地铁运营期轨行区施工人员安全能力分析

本文对一般建筑业的施工人员安全能力模型进行了认知拓展,并论证了以南京地铁危险源数据为基础进行施工人员安全能力分析的可行性,同时根据地铁运营期轨行区空间划分的特点,运用模型准确确定了可能导致事故的空间典型行为性危险源中施工人员出现失误的阶段,并在分析施工人员内在特质对失误阶段影响的基础上,提出了提高施工人员安全能力的策略。     

地铁折返道岔故障预案研究——以上海9号线为例

地铁运营中经常出现不同类型的事故影响客运服务，处理不当便会造成混乱，引发安全事故，给乘客的出行带来不便与风险。为保证地铁正常、安全运营，相关运营管理部门应提前做好事故预案，保证在突发事故出现时，能快速采取相应措施，减少突发事故对乘客造成的影响。本文以上海地铁9号线为研究基础，分析总结地铁折返道岔故障下的两种应对措施，探讨道岔事故发生时运营人员各岗位的职责、维修人员抢修的作业流程以及列车行车的调整方案。     

道路交通事故双重预防机理研究

针对安全科学中事故致因和风险管理理论互相独立，安全工作中对于事故、事故原因、危险、风险、危险源、风险源、隐患的含义和关系认识不一致的问题，本文将双重预防机制的理念运用到道路交通安全领域。通过词义解析和相关标准的分析，归纳上述概念的内涵，辨析隐患的本质，提出基于安全约束的事故致因模型来阐述道路交通事故双重预防机理。结果表明：危险是客观状态，风险是主观评价，隐患的定义为安全约束的失效，隐患的本质为系统所产生的意外的、不合人意的涌现；风险管理本质上是假设事故发生的情形并设计安全约束，隐患排查是对风险管理的完善；道路交通事故双重预防机理可以将事故致因和风险管理理论进行结合。     

基于溢油轨迹和归宿模型的钦州湾溢油风险研究

本文从环境敏感资源、船舶交通量及油品运量、事故案例等方面分析了钦州湾溢油风险现状及发展形势,并研究了溢油事故的危害和致因。本文将Oilmap溢油轨迹和归宿模型应用于钦州湾溢油风险研究,采用情景分析法假定溢油事故场景,并预测各事故情景下,溢油到达岸线的时间、油膜扫海面积、污染岸线长度和着岸油量等指标。根据钦州湾溢油风险分析及事故后果模拟,提出了钦州湾溢油风险的防范措施。     

汽车维修企业安全管理核心

修理工被维修车辆碾压、轮胎爆炸致人伤亡、维修工烫伤压伤,擅自驾驶修理车辆发生事故、汽车掉入地沟、火灾、电器、设备机械事故,因维修质量引发交通事故……种种关系汽车维修企业安全管理的责任事故不一而足.汽车维修企业的安全生产形势并不乐观.     

基于OILMAP模型的洋浦港溢油风险研究

本文从环境敏感资源识别、区域风险分析、船舶交通事故源项分析等方面分析了海南洋浦港溢油风险现状及发展形势,并研究了溢油事故的危害和致因。本文将Oilmap溢油轨迹和归宿模型应用于洋浦港溢油风险研究,采用情景分析法假定溢油事故场景,并预测各事故情景下,溢油到达岸线的时间、油膜扫海面积等指标,对溢油事故污染风险进行了分析。     

基于OILMAP模型的洋浦港溢油风险研究

本文从环境敏感资源识别、区域风险分析、船舶交通事故源项分析等方面分析了海南洋浦港溢油风险现状及发展形势,并研究了溢油事故的危害和致因。本文将Oilmap溢油轨迹和归宿模型应用于洋浦港溢油风险研究,采用情景分析法假定溢油事故场景,并预测各事故情景下,溢油到达岸线的时间、油膜扫海面积等指标,对溢油事故污染风险进行了分析。     

地铁车辆主动灭火系统对人员安全疏散的有效性分析

由于轨道交通车辆空间相对密闭、人员密集且无序,一旦发生火灾即会造成群死群伤,因此急需提高其消防安全隐患的防范能力.本文以地铁车厢为载体,加载主动灭火系统,运用火灾动力学模拟软件FDS对地铁车厢典型着火位置发生火灾时,是否使用主动灭火系统两种火灾场景进行数值计算,对比分析两种火灾场景下的烟气蔓延规律及主要火灾产物的分布及变化规律.研究表明,主动灭火系统能有效地抑制地铁列车火灾温度的升高、控制烟气蔓延速度,为人员逃生提供较为安全的环境.     

