复杂枢纽互通改造施工交通组织方案研究

枢纽式互通立交在高速公路网中起着重要的节点作用,能够进行连续、快速的交通转换。枢纽式互通立交的改造施工要涉及一条或多条匝道,施工期间的交通组织对局部甚至区域路网的通行效率有着重大影响。文章以G65包茂高速公路同古枢纽互通为对象,对复杂枢纽互通改造施工交通组织方案进行了探讨,可供类似工程参考。     

某高速公路枢纽互通设计

枢纽互通立体交叉(system interchange)是高速公路或具干线功能的其他多车道公路相互交叉的互通式立体交叉,为路网系统中的最高级节点,担负干线公路之间交通流转换的重要功能。本文从某高速公路中凤山枢纽互通在路网中的地位、专项交通量、匝道布设、工程数量多少等方面出发,提出多个互通方案的必选,最终选择适应各方面需求且最为经济的立交方案,总结出高速公路枢纽互通式立交方案设计的主要影响因素。     

如何提高B型单喇叭互通立交运行的安全性

文章介绍了B型单喇叭互通立交匝道设计中应注意的问题,对此类互通立交匝道运行的安全性进行了评价,为类似的设计提供参考。     

徐明高速（贾汪—睢宁段）大许枢纽互通立交方案比选

为了提高互通立交的设计水平,以徐明高速公路大许枢纽互通立交为实例,通过对互通立交的交通量及主要控制因素进行分析,详细介绍枢纽互通立交设计选型、方案比选的思路及方法,以期为同类型设计提供参考。     

互通立交匝道设计探讨

现代互通立交的设计应结合安全、环境、功能、用地和成本等多因素综合考虑,运用更为灵活的设计手法,从程式化或模板化设计中解脱出来,树立创作设计的思想.文章运用现代互通立交设计理论,对互通立交匝道设计中的一些基本问题进行了探讨.     

G0512线成乐高速绕城枢纽互通立交方案研究

G0512成都至乐山高速公路与成都绕城高速公路在武侯区交叉,需设置十字枢纽互通,并在绕城高速公路内侧设置主线收费站。该互通交叉节点绕城高速公路与成绵乐高铁平行,最近的节点距离填方坡脚仅5 m,互通匝道布设受铁路影响较大,交叉区域位于城市边缘,受控因素多,方案布设难度大。文章结合成都绕城高速公路、成绵乐高铁及周边控制点布局,介绍了G0512成都至乐山高速公路与成都绕城枢纽互通式立交设计方案的比选研究过程。     

限制条件下某枢纽互通式立交方案设计分析

受被交叉道路线位、用地、投资及重要地物等多种地物限制,高速公路枢纽互通设计时必然存在多角度比选问题。以四川省某高速公路枢纽互通选型方案为例,提出互通设计原则,对立交实例进行互通选型要素分析,就多个客观条件限制下的枢纽互通设计进行方案设计,对不同立交方案做出定量比较,最终提出相应的推荐方案,以期为类似互通式立交的方案比选提供参考。     

城市互通立交的选型与设计

根据城市互通立交设置空间有限、功能要求高、选型及规模对城市交通影响重大的特点,着重对城市互通立交选型与设计的要点进行了探讨,并结合合肥市二环路—徽州大道枢纽立交论述了城市互通立交的选型与设计,可为国内其他类似五路交叉口改造为互通立交提供借鉴参考。     

广清立交方案设计安全性几点研究

将公路安全性评价的理念应用到立交方案设计中,并结合广清立交工程设计实例,从立交型式、匝道与主线速度协调性、匝道出入口设计、地面交通组织等方面分析探讨了城市枢纽性立交在方案设计中必须考虑的公路安全性问题.     

