汽车底盘控制系统总线的应用现状研究

简述了汽车底盘控制系统总线的种类及技术特点,给出先进的汽车车载网络拓扑结构。详细论述了在汽车控制领域得到广泛应用的控制器局域网和最具发展潜力的线控技术及其通讯特点,特别针对CAN总线介绍了SAE J1939、CANopen、DeviceNet 3种基于CAN的主流应用层协议。最后就我国车载网络的发展进行了探讨。     

车载MOST/CAN网络网关设计

介绍了车载MOST(Media Oriented Systems Transport)网络和CAN网络的结构与功能,阐述了MOST/CAN网络网关的硬件结构和软件实现,以及MOST网络和CAN网络之间通过网关进行数据交换的原理。该网关实现了MOST网络中以文件和命令形式传输的数据与CAN网络之间的交换,使MOST网络中车载系统与CAN网络中的系统之间能够进行参数的传递。     

智能网联趋势下车辆网关路由缓存研究与应用

伴随汽车智能网联发展,车辆电气网络架构行业趋势由1~2路CAN总线网络快速演变为7~8路CAN总线与4~5路百兆以太网相结合的融合网络架构。其中网关作为车辆网络的数据交互中心,提供了各网络之间的无缝通信,并需要以极低的延迟将这些数据进行可靠传输,这对低成本网关是一个巨大的挑战。提出了一种基于车载融合网络下低成本网关路由软件缓存区的设计方法,以路由软件缓存区去配合CAN控制器和以太网Switch硬件缓存区,设计中断式报文存储发送进程,将收到的数据实时发送到硬件发送缓存区,当硬件发送缓存区已满,则将报文存储到软件缓存区中。通过与软硬件缓存区的这种联动方式,能够实时的接收报文,保证报文不丢帧;也能够在目标总线负载率较大时,避免漏发报文以及保证发送报文周期。     

车载网关Internet化的设计与实现

提出了一种基于CAN、LIN、MOST总线的车载网关设计方案。详细介绍车载网关在车身控制系统中的应用以及车载网关Internet化的设计与实现,对控制系统中出现的故障可实时记录并与网络服务器端进行数据的交互。并给出硬件实现和软件流程。该车载网关不但实现车身内部不同总线系统之间的数据通信,而且可以实现总线系统故障码的在线诊断：     

整车CAN总线测试

重点阐述整车CAN总线的物理层、数据链路层和故障测试内容,对主机厂开发设计整车CAN通信有实际的借鉴作用。     

车联网技术在商用车上的应用

车联网是以车内网、车际网和车载移动互联网为基础,按照约定的通信协议和数据交互标准,在车-X(X:车、路、行人及互联网等)之间,进行无线通信和信息交换的大系统网络。能实现智能交通管理、智能动态信息服务和车辆智能化控制的一体化网络。它是物联网技术在交通系统领域的典型应用。     

Field tests for evaluating cooperative intersection signal violation warning system (CISVWS)

This paper demonstrates the results of field tests for assessing a cooperative intersection signal violation warning system (CISVWS), which consists of (a) hardware, including an in-vehicle warning device, roadside antenna, and traffic signal controller, and (b) software to operate and test the cooperative system through vehicle to infrastructure (V2I) communication systems. Field tests were performed under real traffic situations in order to test the system in terms of the initiation time of the signal violation warning from the signal controller, the activation and duration of on board equipment (OBE), and the warning delay based on the relationships between distance variables, including the safe stopping distance, and the location of road side equipment (RSE). Findings from the field test at the real-world signalized intersection sites indicated that the system would be capable of reducing red light violations and intersection collisions through use of the in-vehicle warning device at signalized intersections.     

In-vehicle display HMI safety evaluation using a driving simulator

Recently, telematics services and in-vehicle display devices such as the CNS (Car Navigation System) have become new causes of traffic accidents. These accidents are caused by ‘Inattention’ from the increase of the driver’s mental workload while he/she is driving. The driver of a vehicle (except for emergency or police vehicles) must not use a hand-held mobile phone while the vehicle is moving. To address this problem, Australia, England, Italy, Brazil and some states in the US have banned the use of hand-held mobile devices during driving. However, there are no restrictions on the use of in-vehicle displays or on the display’s positions. The position of a navigation system in a vehicle should be assessed objectively, and the effect of the position on the driver’s attention should be studied. Some existing research reports that in-vehicle distraction not only leads to reduced speeds and more frequent lane switching, but also more gazing by the driver to the centre of the road. In this study, to develop an assessment method and to propose the proper position of a CNS, an experiment is carried out in a driving simulator environment. Different methods to track the gaze and physical parameters of the driver are used for HMI (Human-Machine Interface) assessment. The experiment is carried out in a driving simulator to observe the glancing distribution during driving according to the position of the navigation system. Fourteen subjects participated in this experiment. Changes in subjects’ physiological signals and glancing distribution rates were collected.     

