基于模糊决策分析的建筑结构可靠性的评定

船舶电气设备的故障管理包括对设备故障的预防、故障原因查找和故障后果处理,文章从管理的角度阐述了防止船舶电气设备故障的预防措施,介绍了查找故障原因和处理故障的一般通用方法.     

轨道交通用直流开关电器故障分析

基于现有轨道交通用直流开关电器在使用中出现的故障,本文对地铁车辆检修时出现的断路器和接触器典型故障进行了统计,按非金属件故障和金属件故障进行了归类,通过分析故障的危险程度,将故障分为一般故障和严重故障,发现了故障存在共性问题,为车辆检修提供了更换或继续使用的评判依据。同时本文对各种故障进行分析,也对其提供了解决故障的有效措施及处理意见,旨在进一步提高产品可靠性,降低产品故障率。     

基于大数据的船舶故障趋势预测

船舶故障趋势预测的研究具有重要实际应用,船舶故障趋势复杂多变,当前船舶故障趋势预测方法无法高精度描述其故障变化特点,使得船舶故障预测趋势结果靠性低。为了提高船舶故障趋势预测效果,设计了基于大数据的船舶故障趋势预测方法。首先分析当前船舶故障趋势预测研究进展,找到各种方法的船舶故障趋势预测的局限性,然后采用船舶故障趋势数据,并利用大数据分析技术拟合船舶故障变化趋势,构建船舶故障趋势预测模型。最后在相同平台下,与其他船舶故障趋势预测方法进行了对比测试。结果表明,大数据的船舶故障趋势预测精度超过95%,不仅完全达到了船舶故障控制的实际应用要求,而且船舶故障趋势预测效果要优于对比方法,具有更加广泛的实际应用范围。     

关于船机故障的几个问题

阐述了船机故障的分类;故障发生前的征兆;故障模式;故障规律及故障的人为因素,特别指出轮机管理中人为因素对船机故障的重大影响.     

大型船舶轴系故障非接触式监测方法

大型船舶轴系故障具有多变性,导致当前故障识别方法无法有效对各种类型的大型船舶轴系故障进行准确识别,为了提高大型船舶轴系故障识别的效果,设计一种新型的大型船舶轴系故障非接触式监测方法。首先采集大型船舶轴系故障识别信号,采用小波对其进行去噪,然后换提取大型船舶轴系故障识别信号特征,最后采用最小二乘支持向量机设计大型船舶轴系故障识别的分类器,并进行了具体的大型船舶轴系故障识别模拟实验。与其他大型船舶轴系故障识别方法相比,本文方法通过小波抑制了大型船舶轴系故障识别信号中的噪声干扰,提高了大型船舶轴系故障识别成功率,加快了大型船舶轴系故障识别的训练时间,建立更高效率的大型船舶轴系故障识别分类器。     

主机油雾监测系统故障原因分析

文章针对主机油雾监测系统在使用过程中出现的各类故障进行原因分析,结果判断为控制器故障、传感器故障、采集通道故障,根据相关的故障代码提出了对应的分析判断及故障排除。     

海浪载荷干扰下船舶发动机故障检测数学模型研究

针对传统船舶发动机故障检测数学模型故障检测速率较低的问题,提出一种海浪载荷干扰下船舶发动机故障检测数学模型,在海浪载荷干扰下对船舶发动机进行振动测量,提取船舶发动机的时域故障特征,通过测量获取船舶发动机转子系统的3阶、2阶、1阶临界转速以及轴向转子的固有频率,对船舶发动机的频域故障特征进行提取,利用获取的时域故障特征数据与频域故障特征数据建立船舶发动机的故障检测数学模型,实现船舶发动机的故障检测。为了验证建立的数学模型的故障检测速率较高,将该模型与基于线性分段方法的船舶发动机故障检测数学模型、基于异常检测算法的船舶发动机故障检测数学模型、基于异常子序列的船舶发动机故障检测数学模型进行对比实验,实验结果证明该模型的故障检测速率最高,说明该模型更适用于船舶发动机的故障检测。     

