武隆隧道岩溶暗河整治方案探讨

文章介绍了渝怀线武隆隧道施工中揭示的岩溶暗河及水文地质情况,结合岩溶暗河整治方案的研究,分析了岩溶对隧道工程的影响,并对隧道内岩溶暗河的整治及充填岩溶段的隧道施工方法进行了探讨.     

武隆隧道2#、3#岩溶暗河探测及施工地质条件分析

武隆隧道为渝怀铁路第二长大隧道,岩溶发育是本隧道的最主要特征之一.尤涫?#和3#岩溶暗河,为本隧道最复杂、最困难的地质条件,多次出现大型～特大型岩溶涌水,给隧道施工造成无法抗拒的自然灾害和经济损失.作者详细介绍了2#和3#岩溶暗河的探测技术,并根据探测结果提出岩溶暗河处理措施和建议.     

宜万铁路马鹿箐隧道+978溶腔预测预报

马鹿箐隧道先后发生了"1.21"、"4.11"等多次突涌水事故,为探用Ⅱ DK255+978 溶腔岩溶水规模,前期采用出口平导探测,后期进行了补勘与强化预测、预报.施工中通过运用 TSP203、红外探测、地质雷达、超前地质钻孔等多种探测技术,准确锁定了溶腔含水体区域和溶腔边界,准确掌握了溶腔充填物性质,成功地保障了其后...     

圆梁山隧道毛坝向斜高压、富水溶洞施工技术

圆梁山隧道全长11068 m,是渝怀线上最长的单线铁路隧道.隧道主要穿越毛坝向斜、冷水河浅埋段及桐麻岭背斜,地层以泥岩、灰岩和白云岩为主.毛坝向斜段隧道设计最大涌水量为8.3×104m3/d,最大水压为4.6 MPa.开挖揭示隧道在毛坝向斜穿越三组高压、富水、充填型溶洞和一组岩溶管道,在施工过程中,突水、涌砂十分严重,造成开挖面多次被淹,施工十分困难.文章主要介绍溶洞突水、涌砂、涌泥情况,探讨了注浆技术和开挖、支护方法.     

侧部高压富水溶腔与隧道间岩柱安全厚度的研究

岩溶区隧道周围不可避免地存在一些中小规模的隐伏溶洞,由于隧道的开挖、卸荷改变了隧道与溶洞间岩柱的应力状态,溶洞中的高压岩溶水进一步恶化了其稳定性,造成隧道突水、突泥等岩溶灾害的发生,带来了重大安全危害和经济损失.成为岩溶地区隧道施工中亟待解决的重要问题.除施工扰动、高水压作用外,隧道与溶洞间岩柱厚度不足是引起这一工程问题的主要因素,建立隧道与溶洞间岩柱安全厚度预测模型具有重要的理论意义和重大的工程实用价值.针对常见的中、小尺度的侧部高压富水溶腔,综合考虑安全厚度的影响因素,以隧道周围的塑性区和溶洞周围的高渗透带的贯通与否作为中间岩柱稳定的判断标准,建立了中间岩柱安全厚度力学预测模型,在此基础上分析了各因素对最小安全厚度的影响规律.以忠垫高速公路岩溶隧道为例,利用最小安全厚度预测公式判断中间岩柱的稳定性,其结果同基于现场量测判断的结果一致,从而说明上述方法具有一定的可行性.     

隧道掌子面与溶洞安全距离分析

岩溶地区隧道开挖掌子面前方存在的大型溶洞对施工的威胁非常大,如何确定开挖掌子面前方合理的岩盘安全厚度,并及时进行超前支护或对溶洞进行处理,是岩溶隧道施工中必须解决的一个关键技术问题。文章通过数值模拟和理论计算,对隧道掌子面与溶洞安全距离的影响因素进行了分析研究,建立了预测隧道掌子面前方岩盘安全厚度的计算方法(经验类比法、理论计算法、数值分析法)及计算图式,给出了安全距离计算公式并进行了工程实例分析。     