车载信息娱乐系统的未来发展趋势

<正>如今车载信息娱乐系统已经发展到第四代产品,虽然有很大的进步,但也存在不少的问题,比如价格高、使用率不高、无法兼顾安全和娱乐等,针对这些问题,将来车载信息娱乐系统的发展又会走向何方?随着近年娱乐类消费电子技术的不断创新和发展,特别是智能设备及移动互联网技术的普及,汽车也搭上了智能化的趋势,对于IVI的定义也相应的发生了更为复杂的变化。     

Assessment of risky driving caused by the amount of time focused on an in-vehicle display system

Korea is currently experiencing a rapidly increasing distribution rate of in-vehicle display devices, such as navigation or DMB displays, owing to remarkable advances in IT. At the same time, the number of traffic accidents and traffic violations is increasing due to the distraction of drivers’ attention by such devices. In particular, in-vehicle display devices such as navigation systems temporarily distract drivers’ visual or cognitive attention when they perform a unit task. Accordingly, it is necessary to prepare adequate standards to regulate in-vehicle display devices, especially in Korea. There are few empirical studies that have employed experiments to support such regulation. In this study, an experiment was conducted using a driving simulator to establish the proper standards regarding the maximum distraction time per unit task that can be allowed without causing any disturbance in safe driving. A total of 25 participants participated in the experiment. The distraction time was controlled by asking participants to perform the two tasks at once: while participants were driving as a primary task, they performed secondary task that count the number of intersections between the start point and the arrival point displayed on the screen. The results showed that the 2.0 second condition differed from the controlled condition in the deviation in the distance from the preceding vehicle, speed, and steering wheel movement, whereas there were no differences between the controlled condition and the 1.0 or 1.5 second condition. Finally, the limitations of the study and the implications of the findings with regard to future studies and application of the Korean version of guidelines for in-vehicle display devices are discussed.     

发动机ECU模拟系统通信模块设计与应用

为使发动机ECU模拟系统能够安全、稳定、准确与及时地模拟发动机在工作时的状态,研发具有安全可靠的网络通信功能和可靠高速的USB总线数据采集处理的通信模块是必要的。文章描述了系统通信组件的建立、USB1.1总线数据采集、CAN通信协议制定及CAN—USB数据转换方式。通信的成功建立,实现了模拟发动机各种传感器信号以及模拟汽车真实的CAN网络等功能。发动机ECU模拟系统作为一种智能化汽车电子开发工具成为现实。     

面向车联网多点协作联合传输的安全认证与密钥更新方法

未来基于车联网的车路协同和自动驾驶场景要求车-车/车-路等网络通信在保证数据安全的前提下，具备低时延、高可靠的特性，从而保证车辆的行驶安全以及车/人的信息安全。LTE-V2X作为车联网通信方案之一，LTE的多点协作联合传输（Coordinated Multiple Points-Joint Transmission，CoMP-JT）技术不仅可以减少车辆在高速行驶过程中进行基站（Evolved Node B，eNB）切换时的通信中断，还能通过多个基站的协同传输来辅助提高网络的数据传输性能。然而当前LTE标准中的安全密钥管理方案无法满足多点协作联合传输过程中的密钥管理场景。针对该问题，提出一种可用于LTE-V2X车联网通信中多点协作传输切换的安全密钥生成与更新算法。该算法由车辆生成基站切换请求并使用随机数、共享密钥、目标基站公钥对切换请求进行加密、广播；基于密码学特性，目标基站不仅可基于私钥从密文请求中计算出共享密钥，还可以计算得到后续的会话密钥；车辆则可以基于目标基站位置信息、生成请求时的随机数计算出会话密钥，从而实现在只需要1次密钥传输的前提下，达成车辆与基站之间的密钥共享和密钥更新，并从密码学角度针对该密钥生成与更新算法进行验证分析。研究结果表明：在LTE-V2X多点协作传输时的基站切换过程中，该算法能够确保车辆与基站进行后向/前向密钥分离的安全认证以及会话密钥建立；与传统方案相比，所提方法可减少26.4%的基站切换过程中引入的通信时延，基站信道负载均仅为传统方案的1/2，并且随基站小区范围内车辆数目增加，基站的信道负载也仅线性增加，提升了该算法在LTE-V2X车联网场景中的适用性。     

基于CAN/LIN总线的车门控制系统开发

在分析CAN/LIN总线技术特点的基础上,分别选用MC68HC908GZ32和MC68HC908QL4单片机设计开发了某车型车门控制系统的CAN/LIN网关节点和LIN的硬件模块,并根据控制功能要求开发了控制软件,实现了电动车窗自动/手动升降和电动后视镜调节控制.最后将各模块安装在车门上进行了调试,测试结果表明,所设计模块运行稳定、性能可靠,达到了预定要求.     