船舶起重设备异步电机故障维修方法

传统的异步电机故障维修方法存在着维修效率低的缺陷,为此提出船舶起重设备异步电机故障维修方法。采用传感器、采集卡等设备对异步电机的振动信号和电流信号进行采集,通过时域特征方法在采集的信号中提取故障特征量,将其导入故障识别算法实现了异步电机故障的识别。以得到的故障识别数据为依据,建立异步电机故障维修模型,将故障数据导入模型中,实现异步电机故障的维修。通过实验得到,提出的异步电机故障维修方法的维修效率比传统方法高出23.9%,说明提出的异步电机故障维修方法具备极高的有效性。     

船用空压机故障分析

在论述船用空压机基本结构的基础上,总结了船用空压机的故障特点.根据调研数据总结了船用空压机常见的故障现象,并分析了各种故障现象下的故障原因和故障排除方法,有助于快速查找故障部位和排除故障.     

船用空压机故障分析

在论述船用空压机基本结构的基础上,总结了船用空压机的故障特点。根据调研数据总结了船用空压机常见的故障现象,并分析了各种故障现象下的故障原因和故障排除方法,有助于快速查找故障部位和排除故障。     

In Political Seas: Engaging with Political Ecology in the Ocean and Coastal Environment

The world’s oceans and coasts are awash in a sea of politics. The marine environment is increasingly busy, changing, and a site of degradation, marginalization, injustice, contestation and conflict over declining resources and occupied spaces at local to global scales. Themes of political ecology, such as power and politics, narratives and knowledge, scale and history, environmental justice and equity, are thus salient issues to understand in ocean and coastal governance and management. This subject review examines research on these themes of political ecology in the ocean and coastal environment and reflects on how the insights gained might be applied to governance and management. Political ecology provides important insights into: the influence of power in ocean management and governance processes; the manner in which narratives, knowledge, and scale are used to legitimize and shape policies and management efforts; the effects of historical trajectories on present circumstances, options, and practices; and the nature of inequities and environmental injustices that can occur in the marine environment. Moreover, ocean and coastal researchers, practitioners, and decision makers ought to engage with the political processes and injustices occurring in the ocean. Moving from critical insights to constructive engagements will ensure that political ecology helps to plant seeds of hope in the Anthropocene ocean.     

设计模式在设备故障红外智能诊断软件中的应用

诊断软件由于其诊断对象的复杂性和诊断策略的多样性,为设计模式的使用提供了较大空间.将设计模式引入船用机电设备故障红外智能诊断软件的开发,并具体讨论了一些常见的模式如Adapter、Bridge、Strategy和Observer等在软件各个模块和环节中的应用.实验证明,设计模式的使用,简化、明晰了软件的结构,加强了软件的通用性、稳定性和灵活性,提高了软件的可理解性和可维护性,并使得丰富红外诊断软件的接口和功能变得更为容易,进一步拓宽了软件的使用范围.     