公路隧道岩溶施工技术方法思考

岩溶作为不良地质条件对隧道施工造成较大危害,溶洞的存在影响围岩压力、支护结构受力和施工安全性。以某隧道工程实例作为研究背景,文章深入分析了公路隧道岩溶施工技术的施工方法,分别从溶洞施工方案确定、施工准备、溶洞开挖、支护施工以及锚杆支护多方面对公路隧道岩溶施工技术进行研究,实践可知,通过隧道岩溶施工技术的应用,能够切实提高隧道工程的掘进速度和质量,对促进公路事业有重要作用。     

铁路隧道穿越岩溶群区施工控制技术研究

文章以渝(重庆)怀(怀化)铁路板桃隧道为工程背景,阐述了该隧道穿越DK215+650～DK216+105段岩溶群区的施工技术.为确保施工工期,施工中采取了"先绕行后处理"的原则,设置施工迂回导洞绕行岩溶区,并通过横通道与正线相连.针对岩溶区内不同的溶洞类型分别采取跨越、支顶、锚喷支护、浆砌片石回填等技术措施,同时根据暗河与溶洞内的水流大小及流向采取了诸如涵洞、小桥等设施或开凿泄水洞将水排出洞外,安全稳妥地通过了455 m岩溶群区.本工程取得的经验可供类似工程施工中借鉴.     

大直径自进式锚杆在隧道工程岩溶处治中的应用

京昆线(国家高速公路网G5线)广陕路古家山隧道岩溶十分发育,以垂直向岩溶裂隙、溶槽、溶沟、漏斗发育为主,具有“多、深、窄”的特点根据古家山隧道溶洞发育特点,隧道设计和施工中采取了回填、加固、跨越等溶洞处治方案,特别是φ75 mm大直径自进式锚杆超前支护,具有施工快捷安全、技术经济合理等特点,在古家山隧道施工中得到了广泛应用,对岩溶处治发挥了较好的作用.     

武隆长大岩溶隧道综合施工技术

武隆隧道为渝怀铁路第二长大隧道.该隧道的施工地质条件非常复杂,存在古滑坡浅埋、软岩、断层、煤层、非煤系地层瓦斯、岩爆、高压富水、岩溶、暗河、涌水等不良地质灾害.岩溶、暗河以及岩溶涌水是本隧道施工的最主要地质问题和整治重点.文章详细介绍了该隧道的主要工程地质条件,并针对不同的地质条件提出了相应的综合施工措施,可为同类长大铁路隧道施工中借鉴.     

Analysis of factors affecting the choice of route of pedestrians

Pedestrians as compared to vehicular traffic enjoy a high degree freedom of movement even in heavily congested areas. Consequently, there are more alternative links available to pedestrians between a given origin‐destination (O‐D) pair. This paper describes a study done by the University of Calgary to evaluate the factors affecting the choice of route on intra‐CBD trips or trips within the Central Business District (CBD).

An origin destination survey conducted in downtown Calgary, Alberta enabled the identification of the most significant factors influencing the choice. These factors were analyzed in relation to the physical characteristics of the location, personal characteristics of the trip maker and the type of the trip.

It appears that most people chose the shortest link and factors such as the level of congestion, safety or visual attractions were only secondary. This suggests that the length should be made a major consideration when planning and designing pedestrian links.     

Non-parametric analyses of efficiency of airports

This paper estimates the efficiencies and productivity changes of 12 international airports in the Asia-Pacific region based on data from 1998 to 2006. We apply stochastic frontier analysis (SFA) to compute efficiency estimates and use the Malmquist productivity index (MPI) to analyze productivity changes. We use the SFA model with a translog-type production function after testing the statistical hypotheses. According to the results of the SFA hypothesis tests, airports have experienced a technological regression; the deviations from the efficiency frontier are caused more by technical inefficiency than random noise. However, the inefficiency was found to decrease. The MPI reveals a declining trend resulting more from technological change than from efficiency change, with a decrease in inefficiency. Taken together, both the hypothesis tests and the MPI not only provide consistent conclusions, but also suggest that airports should concentrate on technological progress.     

