细长海洋立管涡激振动预报模型

涡激振动预报对于深水环境中的细长海洋结构物的设计至关重要.近年来出现的若干经验模型基于圆柱体受追振荡实验数据.文中介绍了细长海洋结构物涡激振动预报工具的发展,进而提出了一种基于圆柱体受迫振荡实验数据的预报模型.与现有的类似模型相比较,该模型更加直接地利用了原始模型实验数据,并且将立管的有限元模态分析并入到响应预报当中,以计及立管物理参数的不均匀特性.利用近期立管模型在阶梯状分布流以及剪切流中的涡激振动响应实验测量数据,验证了该模型的有效性.该模型的计算结果表明,立管的模态振型、模态频率与涡激振动响应高度耦合,并且对于低质量比的情况尤为明显.文中还指出了类似的基于受迫振荡圆柱体实验数据的预报模型存在的缺陷.     

低质量-阻尼因子圆柱体的涡激振动预报模型

本文考查了在均匀来流中作横向振荡的圆柱体与周围流体之间的能量转移,由此建立了基于受迫振荡实验数据的弹性支撑圆柱体在均匀流中的涡激振动响应预报模型.根据此模型,分析了低质量-阻尼因子圆柱体的涡激振动响应特性.就水中圆柱体涡激振动响应特性相关的几个关键性问题进行了深入的讨论,包括响应振幅的决定因素、附加质量对锁定范围及响应频率的影响.正确理解这些问题对于深水立管涡激振动响应的有效预报至关重要.     

基于模型试验的实尺度立管涡激振动响应预报方法研究

为了研究立管涡激振动模型试验与实尺度立管涡激振动响应之间的相互关系问题,文章从模型试验的相似理论出发,基于涡激振动预报方法的理论分析;通过对模型试验中按照相似理论换算得到的流速进行调整的方法,改变模型立管的涡激振动响应,并逼近实尺度立管的涡激振动响应.结果表明:通过调整试验流速,提高试验的雷诺数,可以使立管模型的涡激振动响应模态数、无量纲振幅RMS(A/D)响应与实尺寸立管很好地符合.针对不同的缩尺比模型,给出了立管模型试验流速与其模拟的真实流速之间的对应关系式.     

钢悬链线的涡激振动分析

文章介绍了立管在不同流剖面下的涡激振动实验,然后给出了简支钢悬链线的静态方程和基于能量平衡原理的涡激振动频域预报理论.之后提出把钢悬链的参数转化为顶部张紧钻井隔水管的参数的思想.通过预报顶部张紧钻井隔水管的涡激振动响应,得到钢悬链线的涡激振动响应.文中还研究了不同的顶部预张力和不同流剖面对钢悬链线的涡激振动响应影响.结果表明立管的固有频率和模态数的关系足线性的,并且立管的均方根位移和激励的模态数不仅与流速的大小和变化范围有关,还与顶部预张力有关.     

立管横流-顺流双向涡激振动数值预报方法

海洋立管涡激振动属于典型的流固耦合问题,涡激振动在横流及顺流方向上会同时发生并存在耦合效应.在以往的相关研究中,常忽略顺流向振动或将横流及顺流向振动响应间相互作用进行弱化.本文以顶张式立管为研究对象,基于圆柱体双自由度受迫振动试验数据,使用有限元方法和能量平衡方程建立涡激振动频域预报模型.该数值模型能够同时得到立管在横...     

基于功率方程的圆柱体涡激振动研究

针对预测结构涡激振动响应的半经验性模型,根据动力学普遍方程(达朗贝尔-拉格朗日原理)建立了自由振动圆柱的涡激振动功率方程模型。该模型的建立过程不需要引入经验性参数,是研究流固耦合问题的一般方法,适用性强,易于拓展。为了评估自由振动圆柱功率方程的可靠性,利用计算流体力学(CFD)数值模拟提供的流场信息对功率方程进行求解并与实验结果进行对比。结果表明该模型能够有效地预报圆柱的涡激振动响应。     