古亭山互通式立交方案设计比选分析

文章基于古亭山互通式立交所处的地形地质概况及其交通量情况,从立交匝道布置及左转匝道主要技术指标方面,对所提出的小环道+半定向混合型设计方案和对称苜蓿叶+半定向混合型设计方案进行了比选,最终选定小环道+半定向混合型方案为可行的立交方案。     

A queueing based traffic flow model

The assessment of uninterrupted traffic flow is traditionally based on empirical methods. We develop some analytic queueing models based on traffic counts and we model the behavior of traffic flows as a function of some of the most relevant determinants. These analytic models allow for parameterized experiments, which pave the way towards our research objectives: assessing what-if scenario’s and sensitivity analysis for traffic management, congestion control, traffic design and the environmental impact of road traffic (e.g. emission models). The impact of some crucial modeling parameters is studied in detail and links with the broader research objectives are given. We illustrate our results for a highway, based on counted traffic flows in Flanders.     

Estimating link travel time functions for heterogeneous traffic flows on freeways

Oversized vehicles, such as trucks, significantly contribute to traffic delays on freeways. Heterogeneous traffic populations, that is, those consisting of multiple vehicles types, can exhibit more complicated travel behaviors in the operating speed and performance, depending on the traffic volume as well as the proportions of vehicle types. In order to estimate the component travel time functions for heterogeneous traffic flows on a freeway, this study develops a microscopic traffic‐simulation based four‐step method. A piecewise continuous function is proposed for each vehicle type and its parameters are estimated using the traffic data generated by a microscopic traffic simulation model. The illustrated experiments based on VISSIM model indicate that (i) in addition to traffic volume, traffic composition has significant influence on the travel time of vehicles and (ii) the respective estimations for travel time of heterogeneous flows could greatly improve their estimation accuracy. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Connectivity-based optimization of vehicle route and speed for improved fuel economy

Traditionally, vehicle route planning problem focuses on route optimization based on traffic data and surrounding environment. This paper proposes a novel extended vehicle route planning problem, called vehicle macroscopic motion planning (VMMP) problem, to optimize vehicle route and speed simultaneously using both traffic data and vehicle characteristics to improve fuel economy for a given expected trip time. The required traffic data and neighbouring vehicle dynamic parameters can be collected through the vehicle connectivity (e.g. vehicle-to-vehicle, vehicle-to-infrastructure, vehicle-to-cloud, etc.) developed rapidly in recent years. A genetic algorithm based co-optimization method, along with an adaptive real-time optimization strategy, is proposed to solve the proposed VMMP problem. It is able to provide the fuel economic route and reference speed for drivers or automated vehicles to improve the vehicle fuel economy. A co-simulation model, combining a traffic model based on SUMO (Simulation of Urban MObility) with a Simulink powertrain model, is developed to validate the proposed VMMP method. Four simulation studies, based on a real traffic network, are conducted for validating the proposed VMMP: (1) ideal traffic environment without traffic light and jam for studying the fuel economy improvement, (2) traffic environment with traffic light for validating the proposed traffic light penalty model, (3) traffic environment with traffic light and jam for validating the proposed adaptive real-time optimization strategy, and (4) investigating the effect of different powertrain platforms to fuel economy using two different vehicle platforms. Simulation results show that the proposed VMMP method is able to improve vehicle fuel economy significantly. For instance, comparing with the fastest route, the fuel economy using the proposed VMMP method is improved by up to 15%.     

A model‐based demand‐balancing control for dynamically divided multiple urban subnetworks

Traffic control is an effective and efficient method for the problem of traffic congestion. It is necessary to design a high‐level controller to regulate the network traffic demands, because traffic congestion is not only caused by the improper management of the traffic network but also to a great extent caused by excessive network traffic demands. Therefore, we design a demand‐balance model predictive controller based on the macroscopic fundamental diagram‐based multi‐subnetwork model, which can optimize the network traffic mobility and the network traffic throughput by regulating the input traffic flows of the subnetworks. Because the transferring traffic flows among subnetworks are indirectly controlled and coordinated by the demand‐balance model predictive controller, the subnetwork division can variate dynamically according to real traffic states, and a global optimality can be achieved for the entire traffic network. The simulation results show the effectiveness of the proposed controller in improving the network traffic throughput. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Assessing the impact of reduced visibility on traffic crash risk using microscopic data and surrogate safety measures

