考虑焊接残余应力的船体板结构屈曲强度

传统的船体板结构屈曲计算模型一般为完整板格模型,但在实际中焊接残余应力的影响是不可避免的。针对这一问题,基于有限元热-力顺序耦合方法,计算加筋板在单轴压缩载荷下的屈曲特征值,结果表明纵筋间距越大,焊接残余应力对加筋板稳定性的影响越大;纵筋长细比越大,焊接残余应力对加筋板稳定性的影响越小。与Recking No.23模型试验对比,验证了热-力顺序耦合方法的有效性和应用价值。     

铝合金加筋板焊接温度场和残余应力数值模拟

为了掌握铝合金加筋板角接焊过程的温度响应和结构响应,基于顺序耦合法开展了 5083铝合金加筋板角接焊的数值模拟,其中采用了双椭球热源模拟M1G焊的热输入,并通过生死单元法模拟焊料填充,较精确地模拟了铝合金MIG焊的焊接过程.数值结果较好地反映了铝合金角接焊时结构的温度变化特征,残余应力计算结果表明:焊缝处的最大焊接残余应力与材料屈服限相当;不同约束方式下的焊接残余应力分量的峰值差异很小,沿焊缝中心和板中线的残余应力分布也基本一致.     

削斜筋板架的抗屈曲能力研究

根据CSR高级屈曲分析方法,运用有限元软件ABAQUS,研究削斜筋板架的屈曲能力,计算了5筋板架、小削斜筋板架、削斜筋板架以及4筋板架的屈服强度以及极限强度。结果表明：加强筋削斜后,加筋板屈服强度的下降比极限强度更明显;在纵向载荷条件下,承载能力随着加强筋的削斜而降低,而在横向载荷条件下,其极限强度没有明显下降。     

JU2000E自升式钻井平台桩腿TKY节点 焊接残余应力分析

Ju2000E自升式钻井平台的桩腿TKY节点由于焊接结构复杂，各构件采用高强度大厚板，焊缝多且不规则，焊接残余应力分布复杂，对其评估焊接残余应力非常困难。如今焊接残余应力表面测量配合应力计算是最有效的方法，本文采用一系列的高效计算方法实现了桩腿TKY节点焊接残余应力的高效计算，并通过X衍射法和小孔法验证了计算的可靠性，同时通过计算机模拟软件建立的三维实体模型分析了该结构的应力分布特征。计算结果表明，整个模拟件各方向的峰值拉应力出现在半圆板焊接区域表层，特别是焊趾位置呈现较大的应力集中，而焊缝材料的屈服强度相对半圆板材料屈服强度低，故焊缝区域的各方向拉应力幅值稍低于半圆板焊接区域；整个模拟件各焊缝区域从外到内部的等效应力呈现300-600MPa的较大应力，靠近半圆板的焊趾位置出现较大应力集中，等效应力达到600MPa以上。     

船体板架纵骨错位对焊接变形及应力的影响

在船体板架的焊接工序中,由于制造误差产生的纵骨错位问题对焊接过程及焊接质量产生不利影响。以典型船体板架为例,在纵骨强制对齐的基础上采用顺序耦合的热弹塑性有限元法对其焊接过程进行数值仿真分析,研究纵骨错位量对焊接变形和应力的影响规律。结果表明,随着错位量的增加,错位纵骨两侧板格焊接变形分布的不对称性逐渐增强,左右两侧板格变形差值最大可增加3.7倍,且当错位量一定时,外板厚度越小纵骨错位的影响越大。此外,纵骨强制装配产生的应力与板架焊后残余应力均随错位量的增大而增加,当错位量为10 mm时,残余拉应力与压应力分别是纵骨未错位情况下的4.4倍与4.9倍。     

船舶甲板分段纵骨焊接变形和残余应力数值模拟

基于非线性分析软件Abaqus,采用顺序耦合的热弹塑性有限元方法研究典型船舶甲板分段纵骨焊接的变形与残余应力问题。焊接过程中的温度场分析采用具有截面积分shell单元的shell/solid模型,移动热源为高斯分布与均匀体组合热源,材料考虑应变随温度变化的特性。通过与T型接头焊接实验结果对比,验证了方法的可靠性。在此基础上,计算分析了甲板分段纵骨焊接的整体变形和局部板格变形,并讨论了外板纵向和横向焊接残余应力分布规律。     

