出行者特征要素对公交服务模式的影响分析

公共交通是面向大众的服务,公共交通服务模式的制定与完善需要重点考虑出行者的出行需求,才能从根本上提高公共交通的竞争力。借鉴服务经济学的理论将公共交通服务模式分为公交服务标准、出行者界面、公交服务环境和技术4个维度。基于攀枝花市居民出行调查与公交专项调查数据,应用SPSS定量分析出行者特征要素与公交服务选择的相关性,以考察研究出行者对于公交服务的需求,并提出改善策略。通过研究表明,出行目的、出行时间、职业和年龄与公交服务模式的相关性较大。     

收费政策在公交专用道上的应用研究

借鉴国外最近流行的车道管理方案HOT—HOV与收费政策相结合的经验,提出收费公交专用道的概念,即可以让非公交车辆使用公交专用道,但需要征收一定的费用,从而实现道路资源的优化配置。同时给出了收费标准的计算方法以及收费公交专用道难点和保障措施。     

城市公交客车乘座舒适性测量与评价

通过对ISO2631、GB4970、GB/T12477等标准的研究,用振动舒适度将客车座椅处的振动加速度均方根值与人对客车振动舒适性的主观感觉联系起来,运用不同车速、测量位置的加权矩阵函数计算出客车总的振动舒适性指标,解决了现有标准评价城市公交客车平顺性不适用的问题.将此方法应用于某城市公交客车的振动平顺性的测量与评价,取得了较好的结果.     

《航海仪器》教材中船用回测深仪换能器安装位置的探讨

从国内标准、国际标准、国外教材和设备生产商等四个方面,对我国《航海仪器》教材中关于船用回声测深仪安装位置的相关描述进行探讨,认为船用回声测深仪换能器安装的具体位置不能一概而论,不适合进行定量描述,但可以确定的是换能器安装位置的选择取决于船体的形状和船舶的航速,并提出修改建议。     

船用油品常识百问百答(八)

38、问:什么是油品的浊点?答:油品冷却时由于少量析出细微结晶的石蜡使澄清的试油开始浑浊时的最高温度称为浊点。39、问:浊点的使用意义?答:答:对于需要严格控制、保持绝对通畅流动的油品品种,如喷气燃料等,浊点指标控制了失去流动性的仅有可能。而对于柴油而言,不必如此严格。国内一些公交柴油车采购油品时,用浊点作内控标准完全没有必要,用略高于凝点的冷滤点完全可以有把握选用燃油。浊点的取得跟试验条件密切相关,喷气燃料的浊点与其他燃油的浊点在我国使用不同的试验标准     

国内外BRT建设发展探析

快速公交系统（BRT）作为一种介于轨道交通和常规公交之间的新型公交运输系统在国内得到广泛推广应用。本文从BRT系统基本概念和要素出发,介绍了国内外不同城市BRT的建设、发展状况。同时,总结了BRT在规划、设计和运营管理方面的经验,为今后BRT系统的建设提供参考。     

船闸引航道隔流墙的布置

引航道布置是船闸总体设计的重要内容,也是船闸设计成败的关键。在天然河流上建设船闸,在船闸与泄水建筑物或电站之间通常设置隔流墙,将引航道水域与通过枢纽的水流隔开,形成引航道内有利的水流条件。从船闸引航道隔流墙布置的角度,强调对于不同的口门区位置,应采用不同的通航水流条件判别标准,并分析隔流墙的长度和位置在掩护引航道、抑制横流等方面的作用。最后介绍石虎塘枢纽船闸布置的案例。     

泰晤士河水上出租汽车

目前,泰晤士河有11艘双体水上巴士在运行。从上游切尔西港到下游格林尼治的航线沿途有8个停靠站,每站乘客等候的时间约20分钟。在上下班高峰时间,这条航线有直达巴士和每站停的巴士,另外增加切尔西港和格林尼治分别到查林克鲁斯、南滩、伦敦大桥、加那利码头的专线。尽管泰晤士河高速巴士不断地穿梭行驶,可是乘客普遍感到等船时间长、停客站     

基于历史保护的老城区公共交通改善研究

受历史保护等诸多因素制约,我国许多城市的老城路网条件较差,交通拥堵严重,公共交通发展水平滞后。如何改善老城交通环境,构建宜居、活力、创新的老城,是社会各界共同关注的焦点。文中以佛山老城为例,提出基于历史保护的老城公共交通改善策略。对公交线网、公交场站、公交资源整合、配套管理等方面进行了研究。     

导弹意外点火火灾特性数值分析

为掌握导弹意外点火的火灾特性,采用标准k-epsilon模型,运用计算机软件对不同位置火源点的弹药舱进行三维建模,通过计算及仿真的形式再现火灾场景,获得被研究弹药舱内各探测点处温度、压力以及烟雾质量分数等参数的实时数据、参数变化规律等,掌握被研究弹药舱导弹意外点火火灾特性规律。     

Workshop 2: Bus rapid transit as part of enhanced service provision

Workshop 2 focused on the role of BRT as part of enhanced public transport service provision. Discussion topics included case studies around the world; improved performance and operations; and better contracts, institutional settings and enhanced policies. BRT was identified as a vital component of modern public transport systems due to its ability to provide high performance and rapid implementation at a lower cost than comparable rail transit. The participants concluded that on top of improving trunk transit corridors, it is important to look to the first and last kilometers and the connections among transport modes. In addition, it is important to consider all dimensions, not just the technical issues. The workshop identified the desirable ingredients for BRT success, created a table of bus based options for different applications and a list of research topics.     

