋骨框架对船艏碰撞性能的影响。本文利用有限元数值仿真方法研究了横向肋骨框架在碰撞损坏过程中的作用，发现其对船艏结构的损伤形态、碰撞力及能量耗散有重要影响。因而是碰撞计算中不可忽略的因素。     

On the global ship hull bending energy in ship collisions

During ship collisions part of the kinetic energy of the involved vessels immediately prior to contact is absorbed as energy dissipated by crushing of the hull structures, by friction and by elastic energy. The purpose of this report is to present an estimate of the elastic energy that can be stored in elastic hull vibrations during a ship collision.When a ship side is strengthened in order to improve the crashworthiness it has been argued in the scientific literature that a non-trivial part of the energy released for structural deformation during the collision can be absorbed as elastic energy in global ship hull vibrations, such that with strong ship sides less energy has to be spent in crushing of the striking ship bow and/or the struck ship side.In normal ship–ship collision analyses both the striking and struck ship are usually considered as rigid bodies where structural crushing is confined to the impact location and where local and global bending vibration modes are neglected. That is, the structural deformation problem is considered quasi-static. In this paper a simple uniform free–free beam model is presented for estimating the energy transported into the global bending vibrations of the struck ship hull during ship–ship collisions. The striking ship is still considered as a rigid body. The local interaction between the two ships is modeled by a linear load–deflection relation.The analysis results for a simplified model of a struck coaster and of a large tanker show that the elastic energy absorbed by the struck ship normally is small and varies from 1 to 6% of the energy released for crushing. The energy stored as elastic global hull girder vibrations depends on the ship mass, the local stiffness of the side structure, and of the position of contact. The results also show that in case of highly strengthened ship sides the maximum global bending strains during collisions can lead to hull failure.     

撞角球鼻艏形式和参数变化对阻力影响的研究

通过数值计算及模型试验确定了撞角球鼻艏形式和参数对阻力的影响。针对3个形式各异的球鼻艏方案,开展了CFD计算和模型试验,结果显示:当傅汝德数为0.28时,撞角球鼻艏的剩余阻力系数比无球鼻艏的剩余阻力系数约小20%。以8个主要参数各异的撞角球鼻艏方案为对象,采用CFD技术分析了撞角球鼻艏的参数变化对兴波阻力的影响,并确定了撞角球鼻艏的宽度比和纵向长度比对兴波阻力系数的影响。