Sensitivity analysis and optimisation of suspension bushing using Taguchi method and grey relational analysis

In this paper, a novel method is presented for investigating suspension bushing based on mechanical properties of the bushing, their effective directions, spring stiffness and damping coefficient of bushing. The vehicle vibration model and suspension geometry parameters are used to optimise the vehicle suspension based on multi-body dynamics simulation (ADAMS/CAR) initially. Several experiment tests based on ISO 4128 and ISO 7401 have been performed in one of main Iranian automaker (SAIPA) in order to verify the ADAMS/CAR model. The grey relational analysis based on using Taguchi L27 orthogonal array is used to obtain the optimum suspension. Then the bushing characteristics are optimised considering the indicated method. This method considers a combination of ride comfort and handling qualities of vehicle as objective functions simultaneously. The results of optimum suspension are compared with typical Renault Logan which declares the accuracy and efficiency of this method in optimising suspension bushing.     

悬架衬套安装方向优化设计

基于ADAMS和iSIGHT软件,提出了对悬架衬套安装方向进行优化设计的方法及流程.通过调整悬架衬套安装方向来改变悬架导向杆系的受力,从而使悬架弹性运动学特性满足特定要求.以某一轿车麦弗逊前悬架为例,通过优化前、后结果的对比分析可知,采用优化后的衬套安装方向,悬架弹性运动学特性参数得到改善,验证了 .该优化方法的有效性.     

道路清扫车工作平顺性分析与优化

利用ADMAS软件,建立了某道路清扫车的整车动力学模型。在利用离散梁原理建立等效板簧模型时,考虑到离散梁参数较难确定的特点,采用了参数反求的建模方法。以整车动力学模型为基础,分析了清扫车在工作时平顺性较差易导致的问题。同时,以清扫车工作时的平顺性改善为目标,对该车前悬架系统参数进行了优化,结果表明优化后清扫车工作时的平顺性得到了提高。     

多连杆悬架与双横臂悬架运动学和弹性运动学特性分析

改进了某轻型客货两用车双横臂式前悬架系统为多连杆悬架系统,运用多体动力学软件ADAMS/CAR建立了该双横臂与多连杆前悬架及转向系统的虚拟样机模型。采用轮跳方法、加载地面制动力和侧向力方法,对两种悬架系统进行了运动学与弹性运动学特性仿真对比分析。结果表明,多连杆悬架对车身的侧倾和纵倾、车轮定位及顺从转向效应等都比双横臂悬架具有较好的抑制作用,有利于提高汽车操纵稳定性。     

New model and simulation of Macpherson suspension system for ride control applications

The main purpose of this paper is to propose a new nonlinear model of the Macpherson strut suspension system for ride control applications. The model includes the vertical acceleration of the sprung mass and incorporates the suspension linkage kinematics. This two-degree-of-freedom (DOF) model not only provides a more accurate representation of the Macpherson suspension system for control applications in order to improve the ride quality, but also facilitates evaluation of the suspension kinematic parameters, such as camber, caster and king-pin angles as well as track alterations on the ride vibrations. The performances of the nonlinear and linearised models are investigated and compared with those of the conventional model. Besides, it is shown that the semi-active force improves the ride quality better than active force, while the opposite is true in terms of improving the performance of the kinematic parameters. The results of variations of the kinematic parameters based on the linear model subject to road disturbances are compared with those of a virtual prototype of Macpherson suspension in ADAMS software. The analytical results in both cases are shown to agree with each other.     

Accumulated tolerance analysis of suspension by geometric tolerances based on multibody elasto-kinematic analysis

Tolerance design of vehicle suspension is an important factor that affects the ride and handling quality and cost of the vehicle. Also, applying geometric tolerance to an analysis model is found to be a difficult process. This paper presents a method for tolerance analysis of wheel alignment of vehicle suspension. Monte-Carlo simulation method is applied to multibody elasto-kinematic model to analyze the accumulated geometric tolerances. As an example, Macpherson Strut Type front half car model is used, and wheel alignment dispersion and contribution ratio to the dispersion by accumulated geometric tolerances is computed. This paper also presents an efficient modeling and analysis method for elasto-kinematic model of vehicle suspensions by computing the stiffness matrix analytically. The simulation results of a Macpherson Strut Type demonstrates the validity and accuracy of the proposed method.     