Alternative financing for Bus Rapid Transit (BRT): The case of Porto Alegre, Brazil

In the 1970s, Brazil was leading the implementation of high-flow bus priority schemes, but now cities are less capable of financing public infrastructures. This paper explores the private sector participation in the provision of transit infrastructure based on Public-Private Partnerships (PPP) for Bus Rapid Transit (BRT). The Porto Alegre BRT contemplates interchange terminals planned to accommodate retail and service activities. It is expected that these areas shall generate enough revenues to remunerate private investors, under a PPP scheme, for the construction of terminals and part of the infrastructure required to upgrade some sections of the existing busways to BRT standards.     

Bus Rapid Transit implementation in Beijing: An evaluation of performance and impacts

Bus Rapid Transit (BRT) systems are undergoing rapid development in many countries due to the unique characteristics of this form of mass transit. In China, BRT schemes are being adopted as a key strategy for relieving traffic problems. As a case-study, this paper examines the performance and impacts of BRT in Beijing, the first full-featured BRT system in China. It considers in turn the role of ITS technology in influencing the operational efficiency, technical performance and cost issues associated with BRT. Particular attention is given to the consequent impacts of BRT on travel behaviour change, traffic environment and property development. While some challenges remain, the early performance of BRT suggests that it is one of the key measures for promoting sustainable mobility.     

基于城乡一体化的快速巴士公交系统规划分析

分析了快速巴士公交系统规划的原则、思路及重点,以佛山市域为例,针对城市-城镇-村庄三级组团的结构,建构了主城区-强镇（特色镇）-一般镇-村庄的梯次合理层阶,提出了解决快速巴士公交难题的有效措施。     

Impact of Transmilenio on density,land use,and land value in Bogotá

While urban sprawl has been the general growth pattern in most developing cities worldwide, the city of Bogotá has undergone a process of densification in specific areas in the past decade. Using a differences-in-differences methodology, we have shown that the bus rapid transit (BRT) network, Transmilenio, built in this period is one of the variables that account for this higher density. Areas served by Transmilenio, especially those in the periphery that have been provided with feeder bus routes, have a higher growth than zones without access to this system. Using a similar methodology for assessing the growth of newly built areas, we have not found a clear relation between the BRT and recent evolution of residential, commercial, or work areas. However, recent scientific literature confirms an impact of the BRT on land value.     

TransMilenio BRT system in Bogota,high performance and positive impact – Main results of an ex-post evaluation

The paper presents the main characteristics, costs and impacts of TransMilenio, the bus based mass transit system of Bogotá, using BRT corridors and feeder services. An ex-post cost-benefit analysis is done, including monetary valuation of direct impacts on travel time and travel cost and externalities, such as improved road safety and air quality. Impacts on crime, land values, employment and tax revenue are also presented. The results are positive and robust; nevertheless, it is important to recognize that user perception has declined and there is urgent need to introduce service improvements. The paper also includes an ex-ante evaluation of the projected expansion using current costs, which indicates the need to limit construction capital costs. The results are an indication of the potential of BRT, and the evaluation methodology is applicable to other transit projects.     

Engaging the paratransit sector in Cape Town on public transport reform: Progress,process and risks

The South African government in 2006 initiated an urban public transport reform programme reliant on the introduction of new bus rapid transit (BRT) systems. Affected paratransit operators can opt to be incorporated in these systems by forming new operating companies, but must withdraw their existing services from proposed routes. Cape Town's first phase of BRT operations came online in 2011, and operator engagement has focussed on this phase. The attitudes within this city's paratransit sector in relation to future phases, and to the broader reform policy, remain largely untested. In view of this sector's past resistance to government-led proposals, and the current phase avoiding areas with the highest concentrations of operators, the current engagement process's outcomes may not be adequate indicators of future prospects.     

CAN总线在BROMMA吊具电控系统改造中的应用

为延长吊具使用寿命,对BROMMA吊具电控系统进行了改造,并用CAN总线替代了BROMMA控制系统。介绍原BROMMA控制系统的原理,CAN总线系统和其工作原理。改造后桥吊的工作效率明显提高。     

基于服务总线的舰载指控系统集成方法研究

针对新一代舰载指控系统对软件集成能力和水平的要求,提出了基于服务总线的舰载指控系统集成方法,分析了服务总线的体系构架和实时服务总线的模型,以及面向服务的舰载指控系统体系结构和服务集成实施方法.     

Methodology for calculating passenger capacity in bus rapid transit systems: Application to the TransMilenio system in Bogotá, Colombia

Transit textbooks and engineering manuals indicate that the capacity of Bus Rapid Transit –BRT – systems does not exceed 20,000 passengers per hour per direction. The implementation of the TransMilenio BRT System, in Bogotá, Colombia, showed that the systematic combination of multiple platforms at stations, overtaking lanes, level boarding, prepayment, large buses with multiple doors, express and local services, and traffic engineering measures at intersections, allow for very large passenger throughput. Measurements indicate actual throughput of 43,000 passengers per hour per direction with average bus occupancy of 150 passengers per articulated bus, and a commercial speed of 22–24 km/h. According to special formulas developed for the analysis of high capacity BRT corridors, the critical section of TransMilenio has a practical capacity of 48,000 passengers per hour per direction with its existing infrastructure and 150 passengers per bus – 35,000 passengers per hour per direction with 110 passengers per bus. Changes in existing infrastructure, such as additional platforms, higher capacity vehicles, non-grade facilities at critical intersections, among other improvements, may increase the capacity, speed, reliability and quality of service of the system.