热压自然通风室内污染物浓度演变特性

为探究热压自然通风向稳态发展过程室内气态污染物的迁移规律,对不同高度处污染物浓度演化进行了分析.首先结合预测热分层瞬时变化的非均匀三层模型,针对室内不同的下层污染物混合特性,建立了均匀混合和纯置换两种热压自然通风室内污染物输送模型;其次,采用4阶龙格-库塔(Runge-Kutta)方法迭代求解,得到了通风过程室内污染物...     

KEY TECHNOLOGY IN INTELLIGENT CONTROL FOR SHEET METAL DEEP DRAWING

Introduction　　 With development of economics and furtheropening,competitions in market are intensive.The margin between the material cost and price ofproducts becomes small,which compels companiesto pursue higher rate of productivity and quality.The rate of productivity has been improvedthrough high pressing automation,but in order toget satisfactory quality of products under distur-bances,on- line measurement,identification,pre-diction and on- line control must be realized. Intel-ligentcont…     

考虑初始空隙压密的岩石变形全过程本构模型

为了建立能够准确模拟岩石变形全过程的本构模型,深入分析了现有统计损伤模型难以描述岩石初始非线性变形阶段的局限性.综合考虑岩石的变形机理,将岩石抽象为由空隙和骨架组成的材料,分析了岩石变形及空隙与骨架两部分变形之间的关系,提出了空隙应变比K的概念;利用岩石三轴试验结果,提出了岩石骨架和空隙两部分应变的计算方法,推导了K的...     

深埋隧道内超前深孔降水模型试验

针对弱胶结富水粉细砂岩极易突水涌砂导致的隧道掌子面坍塌和初期支护开裂变形, 研究了深埋隧道内超前深孔降水方法, 建立了模拟隧道内超前降水的实体模型, 分析了3种降水管和3种抽水泵功率下各时刻模型的水位面变化, 采用三轴试验分析了粉细砂岩在高含水率下的破坏状态。研究结果表明: 降水试验模型切向断面上同一标高测点处中间水头低, 两侧水头逐渐升高, 呈抛物线形式, 反映了超前深孔降水规律; 粉细砂岩在高、低含水率下均呈塑性破坏, 破坏时的轴向应变小于5%;降水过程中地层含水率从20%下降到11%时, 粉细砂岩强度、黏聚力和内摩擦角达到最优稳定状态, 实现了开挖面无水状态; 隧道内超前降水参数应采用管径为65 mm的真空降水管和抽水功率为7.5 kW的真空泵, 且降水管应布置在超前掌子面20 m的隧道两侧边墙处; 在富水粉细砂岩深埋隧道内超前深孔预先降水并辅以注浆加固, 能够实现开挖期间粉细砂岩稳定, 为隧道顺利施工奠定了基础, 也避免了大埋深隧道从地表进行深井降水的困难。      

基于应变梯度的微切削第一变形区几何分析模型的研究

应用应变梯度塑性理论构建了微切削第一变形区的力学模型,在此力学模型的基础上提出了第一变形区几何尺寸的分析预测方法和影响因素,得出当材料的内禀长度l越小,即材料相对均匀时,第一变形区厚度赿小.当切削厚度增大时,第一变形区的长度增大.设计了正交切削实验来验证模型的有效性,实验结果表明随着进给量的增大,第一变形区厚度减小而第一变形区的长度反而增大.     

柔性基层沥青路面动力响应试槽试验

根据室内试槽柔性基层沥青路面结构的重复加载试验,总结了路用电阻应变片的选择依据和黏贴工艺,对比分析了压路机压实方式对应变片存活率的影响;利用惠斯登电桥电路测试了柔性基层沥青路面的动力响应,并与数值计算进行对比。研究表明:路用电阻应变片栅长应大于80 mm,并与集料的最大公称粒径相关;电阻应变片在压路机静压的方式下有较理想的存活率,而在强振作用下却极难存活;在移动荷载作用下沥青面层底部横向应变交替出现拉、压应变,其最大值比层状弹性体系模型计算值小。     

Energy-Based Approach to Structural Robustness

Introduction Structures must be robust, so that after accidentaldamage, they will not suffer consequences dispropor-tionate to the original causes. In structural engineer-ing, the modern research on structural robustness maydate back to the progressive collapse of the RonanPoint in England in 1968, where a relatively weakexplosion led to a disproportionate failure ( seeFig.1). Following this accident, considerable at-tempts have been made on this subject though debatecontinues about the true…     