稳定流作用下海底悬跨管线涡激振动研究

讨论了目前用于海底悬跨管线涡激振动预报的主要数值模型,针对海底管线悬跨段涡激振动问题编制了有限元分析程序,程序采用梁单元模拟管跨结构,动力响应计算方法采用VIVANA模型,模型控制方程采用Newton-Raphson迭代算法求解。采用Larsen,Koushan等人(2002)和Larsen,Baarholm等人(2004)给出的两组不同的用于确定升力曲线的参数曲线进行计算,将计算结果与Tsahalis(1984,1987)的模型实验结果进行了比较。结果表明本文的涡激振动模型能够预报间隙比e/D=∞时海底悬跨管线的涡激振动响应;采用Larsen,Koushan等人(2002)参数曲线得到的计算结果与间隙比e/D=∞时的实验结果符合较好,Larsen,Koushan等人(2002)参数曲线较Larsen,Baarholm等人(2004)参数曲线更适合于海底悬跨管线的涡激振动预报。     

水下杆状结构三维振动数值模拟

本文研究柔性杆状在涡激-参激联合作用下的三维振动响应特性问题。基于Hamilton原理,建立了柔性杆的三维振动模型,考虑Morison力、涡激升力以及顶端变张力,对结构的涡激振动和参激-涡激联合振动进行数值模拟。针对振动方程,首先借助有限差分法和Runge-Kutta方法对方程进行数值求解,求得结构的三维振动响应,绘制了各自由度振动的时历曲线、相平面图、庞加莱截面图以及能量频谱,研究了参激-涡激联合振动情况下,杆件的非线性振动特性。     

弹性模量对深海立管涡激振动疲劳损伤的影响

K.Vikestad文章中预报出的立管疲劳寿命特别长,经过仔细校核发现作者用于计算的弹性模量与试验值不同.是否这一错误会导致疲劳寿命的重要差别,本文对这一问题做了进一步研究.本文采用了与上述文章中类似的方法来重新计算立管的涡激振动疲劳损伤.利用作者所在课题组开发的涡激振动预报程序来确定立管动力响应,并假设涡激振动引起的长期应力范围分布是Rayleigh分布,运用Palmgren-Miner线性累积损伤准则来预报海洋立管涡激振动疲劳损伤.和依据试验测量数据计算得到的疲劳损伤以及ⅤⅣANA预报的结果比较表明,本文的预报方法是合理的.研究表明上述文章中过高的疲劳寿命是由错误的弹性模量引起的.结果显示,立管的弹性模量对于涡激振动疲劳损伤是个重要的参数.弹性模量越大,疲劳寿命越低.     

非线性管土耦合条件下悬跨管道涡激振动响应时域预报

海底悬跨管道与海床耦合呈现高度非线性,使得发展一种时域预报方法成为需要.文章运用有限元法对输液张紧悬跨管道进行空间离散,并应用Facchinetti等改进的尾流振子模型和切片假定模拟每个有限单元上的涡激振动水动力,发展了一种悬跨管道-海床-流场多场耦合的非线性时域预报方法.在合理选取尾流振子模型附加水动力阻尼参数的基础上,时域预报了线性、理想塑性和张力截断弹簧模型下悬跨管道的涡激振动响应.研究结果表明,基于尾流振子的时域预报方法能够合理地描述非线性管土耦合边界下VIV响应;非线性边界条件下,锁定产生的最大响应幅值低于线性结果.     

海工高性能混凝土结构使用寿命预测浅析

以Fick第二定律为基础，分析影响混凝土结构使用寿命的一些因素，结合抗氯盐污染高性能混凝土室内试验和现场暴露试验测试结果，初步建立海工高性能混凝土结构使用寿命预测模型的基本方法。     

周期支撑管路横向振动波传播特性分析

管道系统在船舶行业中应用广泛,其振动及声辐射特性一直以来都是研究的热点.基于Timoshenko梁理论,本文首先利用传递矩阵法计算了单根充液管道的横向振动响应,并通过有限元计算和实验对比验证了计算方法.在此基础上,对管道系统的传递矩阵取特征值得到波传播参数,从而进一步分析了周期支撑的充液管道系统的振动波传递特性.由本文的计算结果可见,基于Timoshenko梁理论的横向振动响应比基于Euler-Bernoulli梁理论的结果更为精准,尤其是在较高频域内.此外,弹性支撑的刚度和间距会影响波阻和波传播带.本文工作将为周期支撑管系的减振提供一定的技术参考.     