波纹管应力分析研究进展

评述了波纹管应力理论研究方法的进展情况，围绕解析法、工程近似法和数值法，对波纹管理论研究中的一些主要成果作了较详细的回顾和总结，对各种研究方法作出了评价，展望了亟待解决的一些问题。     

注汽管道承压能力评估和实物试验验证

基于失效评估图技术对某注汽管道进行了承压能力评价,给出了管线在不同腐蚀壁厚情况下的极限承压能力和极限裂纹尺寸。并利用实物爆破试验验证了评价方法的安全性和有效性,通过对爆破断口进行宏观和微观分析,发现管段的开裂属于脆性开裂。     

实现多组态计量软件集中监控的可行性分析

天然气自动计量系统有多种组态软件,由于软件的不相通性,造成了计量系统数据采集的通用性差、数据传输与入库的时效性差、数据利用的可靠性低.结合各组态软件的实际情况,从设计上充分利用Oracle大数据处理能力以及Partition(分区表)的特性,实现历史数据的存储,应用WebService与COM+数据访问组件提供多层数据访问架构,采用OPC与DDE工业数据交换协议,实现了各站场计量数据的实时上传,为连续数据采集和实时监控提供了可能,节约了改造成本.     

埋地管道防腐保温层失效评价

明确埋地管道防腐保温层的技术评价标准,对埋地钢质管道的安全运行,延长管道使用寿命具有重要意义。为了对埋地管道防腐保温层做出有效评价,从间接检测与开挖检测2个方面,结合现场检测数据,提出了基于防腐保温层的电流衰减率、绝缘电阻率、质量状况与厚度的分级评价标准及基于4种评价指标的综合评判方法。工程实践表明,该评价标准对防腐保温层是否存在失效能做出有效判断。     

城市轨道交通杂散电流监测系统概述

介绍了城市轨道交通工程中杂散电流不同的监测系统的构成,分析了集中式、分散式和智能型等监测系统的配置和功能,以及智能型实时在线监测系统的重要意义,为轨道交通工程杂散电流监测系统的选择与应用提供参考。     

Preliminary results of an analysis of areas of influence in Shanghai

The main deficiency of most current modeling approaches to transportation can be identified as neglect of the integration of existing geographical knowledge in regard to the ex ante transport/land use modeling approaches, with its focus on territorial dynamics and theory development. This paper addresses this aspect of the problem by introducing a theoretical and methodological framework for the analysis of the interrelationship between land uses. The analysis attempts to determine to what extent the functional land use in a city can be considered an ordered pattern. The order sought does not rely on purely spatial configurations, but on the correlation of transportation and land use. The first section of this paper focuses on theoretical considerations. It stresses the fact that conventional approaches do not apply in the present context. It then suggests an alternative based on areas of influence and measured in terms of level of attractance of land uses. The second describes a procedure based on this alternative following the remarkable contribution of Hanjoul, Beguin and Thill. An application of this procedure to the analysis of Shanghai is then examined. Finally, an evaluation of the strategies for optimizing the interrelationship between land uses is presented. The paper concludes with a possible research agenda.     

输油管道中原油乳状液的流变性研究

原油乳状液的流变性是原油开采后在管道中输送的重要研究方面,为了更好地研究这一性质,采用电动搅拌机、偏光显微镜以及流变仪等仪器来测定不同含水率的原油乳状液在不同条件下的黏度,观测不同含水率的原油乳状液在偏光显微镜下的形态。并且分别对原油乳状液的黏度与含水率之间的关系以及与剪切速率之间的关系进行研究,初步确定了所测区块原油乳状液的转相点以及该区块原油乳状液的流变特性,为生产中的油气集输提供了理论依据。     

Direct analysis of the perceived importance of attributes of reliability of travel modes in urban travel

Reliability of travel modes was found to be the most important characteristic of transportation systems in several attitudinal investigations of individual travel behavior. This paper represents the first part of a research effort aimed at gaining a better understanding of the characteristics of reliability of transportation modes in urban travel. In this research, reliability characteristics are identified; their importance relative to each other is assessed, and an insight into possible structure of an objective reliability index is discussed. The research is based on perceived values of reliability, which were identified through a large attitudinal survey conducted in the Chicago metropolitan area.