Microstructure Evolution of Different Forging Processes for 12％Cr Steel During Hot Deformation

Five forging experiments were designed and conducted to investigate the effect of process parameters on microstructure evolution during hot deformation for X12CrMoWVNbN10-1-1 steel.The experimental results indicated that average grain size became finer with the increasing number of upsetting and stretching.Especially,the size of stretching three times with upsetting twice had the most remarkable effect on refinement,and the size was only 27.36%of the original one.Moreover,the stress model was integrated into the software and finite element models were established.Simulation results demonstrated that the strain at center point of workpiece was far larger than critical strain value in each process,so that dynamic recrystallization(DRX) occurred in each workpiece,which implied DRX could occur for several times with the increasing number of upsetting and stretching,and uniform finer microstructure would be obtained.However,the results also showed that higher temperature was an unfavorable factor for grain refinement,so the times of heating should be limited for workpiece,and as many forging processes as possible should be finished in once heating.     

A new fractal model of elastic,elastoplastic and plastic normal contact stiffness for slow sliding interface considering dynamic friction and strain hardening

The deflection properties of elastic stage, elastoplastic stage and plastic stage of elastomer were analyzed. Taking account of the kinetic friction force in friction interface and strain hardening in slow sliding interface, the elastic, elastoplastic and plastic normal contact stiffness model for harsh surface was established, which revised the Majumdar-Bhushan fractal model and made it more perfect. In the combination of macro and micro perspective, the effects of coarse surface fractal variables, kinetic friction force in the friction interface, material characters of the friction couples on the contact status and contact property were discussed by the study of digital analysis. Results imply that the normal contact stiffness improves with the increasing real contact area and normal contact load, and reduces with the augment of kinetic friction coefficient. When the kinetic friction coefficient is smaller than 0.3, the normal contact stiffness comprises a linear decrease with the increment of kinetic friction coefficient. When the kinetic friction coefficient is bigger than 0.3, the normal contact stiffness has an exponential decrease with the increasing kinetic friction coefficient.     

Computer Simulation on Temperature Rise in Process of Wire Drawing

IntroductionTheuseofhighspeedinwire-drawingprocesstomeetthedemandsforincreasedPfOductivityhasagrCateffectontheheatgeneratedduetoplasticdeformationandfrictionbetweenthewireanddrawingtools.MostofmechanicalenergyconvertstoheatandresultsintemperatUrerisesofhundredsofdegrees.Therisetemperaturerisesgreatlyaffectionlubricationconditions,toollife,andproPotiesoffinialproduct.Energysavinginwire-drawingbecameanimportantissueinacompetitivemarket.Inordertoachieveminimumenergyconsumption,wecansetupamathe…     

随机疲劳长裂纹扩展率的新概率模型

为实现在全应力强度因子范围合理进行结构安全性分析,提出了概全门槛值和断裂韧度的随机疲劳长裂纹扩展率的新概率模型。考虑了平均应力效应,以给定应力强度因子下裂纹扩展率服从对数正态分布为基础,考虑数据分散性规律和试样数量对概率评价的影响,将存活概率和置信度相融合,由线性回归结合极大似然原理确定概率模型的参数。通过对铁道车辆LZ50车轴钢试验数据的分析表明,模型从数学上良好描述了疲劳长裂纹从裂纹启裂到瞬时断裂的整个随机过程,比较Paris、Elber和Forman模型拟合试验数据表明,该模型相关系数最大,拟合效果最好。     

箱筒型基础防波堤结构的沉降量分析

采用有限元软件PLAXIS来计算分析箱筒型基础防波堤结构的沉降变形,将箱筒型基础结构用线弹性模型模拟、地基深层土用摩尔-库仑模型模拟、表层和浅层软土用蠕变模型模拟,并考虑了结构和软土间的接触界面,沉降变形的计算结果与实测结果符合较好,表明利用PLAXIS软件采用这些模型计算的箱筒形基础结构的沉降变形结果是可靠的,计算分析表明,软土地基采用箱筒形基础能有效减少预留沉降量。     

合肥市市政道路交通工程设计标准简介

按照新标准实施的交通工程设施在规范出行以及整体统一性方面均取得了较好的效果。由于标准的制定需要一个过程,该标准及要求尚未正式成文,只是在图纸审查过程中形成了意见与建议,但其对于同类城市道路交通工程设计仍然具有一定的借鉴意义。     