Part I: Externalities and economic policies in road transport

Road transport imposes negative externalities on society. These externalities include environmental and road damage, accidents, congestion, and oil dependence. The cost of these externalities to society is in general not reflected in the current market prices in the road transport sector.An efficient mobility model for the future must take into account the true costs of transport and its regulatory framework will need to create incentives for people to make sustainable transport choices. This paper discusses the use of economic instruments to correct road transport externalities, but gives relatively more weight to the problem of carbon emissions from road transport, as this is particularly challenging, given its global and long-term nature.Economics offers two types of instruments for addressing the problem of transport externalities: command-and-control and incentive-based policies.Command-and-control policies are government regulations which force consumers and producers to change their behaviour. They are the most widely used policy instruments. Examples include vehicle emission and fuel standards in the US as well as driving or parking restrictions in Singapore. The implementation cost of these instruments to the government is small. Although from an economic perspective these policies often fail to achieve an efficient market outcome, the presence of political constraints often make them the preferred option, in terms of feasibility and effectiveness.Economic theory shows how policies, which affect consumption and production incentives, can be used to achieve the optimal outcome in the presence of externalities. Incentive-based policies function within a new or an altered market. We first examine incentive-based policies, which cap the aggregate amount of the externality, such as carbon emissions, by allocating permits or rights to the emitters. The emitters are then free to trade their permits amongst them. The permit allocation mechanism is important-although market efficiency would be satisfied by an auction, political influences usually favour a proportional allocation based on historic emissions. We discuss EU ETS as an example of a cap-and-trade system, however, no such policy for CO₂ emissions in road transport has been implemented anywhere in the world to date.Fiscal instruments are, like command-and-control, widely used in road transport, because they are relatively cheap and simple to implement. They include the use of taxes and charges in order to bridge the gap between private and the social costs and, in principle, can lead to an efficient market solution. Registration, ownership, fuel, emissions, usage taxes, and parking and congestion charges have been implemented in many countries around the world. On the other side of the spectrum, subsidies can be given to those scrapping old cars and buying fuel-efficient vehicles. Some cities, such as London, have implemented congestion charges and many states in the United States have introduced high occupancy lanes. Other interesting possibilities include pay-as-you-drive insurance and other usage charges. However, the size and scope of taxes and subsidies are determined by governments, and because of their imperfect knowledge of the market the outcome is still likely to be inefficient.Governments have many effective economic instruments to create a sustainable road transport model. These instruments can be used separately or together, but their implementation will be necessary in the nearest future.     

探路、开路、筑路——为创立世界修船业共生时代再出发

中国修船业在国家改革开放的浪潮中,经历了三十多年的快速发展,如今已稳居世界修船大国的国际地位,而中国修船企业正在引领世界绿色修船科技的进步,也引起了国际修船业的高度关注.然而,在人类社会生态环境面临严峻挑战的当下,作为世界贸易和港口经济重要组成部分的修船产业,如何形成发展新格局,从生态层面推进绿色、低碳、数字"一体化"...     

船舶制造技术成熟度评估系统

在船舶制造中,技术成熟度的评估意识薄弱且缺少信息化手段。通过确定评估指标、设定权重,建立船舶制造技术成熟度评估系统,由系统计算成熟度的得分和等级,从总体设计、建造工艺、船厂建造资源能力、船舶研制定型后等方面进行评估。该系统可减少返工带来的时间成本、人力成本,提高船舶制造技术成熟度评估的科学性、准确性、可靠性、灵活性及效率。     

双鱼岛陆域高程确定的要素分析

双鱼岛作为离岸式城市综合开发类人工岛,岛上陆域高程是一个独立的系统,陆域高程的确定关系到规划、安全、护岸、景观、土方量和造价、防洪排涝、亲水性等。对人工岛填海造地期和使用期高程确定的主要因素进行论述,并整体介绍双鱼岛高程的变化趋势,对不同部位的高程确定进行分析,同时对工程安全性与景观的平衡、高程与上部规划的关系、高程与土方量及最优造价进行研究。研究成果可供类似工程的高程确定提供思路及参考。     

The Indian dry ports sector, pricing policies and opportunities for public-private partnerships