ADAMS的微型车悬架优化设计

微型车悬架设计的好坏对车轮跳动时前轮前柬和轮距的变化有很大的影响。在ADAMS环境下建立了微型车的悬架刚－柔耦合模型,并在此基础上运用“主要目标法”对悬架进行了多目标优化设计,得到了悬架空间结构的几何形式。经过优化,前轮前束和轮距随车轮跳动时的变化范围大大减小,极大地改善了微型车行驶过程中的操作稳定性。     

基于ADAMS与Matlab的ABS模糊控制仿真研究

将多体系统动力学与智能控制理论相结合对汽车制动防抱死控制系统进行了研究，利用ADAMS／CAR建立了汽车整车的多体力学模型，模型包含了前后悬架、动力总成、转向系统、稳定杆、制动系、轮胎力学模型以及车身，同时也考虑了轮胎、衬套、弹簧、减震器等部件的非线性，准确地表达了车辆的动态特性；利用Matlab／Simulink模糊控制工具箱建立了制动防抱死控制系统的模糊控制策略，利用ADAMS／Control接口进行模型的集成、协同仿真，并将仿真结果与另一种控制策略一逻辑门限值控制的仿真结果进行了比较和分析，仿真反映出模糊控制在整车制动防抱死控制系统上的应用效果，结果表明该控制算法稳定好并具有较强的鲁棒性。     

Fault detection of vehicle suspension system using wavelet analysis

This paper presents a method based on continuous wavelet transform to detect the faults of vehicle suspension systems. The Morlet wavelet functions are employed to approach the natural frequencies of the system and the frequency components of the signal with relative maximum energy. To evaluate our method, we use a full vehicle dynamic model which has been simulated in ADAMS/CAR and validated by laboratory test results. The suspension faults have been considered due to the damage of shock absorbers (dampers) and upper damper bushings (UDBs) and assumed as the decrease in damping force and loose joints, respectively. In this paper, the incapability of the spectral analysis by using fast Fourier transform in analysis of the signals is revealed through applying the inputs that include transient characteristics and then wavelet transform employed to achieve more proper results. A swept frequency is applied as an input to the wheels that simulates the road irregularities. After detection of faulty sections of the system using signal energy distribution, the defects of damper and UDBs are distinguished from each other through observing the changes of natural frequencies and corresponding energy amplitudes.     

麦弗逊悬架减振器侧向力分析综述

麦弗逊悬架减振器侧向力对减振器寿命和悬架性能影响很大,系统分析减振器侧向力对麦弗逊悬架设计具有重要意义。减振器的侧向力取决于车辆运动时受到的地面的作用力和悬架的几何结构,本文综述了车辆行驶时车轮上下运动的侧向力、加速、减速、转弯时侧向力的分析,确定了麦弗逊悬架的几何结构对减振器侧向力的影响因素,并通过国内外最新产品的实例说明通过改变悬架的几何结构来减小减振器侧向力的具体方法和产生的效果。最后对减振器侧向力进行了总结,并对未来麦弗逊悬架的研发工作提出了一些建议。     

Robustness analysis of bogie suspension components Pareto optimised values

Bogie suspension system of high speed trains can significantly affect vehicle performance. Multiobjective optimisation problems are often formulated and solved to find the Pareto optimised values of the suspension components and improve cost efficiency in railway operations from different perspectives. Uncertainties in the design parameters of suspension system can negatively influence the dynamics behaviour of railway vehicles. In this regard, robustness analysis of a bogie dynamics response with respect to uncertainties in the suspension design parameters is considered. A one-car railway vehicle model with 50 degrees of freedom and wear/comfort Pareto optimised values of bogie suspension components is chosen for the analysis. Longitudinal and lateral primary stiffnesses, longitudinal and vertical secondary stiffnesses, as well as yaw damping are considered as five design parameters. The effects of parameter uncertainties on wear, ride comfort, track shift force, stability, and risk of derailment are studied by varying the design parameters around their respective Pareto optimised values according to a lognormal distribution with different coefficient of variations (COVs). The robustness analysis is carried out based on the maximum entropy concept. The multiplicative dimensional reduction method is utilised to simplify the calculation of fractional moments and improve the computational efficiency. The results showed that the dynamics response of the vehicle with wear/comfort Pareto optimised values of bogie suspension is robust against uncertainties in the design parameters and the probability of failure is small for parameter uncertainties with COV up to 0.1.     