超声冲击对海洋工程大厚度高强钢焊接残余应力的影响

对海洋工程大厚度高强钢焊接结构焊后焊缝及母材进行局部超声冲击处理,采用X射线衍射法和小孔法测试冲击前后的残余应力,分析超声冲击工艺对焊接残余应力的影响.研究结果表明:大厚度高强钢焊接结构经覆盖焊缝及母材局部超声冲击处理后,焊接残余应力显著降低,冲击区域拉应力全部转化为压应力,压应力大小均匀,XRD测试压应力均值达到母材理论屈服强度的0.50~0.80倍,小孔法测试压应力均值达到母材理论屈服强度的1.10~1.30倍;EQ47拘束态高强钢焊接结构分别采用冲击强度10 s/cm2与20 s/cm2冲击后,冲击区域形成的压应力基本一致,纵向应力与横向应力大小接近,20 s/cm2冲击强度下纵向应力与横向应力接近水平优于10 s/cm2.     

复杂结构焊接残余应力超声冲击处理调控

为降低焊接结构残余应力,提高构件性能和服役安全性,提出超声冲击处理调控焊接残余应力的方法。通过综述国内外学者对超声冲击处理的研究现状,分析超声冲击对复杂焊接结构应力影响的案例。分析结果表明:超声冲击能在冲击区造成2～4 mm压缩应力层;压缩应力峰值达到屈服强度的0. 8～1. 3倍;超声冲击对横向和纵向应力的调控效果一致。     

预拉伸法降低异种钢焊接残余应力的作用研究

采用热弹塑性有限元法计算了Q235钢与304不锈钢平板对接焊在不同预拉伸应力作用下的焊接残余应力场,计算结果表明,焊接残余应力呈现非对称式分布,纵向残余应力的峰值均出现在304不锈钢一侧且高于其屈服强度。预置纵向拉伸应力能显著降低纵向焊接残余应力,而且当预置拉伸应力越大时（低于屈服强度）,降低焊接残余应力的效果越明显。采用红外热像仪测量了焊接过程中焊接材料表面的温度变化情况,有限元计算的结果与其符合较好。     

焊接顺序对船体分段的焊接变形影响

采用固有应变法仿真计算不同焊接顺序下船体分段的焊接变形。研究结果表明,在三种焊接顺序下,船体分段整体呈现外张趋势;同一焊接顺序下,纵骨越靠近舷侧,垂向变形越大;从横向和垂向焊接变形来看,先由船中向两舷对称地焊接横向构件,再由船中向两舷对称地焊接纵向构件,即焊接方案A为船体分段较优焊接顺序。     

基于强化散热的焊后冷源宽度对焊接残余应力的影响

鉴于冷源长度方向尺寸对焊趾位置残余应力峰值的影响不大，本文着重分析冷源宽度方向尺寸对焊后残余应力的影响。本文利用干冰作为焊后冷源介质跟随焊枪同步运动，基于热弹塑性有限元方法，对AH36高强钢薄板随焊激冷的焊接方法进行了模拟。分析了冷源相对于焊缝的宽窄关系对随焊激冷控制残余应力的影响，从而可以对干冰的喷嘴形状设计进行指导，以优化焊后冷源控制应力应变的效果，推进“低应力无变形”焊接技术在船舶领域的发展与应用。结果表明，在焊后施加冷源可以达到降低低应力无变形的效果。其中，在所施加焊后冷源宽度较焊缝宽的情况下，较其他两种宽度冷源控制应力与变形的效果更佳，板中心纵向残余应力可由常规焊的484Mpa减少到375Mpa，减少了109Mpa。     

Effect of welding sequence on residual stress and distortion in flat-bar stiffened plates

Numerical simulation based on finite element modelling is used to study the influence of welding sequences on the distribution of residual stress and distortion generated when welding a flat-bar stiffener to a steel plate. The simulation consists of sequentially coupled thermal and structural analyses using an element birth and death technique to model the addition of weld metal to the workpiece. The temperature field during welding and the welding-induced residual stress and distortion fields are predicted and results are compared with experimental measurements and analytical predictions. The effect of four welding sequences on the magnitude of residual stress and distortion in both the plate and the stiffener is investigated and their effects on the ultimate strength of the stiffened plate under uniaxial compression are discussed. Appropriate conclusions and recommendations regarding the welding sequence are presented.     