Due to the difficulty of obtaining accurate real-time visibility and vehicle based traffic data at the same time, there are only few research studies that addressed the impact of reduced visibility on traffic crash risk. This research was conducted based on a new visibility detection system by mounting visibility sensor arrays combined with adaptive learning modules to provide more accurate visibility detections. The vehicle-based detector, Wavetronix SmartSensor HD, was installed at the same place to collect traffic data. Reduced visibility due to fog were selected and analyzed by comparing them with clear cases to identify the differences based on several surrogate measures of safety under different visibility classes. Moreover, vehicles were divided into different types and the vehicles in different lanes were compared in order to identify whether the impact of reduced visibility due to fog on traffic crash risk varies depending on vehicle types and lanes. Log-Inverse Gaussian regression modeling was then applied to explore the relationship between time to collision and visibility together with other traffic parameters. Based on the accurate visibility and traffic data collected by the new visibility and traffic detection system, it was concluded that reduced visibility would significantly increase the traffic crash risk especially rear-end crashes and the impact on crash risk was different for different vehicle types and for different lanes. The results would be helpful to understand the change in traffic crash risk and crash contributing factors under fog conditions. We suggest implementing the algorithms in real-time and augmenting it with ITS measures such as VSL and DMS to reduce crash risk.     

Noise prediction for highways in Thailand

A model of highway traffic noise is formulated based on vehicle types. The data were collected from local highways in Thailand with free-flow traffic conditions. First, data on vehicle noise was collected from individual vehicles using sound level meters placed at a reference distance. Simultaneously, measurements were made of vehicles’ spot speeds. Secondly, are data for building the highway traffic noise model. This consists of traffic noise levels, traffic volumes by vehicle classification, average spot speeds by vehicle type, and the geometric dimension of highway sections. The free-flow traffic noise model is generated from this database. A reference energy mean emission level (the basic noise) level for each type of vehicles is developed based on direct measurement of Leq (10 s) from the real running condition of each type of vehicles. Modification of terms and parameters are used to make the model fit highway traffic characteristics and different types of vehicle.     

低碳经济背景下河谷型城市交通级配体系研究

文章针对交通方式的合理比例分配问题,提出了交通级配的概念,构建了城市交通级配体系,并基于对西部河谷型城市道路网络特征的分析,以兰州市为例,提出了相应的交通管理措施,为城市绿色交通建设的实现提供方法借鉴。     

Recent developments in traffic flow modeling using macroscopic fundamental diagram

ABSTRACT

This paper presents an overview of the recent developments in traffic flow modelling and analysis using macroscopic fundamental diagram (MFD) as well as their applications. In recent literature, various aggregated traffic models have been proposed and studied to analyse traffic flow while enhancing network efficiency. Many of these studies have focused on models based on MFD that describes the relationship between aggregated flow and aggregated density of transport networks. The analysis of MFD has been carried out based on experimental data collected from sensors and GPS, as well as simulation models. Several factors are found to influence the existence and shape of MFD, including traffic demand, network and signal settings, and route choices. As MFD can well express the traffic dynamics of large urban transport networks, it has been extensively applied to traffic studies, including the development of network-wide control strategies, network partitioning, performance evaluation, and road pricing. This work also presents future extensions and research directions for MFD-based traffic modelling and applications.     

弯道诱发道路交通安全事故分析

道路交通安全关乎我们的切身利益,其诱发因素颇多,而弯道是交通安全事故高发地。文章从汽车行驶特性、不良视距、会车超车等方面入手,分析弯道诱因与交通安全事故间的内在关系,并提出了基于GPS、GIS信息系统工程的智能交通预警思路,为交通安全控制提供理论参考依据。     

Multiagent architectures for intelligent traffic management systems

This paper reports our experiences with agent-based architectures for intelligent traffic management systems. We describe and compare integrated TRYS and TRYS autonomous agents, two multiagent systems that perform decision support for real-time traffic management in the urban motorway network around Barcelona. Both systems draw upon traffic management agents that use similar knowledge-based reasoning techniques in order to deal with local traffic problems. Still, the former achieves agent coordination based on a traditional centralized mechanism, while in the latter coordination emerges upon the lateral interaction of autonomous traffic management agents. We evaluate the potentials and drawbacks of both multiagent architectures for the domain, and develop some conclusions respecting the general applicability of multiagent architectures for intelligent traffic management.