地铁隧道穿西安地裂缝的研究进展及“先盾后扩”法的应用展望

西安地裂缝是一种几乎覆盖整个市域范围的黄土地区典型地质灾害，其蠕变活动严重危害地铁隧道安全，是地铁建设面临的一个重大技术难题。结合西安地铁十几年的地裂缝防治经验，从地裂缝分布及活动特征、地铁面临的危害、设防理念与措施、设防参数、设防结构营运情况等方面进行了系统性梳理，着重分析了常规“暗挖+盾构空推”工法存在的问题，并提出了一种“先盾后扩”新型建造技术。主要结论如下：（1）地铁隧道穿地裂缝段的常规建造工法涉及竖井及横通道开挖、CRD法人工作业、盾构空推等一系列复杂流程，设防必要性及现有建造技术复杂性之间的矛盾严重制约了西安地铁建设进程；（2）给出了“先盾后扩”新工法的建造流程、需解决的问题及工程应用前景；（3）“先盾后扩”法通过结构及工法优化，确保了盾构作业的连续性，避免盾构洞内始发及接收，进而在同等设防参数条件下减小设防断面，是实现地铁隧道便捷、低成本穿地裂缝段的一次重要探索与尝试。     

地铁地下车站渗漏水处理技术分析

地铁地下车站建设是地铁工程的重要部分,而地铁地下车站建设的难点在于渗漏水问题,无论是地铁工程建设还是在运营阶段,加强对地下车站渗漏水防治都具有重要意义。以上海某地下车站渗漏水问题为例,对其渗漏水病害的具体情况进行详细分析,并提出相应处理技术对策,希望为类似车站渗漏水整治提供参考。     

西部地区公路地质灾害监测预报技术研究

“西部地区公路地质灾害监测预报技术研究”项目针对西部地区公路地质灾害危险性区划、滑坡、崩塌与泥石流监测预报及地质灾害安全管理等关键技术问题进行深入系统研究，形成了公路滑坡、崩塌与泥石流监测预报成套技术，建立了公路地质灾害数据标准，构建了“基于GIS的公路地质灾害监测预报信息系统”平台，实现了公路地质灾害监测实时分析处理和动态预报，为地质灾害综合管理提供技术支撑。     

桥梁薄壁墩火灾后评估检测与加固

文章以某桥梁薄壁墩为例,介绍了火灾后薄壁墩墩身的损伤情况,检测分析了其材料力学性能和承载力损失率,并提出了相应的加固措施及施工要点。     

Seaport investments in capacity and natural disaster prevention

Most seaports face constraints in financial resources to some degree, and thus need to balance the investments in capacity and natural disaster prevention. On the one hand, due to budget constraint, limited resources need to be allocated between the two tasks. On the other hand, the benefit of natural disaster prevention investment is likely to be higher for ports with larger capacity. This study builds a stylized analytical model to examine the managerial and policy implications of such interactions between the two counteracting mechanisms. We find that the port managers would always prioritize capacity investment over natural disaster prevention investment. Social welfare maximizing ports invest more in both capacity and disaster prevention than those chosen by profit maximizing operators. However, compared with profit maximizing ports, welfare maximizing ports also require a larger budget to justify the investment in disaster prevention. Moreover, with increasing intensity of natural disaster, a port’s capacity investment decreases and its disaster prevention investment increases, irrespective of its objective. The magnitudes of both changes are larger for welfare maximizing ports than for profit maximizing ports.     

The Tohoku disasters: Chief lessons concerning the post disaster humanitarian logistics response and policy implications

This paper describes the findings of the research conducted by the authors on the humanitarian logistic efforts after the cascading disasters that impacted the Tohoku region after the Great East Japan Earthquake of March 11th, 2011. Using a combination of in depth interviews with participants in the relief efforts and meta analyses of news accounts, the authors identified lessons learned by the participants, and the corresponding policy implications and suggestions for improvement of future response efforts.     