定位焊顺序对单面埋弧焊接头残余应力和变形的影响（英文）

Submerged arc welding(SAW) is advantageous for joining high thickness materials in large structure due to high material deposition rate. The non-uniform heating and cooling generates the thermal stresses and subsequently the residual stresses and distortion. The longitudinal and transverse residual stresses and angular distortion are generally measured in large panel structure of submerged arc welded fillet joints. Hence, the objective of this present work is to quantify the amount of residual stress and distortion in and around the weld joint due to positioning of stiffeners tack. The tacking sequence influences the level of residual stress and proper controlling of tacking sequences is required to minimize the stress. In present study, an elasto-plastic material behavior is considered to develop the thermo mechanical model which predicts the residual stress and angular distortion with varying tacking sequences. The simulated result reveals that the tacking sequence heavily influences the residual stress and deformation pattern of the single sided fillet joint. The finite element based numerical model is calibrated by comparing the experimental data from published literature. Henceforth, the angular distortions are measured from an in-house developed experimental set-up. A fair agreement between the predicted and experimental results indicates the robustness of the developed numerical model. However, the most significant conclusion from present study states that tack weld position should be placed opposite to the fillet weld side to minimize the residual stress.     

Influence of tacking sequence on residual stress and distortion of single sided fillet submerged arc welded joint

Submerged arc welding (SAW) is advantageous for joining high thickness materials in large structure due to high material deposition rate. The non-uniform heating and cooling generates the thermal stresses and subsequently the residual stresses and distortion. The longitudinal and transverse residual stresses and angular distortion are generally measured in large panel structure of submerged arc welded fillet joints. Hence, the objective of this present work is to quantify the amount of residual stress and distortion in and around the weld joint due to positioning of stiffeners tack. The tacking sequence influences the level of residual stress and proper controlling of tacking sequences is required to minimize the stress. In present study, an elasto-plastic material behavior is considered to develop the thermo mechanical model which predicts the residual stress and angular distortion with varying tacking sequences. The simulated result reveals that the tacking sequence heavily influences the residual stress and deformation pattern of the single sided fillet joint. The finite element based numerical model is calibrated by comparing the experimental data from published literature. Henceforth, the angular distortions are measured from an in-house developed experimental set-up. A fair agreement between the predicted and experimental results indicates the robustness of the developed numerical model. However, the most significant conclusion from present study states that tack weld position should be placed opposite to the fillet weld side to minimize the residual stress.     

大型核电厚壁结构X射线衍射法残余应力测试

采用X射线衍射法（ XRD）对大型核电厚壁结构堆芯板端面、堆芯板与吊篮筒体环焊缝焊前焊后残余应力进行无损测量。研究堆芯板端面、环焊缝焊前焊后残余应力的分布情况及变化规律。结果表明：堆芯板焊前残余应力主要是机加工应力,且焊接过程对其残余应力影响不大;1＃和2＃堆芯板环焊缝轴向残余应力分布趋势明显,呈现焊缝为压应力,母材为拉应力;测试的环向应力在各区域分布不一致;焊接对远离焊缝区域的应力没有影响,远离焊缝区域呈现较大的加工应力。     

船体结构总纵极限强度的简化逐步破坏分析方法

本文基于Smith方法,应用梁-柱理论、理想弹塑性假设、平截面假设和塑性铰理论建立了加筋板单元的应力-应变关系曲线,导出了船体结构总纵极限强度的简化逐步破坏分析方法并编制成FORTRAN计算程序.应用作者导出的简化逐步破坏分析方法分析计算了Reckling 23号模型总纵极限强度.计算结果表明,本文导出的简化逐步破坏分析方法和计算程序正确可靠,可供船体结构设计和使用.本文还对船体结构总纵极限强度的影响因素进行了分析,其中包括加筋板单元的载荷-缩短行为、横向压力、材料屈服强度和腐蚀等.     