合肥市市政道路交通工程设计标准简介

按照新标准实施的交通工程设施在规范出行以及整体统一性方面均取得了较好的效果。由于标准的制定需要一个过程,该标准及要求尚未正式成文,只是在图纸审查过程中形成了意见与建议,但其对于同类城市道路交通工程设计仍然具有一定的借鉴意义。     

广元嘉陵江双线特大桥吊杆张拉研究

以主跨为172 m的广元嘉陵江双线特大桥为研究对象,按照不同张拉顺序及张拉方法组合成4种方案,运用正装迭代法,分析不同方案在二期恒载施加及吊杆张拉至相应目标索力过程中吊杆、拱及梁的力学特性,比较各方案在张拉至设计目标索力的张拉效果。研究表明:二期恒载应在初张拉完成后施加,且二次张拉法中吊杆、拱及梁的内力变化幅度影响较小、张拉效果好。     

Prediction of Welding Deformation of Underframe

IntroductionWelding deformation is a common and impor-tant problem in industry.In the last decades re-searchers have made efforts to predict and controlwelding deformation.There are usually three waysto determine the welding deformation:1 experi-ential formulas.2 Thermal elastic- plastic FEMmethod.3 Inherent strain method based onFEM[1～ 3 ] .Experiential formulas are only fit for simpleshape structures.Current thermal elastic- plasticmethod usually simulated either small or simplestructur…     

Forging penetration efficiency of steel H13 stepped shaft radial forging with GFM forging machine

The numerical thermal mechanical simulation of radial forging process of steel H13 stepped shaft with GFM (Gesellschaft fur Fertigungstechnik und Maschinenbau) forging machine was carried out by three-dimensional finite element code DEFORM 3D. According to the effective plastic strain, the mean stress and the mean plastic strain distribution of the radial forging, the forging penetration efficiency (FPE) was studied throughout each operation. The results show that the effective plastic strain in the center of the forging is always greater than zero for the desirable larger axial drawing velocity. The mean stress in the center of the workpiece is proposed to describe hydrostatic pressure in this paper. There is compressive strain layer beneath the surface of the workpiece to be found, while there is tensile strain core in the center of the workpiece. These results could be a valuable reference for designing the similar forging operations.     

An Internal State Variable Model for the Low Temperature Tempering of Low Alloy Steels

QuanitativelyaccuratePredictionsofquenchinduceddistOnionandresidualstressrelyontheabilitytopredictthemicrosthectUralevolUtionthroughOutthequenchProcess.InlowaIloysteels,cUrrenresearchMshavefOcusedontheformationldneticsoffetrite,pearlite,bainiteandmartensite.However,temPeringcanhavealargeinfluenceondistOnionandresidualstrCss,andeffortstoaccountforthislagbehindthemodelingofthePrimnyphasetransihons.AsafirststeptowardsaccountingfortemPerillg,wehavedevelOpedanintemalstatevariablemodelthatuses…     

钢轨三维弹塑性滚动接触应力

用有限元法建立了钢轨三维弹塑性滚动接触计算模型，分析钢轨材料屈服强度对钢轨残余应力和应变的影响．模型中考虑了钢轨的几何形状和边界条件，通过在钢轨表面反复施加移动赫兹法向压力和切向力模拟车轮的反复滚动作用．结果表明：最大等效塑性应变和剪应变均发生在钢轨接触表面，此处易萌生裂纹；钢轨接触表面附近材料塑性变形流线趋势与现场观测到的裂纹方向一致；钢轨材料屈服强度越高，材料的累积塑性变形越小，钢轨的最大残余应力越接近于表面．     

三向应力下典型岩石破坏预警及峰后特性

为探讨岩石在三向应力下的变形、破坏规律及其峰后本构模型,对不同围压下石灰岩和砂岩进行了三 轴压缩全过程试验,分析了2种典型岩石的变形、破坏规律和峰前、峰后承载能力与变形之间的关系,在此基础 上建立了岩石的本构模型.研究结果表明:石灰岩在低围压下易于发生失稳破坏,在高围压下较难发生失稳破 坏,围压的增大对岩爆有一定抑制作用;同种岩石峰值应力时对应的环向应变不随围压的改变而改变,近似为一 定值,可以将其作为岩石破坏的一个预警指标;石灰岩的剪胀效应发生在破坏后,而砂岩在轴向应力达到其峰值 的70%左右时就开始出现剪胀;岩石峰后应力与其承载能力相等,由侧向变形控制,随侧向变形增大逐渐衰减 至残余强度;基于本构模型的计算结果与三轴压缩试验结果吻合较好.