基于船舶轴系扭振的船用主机气缸动力输出平衡性分析

基于船用柴油机气缸动力输出平衡性评价的基础理论,对某船开展实船轴系扭振测试,在对轴系扭振时域波形图和扭振数据进行分析和计算的基础上,得出该船主机气缸动力输出不平衡变化曲线及相关结论,为进一步应用船舶轴系扭振进行船用柴油机气缸动力输出平衡性研究提供参考。     

Characteristics of VIV in multi-degree-of-freedom tensioned beams using a numerical method

The object of this study is to analyze the characteristics of vortex-induced vibration of a slender marine structure with the numerical method. Applying a dynamic analysis method for a slender marine structure based on the 3D finite difference method, we carried out case studies for a tensioned beam model at a constant flow speed. The hydrodynamic forces, in the direction of inline and cross-flow, created by vortex shedding are simultaneously considered based on Morison equation. The frequency of force in the inline direction corresponding to the unstable zone is evaluated. An eigenvalue analysis for different flow speeds of a tensioned beam considering the effect of the tension increase due to the inline and cross-flow drag forces is performed. We found that a revision of the eigenvalue should be considered if the tension along a riser or beam is significantly affected by an environmental or functional load. From a trajectory on the XY plane it was shown that the riser did not move in an exact 8 shape for all flow conditions due to the phase angle difference between inline and cross-flow displacement. It is believed that the phase angles between inline and cross-flow displacements in high modes are different among the nodes.     

细长回转体水动力估算

根据12艘细长回转体模型的风洞和水池试验资料,本文采用“等价平板”和“形状因子”的办法,给出了一组估算细长回转体水动力的半经验公式。它适用于估算具有尾收缩段的细长潜水体的水动力。     

Bi-fidelity Kriging model for reliability analysis of the ultimate strength of stiffened panels

A method based on a Bi-fidelity Kriging model is proposed for structural reliability analysis. It is based on adding low-fidelity data samples to the model to predict high-fidelity values, thus saving computational effort. Distance Correlation develops the correlation between the low and high-fidelity functions, initially proposed to assess the correlation between two variables. The bi-fidelity Kriging response surface model's efficiency as a surrogate model will be assessed for structural reliability problems that demand high computational costs, such as nonlinear finite element analysis structural models. The efficiency assessment is performed by comparing the accuracy of the failure probability predictions based on the Subset Simulation and First-order reliability method using the Bi-fidelity Kriging model as a surrogate for the performance function. The idea is illustrated by considering a representative component of marine structures analyzed by finite element analysis to create bi-fidelity scenarios to assess structural reliability with many variables. The results show that the proposed multi-fidelity method can provide an accurate failure probability estimation with less computational cost.     

Experimental and numerical investigation on welding simulation of long stiffened steel plate specimen

The paper presents the results of metal inert gas T-joint fillet welding tests of small scale rectangular stiffened steel plates longer than the standard test specimen. In the literature the focus is typically on plates with a small aspect ratio and the present work deals with plates of higher aspect ratio, which are the typical ones in marine structures, aiming to determine if there is any significant effect of welding along the longitudinal direction. Nonlinear thermo-elasto-plastic finite element models are adopted to evaluate the temperature distribution, welding induced distortions and residual stress in the stiffened plates of shipbuilding steel. Given the difficulty in data acquisition of temperature-dependent properties of the material, a simplified model of the properties is proposed, based on the values at room temperature. Good agreement is observed between the measured and simulated temperatures, indicating that the current finite element approach is appropriate to simulate the welding process. The proposed simplified material model can be efficiently used in the finite element analysis of welded steel structures. It is concluded that the welding parameters have more significant influence on the structural responses than the dimension of the plate.     

Additive manufacturing of miniature marine structures for crashworthiness verification: Scaling technique and experimental tests

Undoubtedly, the main advantage of the additive manufacture technology is to allow building miniature structural parts with a large degree of complexity such as to replicate structural details of real-scale marine structures. This work presents a new technique for reproducing the structural response of large-scale thin-walled metallic structures when subjected to crushing loadings by using scaled-down additive manufactured models. This technique couples scaling laws for strain rate sensitive materials and a thickness distortion technique based on the structural collapse mode. In order to validate this coupled technique, the structural response of a large-scale crushing test of a web girder structure was experimentally replicated by using a 1/40 scale reduction model. The results and conclusions summarize the prospects and limitations of additive manufacturing of miniature complex marine structures for structural purposes and crashworthiness verification.