汶川地区震后沿线公路泥石流灾害调查研究

本文通过对汶川地震震区周围泥石流的发生频度和强度等情况的调查研究,获得了2010到2019年8月,S303线映秀至卧龙公路、G213线映秀至汶川公路在遭遇暴雨诱发泥石流条件下的灾害损毁的第一手资料,总结了汶川震区因暴雨诱发泥石流灾害对公路造成的损毁原因,并根据具体原因提出了相对应的处治措施及建议。     

基于非线性渗流模型的管道型岩溶隧道突水机理研究北大核心CSCD

管道型岩溶突水是一个复杂的多场耦合的非线性渗流问题,致灾具有突发性。为揭示管道型岩溶突水灾害的发生机理,文章基于多物理场耦合作用机理,开展了不同溶腔水压、岩溶管道内不同填充介质、不同岩溶管道宽度及岩溶管道长度条件下的多场耦合分析。得到以下结论:(1)管道型岩溶破坏模式下发生的突水灾害,根据填充介质透水性能的异同而表现不同;(2)流体从富水溶腔中流出时流速较小,流经岩溶管道后流速逐渐增加,进入隧道后达到最大值;(3)影响突水过程的因素主要有:富水溶腔水压、岩溶管道或断层裂隙带内填充介质的种类、岩溶管道的宽度、隧道与水源的距离,其中,岩溶管道宽度及岩溶管道内填充介质类型对突水影响大于其他因素。     

An integrated multi‐objective model to determine the optimal rescue path and traffic controlled arcs for disaster relief operations under uncertainty environments

This study proposes an integrated multi‐objective model to determine the optimal rescue path and traffic controlled arcs for disaster relief operations under uncertainty environments. The model consists of three sub‐models: rescue shortest path model, post‐disaster traffic assignment model, and traffic controlled arcs selection model to minimize four objectives: travel time of rescue path, total detour travel time, number of unconnected trips of non‐victims, and number of police officers required. Since these sub‐models are inter‐related with each other, they are solved simultaneously. This study employs genetic algorithms incorporated with traffic assignment and K‐shortest path methods to determine optimal rescue path and controlled arcs. To cope with uncertain information associated with the damaged network, fuzzy system reliability theory (weakest t‐norm method) is used to measure the access reliability of rescue path. To investigate the validity and applicability of the proposed model, studies on an exemplified case and a field case of Chi‐Chi earthquake in Taiwan are conducted. The performances of three rescue strategies: without traffic control, selective traffic control (i.e. the proposed model) and absolute traffic control are compared. The results show that the proposed model can maintain the efficiency of rescue activity with minimal impact to ordinary trips and number of police officers required.     

Analysis of factors affecting the choice of route of pedestrians

Pedestrians as compared to vehicular traffic enjoy a high degree freedom of movement even in heavily congested areas. Consequently, there are more alternative links available to pedestrians between a given origin‐destination (O‐D) pair. This paper describes a study done by the University of Calgary to evaluate the factors affecting the choice of route on intra‐CBD trips or trips within the Central Business District (CBD).

An origin destination survey conducted in downtown Calgary, Alberta enabled the identification of the most significant factors influencing the choice. These factors were analyzed in relation to the physical characteristics of the location, personal characteristics of the trip maker and the type of the trip.

It appears that most people chose the shortest link and factors such as the level of congestion, safety or visual attractions were only secondary. This suggests that the length should be made a major consideration when planning and designing pedestrian links.     

输油管道中原油乳状液的流变性研究

原油乳状液的流变性是原油开采后在管道中输送的重要研究方面,为了更好地研究这一性质,采用电动搅拌机、偏光显微镜以及流变仪等仪器来测定不同含水率的原油乳状液在不同条件下的黏度,观测不同含水率的原油乳状液在偏光显微镜下的形态。并且分别对原油乳状液的黏度与含水率之间的关系以及与剪切速率之间的关系进行研究,初步确定了所测区块原油乳状液的转相点以及该区块原油乳状液的流变特性,为生产中的油气集输提供了理论依据。     

波纹管应力分析研究进展

评述了波纹管应力理论研究方法的进展情况，围绕解析法、工程近似法和数值法，对波纹管理论研究中的一些主要成果作了较详细的回顾和总结，对各种研究方法作出了评价，展望了亟待解决的一些问题。