At the time of writing (2010), the world is witnessing the aftermath of the most severe financial sector meltdown in modern economic history caused by the real estate bubble in the United States. Its consequences on the real economy, especially in Europe, are yet to be fathomed, and this of course includes the longer-term impacts on international ocean transportation, ports and the distribution of global production.The economic recession has left the international shipping and port sectors with substantial overcapacity. This has resulted in drastic cost cutting measures on the one hand, and voluntary, often consensual, and coordinated reduction of supply on the other. These measures, together with a noticeable recovery in demand, are gradually leading again to improvement in prices charged by carriers and other transport service providers.In view of the country’s expanse; size of population; and regional inequalities, India’s dry ports (inland cargo consolidation and distribution centres) are seen by the government as a pivot of export-led growth and economic development (Haralambides & Gujar, 2011). Moreover, public and private sectors alike see the coordinated development of dry ports as the only way forward in terms of easing pressures at congested coastal ports, thus improving supply chain efficiency. In spite of this, dry port development and operations are still dominated by the public sector, under prices, capacity, land acquisition policies and other conditions that make private sector participation risky and comparatively unattractive. In order to rationalize dry port capacity and prices, this paper argues in favour of greater devolution through competition-enhancing Public-Private Partnerships (PPPs). The paper puts forward recommendations for the necessary legal, regulatory and general economic policy interventions based on international best practice, while keeping Indian specificities in the right perspective.     

Spatial pattern of the global shipping network and its hub-and-spoke system

Port system is a research focus of transport geography, and most studies believe carriers are important factors in the development and concentration of the port system. Since the 1990s, carriers have played an important role in organizing the global shipping network and reorganizing the port system. But there isn’t a perfect method to evaluate carriers’ influence and the roles of each port in the maritime shipping networks. In this paper, we use the monthly schedule table of international carriers to describe and model the spatial pattern of the global shipping network and identify its hub-and-spoke system. The result shows that a hierarchical structure exists in the global shipping network. The North Hemisphere, especially the East Asia and the Southeast Asia, is a dominant region of the worldwide shipping network. East Asia, Southeast Asia, Northeast Europe, and East coast of the USA are the concentration regions of worldwide shipping lines. The ports of Hong Kong, Singapore, Shenzhen, Shanghai, and Kaohsiung etc have advanced capacity for maritime shipping and high potentials for being hub ports in the global shipping network. Today, the worldwide shipping network is transforming from the multi-port calling system to 44 regional hub-and-spoke systems. Meanwhile, the sub-networks with hub ports of Antwerp, Singapore, and Hong Kong have become the most important ones and dominate the whole global shipping network.     

高扬程升船机不同壁厚塔柱结构的抗震性能分析

基于200米级高扬程升船机固定壁厚塔柱结构形式,以混凝土用量一致为原则,拟定变壁厚塔柱结构形式。采用有限元软件ABAQUS,分别建立了固定壁厚和变壁厚两种塔柱结构模型,对塔柱结构的动力响应进行对比分析。结果表明:1)在自重荷载、风荷载和8度地震作用下,固定壁厚塔柱结构和变壁厚塔柱结构的顶部最大位移分别为38. 5、34. 7 cm,均满足规范限值。2) 3条地震波作用下,两种塔柱结构的顶部加速度比底部加速度都大,呈现加速度放大效应,放大2倍左右。3)筏形基础与塔柱结构交界面出现了压应力集中,筏形基础左右、中间部分及筒体内部区域出现了拉应力集中。塔柱截面和挡土墙交界处易发生应力集中。4)变壁厚塔柱结构的顶部最大位移,筏形基础的最大拉、压应力,截面最大等效应力,均比固定壁厚要小较多。变壁厚塔柱结构形式更优。     

中国古代造船业对世界的贡献与影响(连载一)

中国的独木舟出现可能与西方同期，风帆出现比埃及晚，但是一经问世，技术上先进程度却是惊人的，特别是公元前后到十五世纪，许多发明创造更是举世瞩目。这些发明和创造，不但丰富和发展了自己，而且使世界各国受益非浅，极大地促进了世界造船业发展与航海贸易进行，其贡献是辉宏的。通过以船型、水密舱壁、明轮推进、船舵与使帆技术、船体建造及其工艺、导航技术、造船理论、船舶检验与管理、水战兵器、郑和下西洋意义等十个方面进行介绍，它充分证明了中华民族有着光辉灿烂的文化，中国人民，是勤劳智慧的人民。在增加民族自豪感同时，也激励我们继往开来，与时俱进，勇往直前。