基于ADAMS的双横臂独立悬架仿真分析及优化设计

以多体系统动力学的理论方法为基础,采用虚拟样机技术,借助于ADAMS软件这个操作平台,以某汽车为实际研究对象,建立了双横臂独立悬架模型,并进行了运动学仿真分析,评价了悬架数据的合理性。同时利用ADAMS／Insight选取了适当的硬点坐标作为优化变量,以各定位参数变化范围最小为优化目标,采用统一目标法将多目标函数转化为单目标函数并在ADAMS^iew中对车轮定位参数进行优化,进一步改善悬架系统的性能,以提高该车的操纵稳定性能。     

基于麦弗逊式悬架侧载弹簧的应用分析

综述了麦弗逊式悬架因结构原因造成的危害,并利用文献资料的试验数据分析比较了几种主要的弹簧改进解决方案,从而为麦弗逊式悬架的弹簧设计提供重要的参考价值。     

基于ADAMS／Insight的多连杆后悬架系统优化分析

在对某型轿车多连杆后悬架系统建立ADAMS多体动力学模型基础上,对该悬架系统进行了仿真分析,分析了轮跳对后轮定位参数的影响,并结合ADAMS／Insight模块对该悬架部分硬点的位置进行了DOE优化。优化结果表明,对该悬架系统所做的优化设计是正确有效的,改善了该悬架系统的运动特性。     

基于模糊控制的主动悬架联合仿真

在ADAMS软件中建立包含整车、人、随机路面等要素的仿真模型,使模型更接近实际。利用MATLAB软件建立控制系统,采用模糊控制的方法产生主动悬架的主动力,进行联合仿真。联合仿真的结果与实际情况相符,证明了主动悬架有助于减小汽车运行中悬架的垂直加速度,有利于提高乘坐舒适性。联合仿真的方法避免了复杂模型的动力学公式和传递函数推导,是开发车辆的一种有效的方法。     

基于ADAMS的某悬架系统运动特性分析及结构优化

根据多体动力学理论,运用ADAMS／car软件对某微型轿车悬架系统建立了模型并进行仿真分析;使用ADAMS／Insight以轮胎横向滑移量、主销偏距和四个车轮定位参数为设计目标对悬架的结构关键点进行了优化分析,使该悬架的运动学特性更符合理想设计值。     

An efficient recursive least square-based condition monitoring approach for a rail vehicle suspension system

A model-based condition monitoring strategy for the railway vehicle suspension is proposed in this paper. This approach is based on recursive least square (RLS) algorithm focusing on the deterministic ‘input–output’ model. RLS has Kalman filtering feature and is able to identify the unknown parameters from a noisy dynamic system by memorising the correlation properties of variables. The identification of suspension parameter is achieved by machine learning of the relationship between excitation and response in a vehicle dynamic system. A fault detection method for the vertical primary suspension is illustrated as an instance of this condition monitoring scheme. Simulation results from the rail vehicle dynamics software ‘ADTreS’ are utilised as ‘virtual measurements’ considering a trailer car of Italian ETR500 high-speed train. The field test data from an E464 locomotive are also employed to validate the feasibility of this strategy for the real application. Results of the parameter identification performed indicate that estimated suspension parameters are consistent or approximate with the reference values. These results provide the supporting evidence that this fault diagnosis technique is capable of paving the way for the future vehicle condition monitoring system.     

基于ADAMS/CAR二次开发模块研究汽车平顺性

以ADAMS／CAR二次开发模块为平台，建立了国产某小型客车虚拟样机的多体系统动力学仿真模型。按照国家有关整车平顺性的试验评价方法和标准，进行了整车平顺性脉冲输入和随机输入行驶仿真试验分析。对比实车测试结果，主要评价指标加权振级的最大仿真误差小于5％，即仿真结果具有较高的可信度，说明在车辆设计阶段，利用此二次开发模块可对其平顺性进行有效的分析和评估。     

基于正交试验的虚拟样车平顺性分析及参数选择

利用多体力学理论,在机械系统动力学分析软件ADAMS中建立了某车的整车多体力学模型。将虚拟样车在三维空间道路上进行平顺性仿真试验,通过正交试验方法研究了前、后悬架弹簧刚度及相关主要衬套等性能参数对汽车行驶平顺性的影响,并根据正交试验的结果优选了相应的设计参数。     

某中型4×2载货车方向盘自动偏转问题的分析与改进

针对某中型4×2载货车空车到装满货物后方向盘自动偏转的问题,文章从转向传动系统与前悬架系统运动协调性的角度进行分析,分别借助作图法和ADAMS软件对转向传动系统与前悬架系统之间运动干涉量进行计算分析,并提出具体的优化改进措施,解决整车加载过程中方向盘偏转的问题。