钛合金Ti-6Al-4V ELI厚板多层多道焊试验与数值模拟

对2块厚度为24mm的Ti-6Al-4VELI厚板进行夹角为171.98°的多层TIG焊接试验,基于SYSWELD软件平台,在焊板两端完全刚性固定的装夹条件下数值模拟计算焊接温度场、应力场和焊接引起的变形.计算结果表明,焊接温度场的变化规律符合实际,焊缝区的拉伸残余应力最大,热影响区的压缩残余应力较大.焊接数值模拟得到的残余应力场与试验测量值能较好地吻合,验证了数值模拟模型的准确性.该数值模拟方法可应用到大深度Ti-6Al-4VELI载人舱强度计算中的焊缝残余应力模拟中.     

Size effect on residual stress in low transformation temperature welded joints

It has been reported that low transformation temperature (LTT) weld metals are beneficial to generation of compressive residual stress around weld zone. In this study, the relationship among residual stress, size effect of LTT welded joints with different plate width and thickness as well as martensite start (Ms) temperatures was investigated by experimental and finite-element analysis. It was found that heat dissipation and thermal expansion coefficient of LTT weld metal had a significant impact on residual stress. Welded joint with a small plate width led to greater compressive residual stresses in the LTT weld, which was due to the lower heat dissipation and smaller thermal expansion coefficient of the LTT weld metal in due course of cooling process. Additionally, the finite-element analysis revealed that increasing plate width mainly affected the longitudinal residual stress, while increasing the plate thickness influenced all the residual stress components in the LTT weld. Furthermore, the LTT weld with a lower Ms temperature of 191 °C resulted in greater compressive residual stresses, and was less sensitive to the LTT joint size, as against the Ms temperature of 398 °C.     

Experimental and numerical investigation on welding simulation of long stiffened steel plate specimen

The paper presents the results of metal inert gas T-joint fillet welding tests of small scale rectangular stiffened steel plates longer than the standard test specimen. In the literature the focus is typically on plates with a small aspect ratio and the present work deals with plates of higher aspect ratio, which are the typical ones in marine structures, aiming to determine if there is any significant effect of welding along the longitudinal direction. Nonlinear thermo-elasto-plastic finite element models are adopted to evaluate the temperature distribution, welding induced distortions and residual stress in the stiffened plates of shipbuilding steel. Given the difficulty in data acquisition of temperature-dependent properties of the material, a simplified model of the properties is proposed, based on the values at room temperature. Good agreement is observed between the measured and simulated temperatures, indicating that the current finite element approach is appropriate to simulate the welding process. The proposed simplified material model can be efficiently used in the finite element analysis of welded steel structures. It is concluded that the welding parameters have more significant influence on the structural responses than the dimension of the plate.     

船舶焊接末端受电抖振及其电频细化研究

船舶焊接领域中，钢板等焊接不可避免的会产生焊接残余应力，针对这一问题，文章通过分析焊接机器人焊枪末端受电抖振及其扰动等影响来揭示其响应规律。首先通过搭建的焊接模型阐明焊接过程动力学特性，然后研究不同特性电弧力对焊枪运动稳定性的影响，探索末端焊枪作业稳定性与焊接区电弧力及电源频率等参量之间响应关系，并对多组不同驱动电频下的焊接运动进行动力学仿真，得到电频变化与电弧力的对应规律。研究表明，焊接电源频率的有效细化有利于末端焊枪焊接运动过程的平稳，且发现最优焊接电源频率在10HZ邻域时焊枪末端动态振动最小，通过控制电源频率大小能明显抑制焊枪振动，在一定程度上降低残余应力大小，有利于船舶焊接表面质量的提高。