Traffic-balancing algorithm for can systems with dual communication channels to enhance the network capacity

The controller area network (CAN) is the dominant protocol for in-vehicle network (IVN) systems because it provides bounded transmission delay among electronic control units (ECUs) at data rates between 100 Kbps and 1 Mbps. Many automotive companies have chosen the CAN protocol for their chassis network system of intelligent vehicles. However, the increasing number of ECUs in intelligent vehicles and the need for more intelligent functions require a network system with more network capacity and real-time capability. As one approach to enhance the network capacity of a CAN system, this paper introduces a CAN system with dual communication channels. This paper also presents a traffic-balancing algorithm that predicts the traffic of each channel and allocates frames to the most appropriate channel. An experimental testbed using commercial off-the-shelf microcontrollers with two CAN controllers was used to demonstrate the feasibility of the traffic-balancing algorithm.     

混合动力汽车通信网络研究

阐述CAN规范和SAE J1939协议;SAE J1939是适用于货车和客车的应用层协议,对于混合动力汽车却没有统一的应用层协议。本文参照SAE J1939协议格式制定出适用于混合动力汽车(HEV)的应用层协议;结合混合动力汽车的控制特点,提出了CAN总线和LIN总线并用的双总线控制方法;通过实验测试了混合动力汽车CAN总线通信性能。实验结果表明,通信网络性能满足控制的实时性要求。     

CAN总线在汽车上的研究与应用

采用Philips公司的P87C591作为微控制器兼作网关,构造CAN通信网络,对汽车控制系统进行控制。讲述了CAN总线在汽车控制系统中的应用情况,并列举了实验过程中碰到的主要问题,说明了CAN总线网络作为一种极具潜力的控制器局域网,在汽车控制系统中有着广阔的应用前景。     

基于CAN总线的汽车车身网络系统开发

介绍应用CAN总线开发的汽车车身网络系统。该系统具有车身电器网络化控制、模拟量采集、信息显示等功能,设计了可以保持汽车传统操作方式不变的人机接口,阐述了系统的开发思想、硬件设计、通讯协议及软件设计,总结了系统开发情况。     

道路交叉口车路协调实验系统设计与实现

提出了道路交叉口车路协调实验系统框架、实现方法并进行了系统搭建测试。在分析系统功能的基础上进行了系统逻辑框架与系统物理框架设计,实现了各子系统功能,包括：GPS车载定位信息采集、交通控制系统设定、路侧处理单元与车载处理单元程序设计与短程无线通信,在此基础上建立了道路交叉口车路协调实验系统,模拟实际交通运行状态对系统主要性能进行测试。实验结果表明该系统可以完成信号灯状态的车载实时显示,但应进一步提高定位精度与通信效果。实验系统不仅为进一步研究基于车路协调的下一代智能交通运输系统提供了实验平台,还能采集相关的车辆运行数据与驾驶员特征数据。     

Network performance analysis and manuever model for overtaking assistant service using wave

We present network requirements for an overtaking assistant service using wireless access in vehicular environment (WAVE). Currently, DNPW has been proposed as a representative overtaking assistant service with vehicle-tovehicle (V2V) communication. In order to analyze its network performance, we construct a maneuver model for an overtaking system. According to this model, we configured a scenario for network simulation based on the 802.11p WAVE standard. The results confirm that a radio range for overtaking needs only a single hop without routing methods. Moreover, we propose an additional safe distance for the communication delay generated by an increase in the numbers of neighboring vehicles. And for high priority activity of safety services, we present a proper access category (AC) of enhanced distributed channel access (EDCA). These analysis results should be tested considered in real safety service systems that use V2V communication.     

汽车CAN总线技术及其检测维修

汽车CAN总线技术是一种全新的汽车电控系统信息通信方式,是为解决现代汽车中众多的电控模块(ECU)之间的数据交换而开发的一种串行通信协议,适应汽车恶劣的工作环境和通信速度要求,在信息传递、资源共享方面有着独特的优势,并可有效减少线束的长度和节点数量;同时汽车CAN总线也有着自身独特的结构、工作特性以及相应的故障特点,对其性能的检测、故障的诊断和排除也应有其对应的方法和注意事项。