Segmental Bridges under Combined Torsion, Bending and Shear

Segmental bridges with unbonded prestressed tendons have some advantages, such as the weather independence and the corrosion protection of prestressing tendons. This paper analyzed the behavior of a prestressed segmental bridge with unbonded tendons under combined loading of torsion, bending and shear. According to the experiment research, a modified skew bending model was developed to calculate the bearing capacity of segmental bridges subjected to combined bending, shear and torsion. The finite element method was used to investigate the deflection behaviors of such structure, also to check the theoretical model. The theoretical and FEM research resuits were compared favorably with the test results from Technical University of Braunschweig, Germany. Finally, suggestion for the design and construction of segmental bridges with external prestressing was made.     

A Theoretical Model on Solvus Line Prediction of Film and Its Application in Nanogranular Al-Cu System

A theoretical model on the solvus line prediction of a film was proposed and applied to a nanogranular Al-Cu system. The calculation results show that the solvus line of solute Cu will markedly lower with the decrease of grain size, namely, the starting temperature of θ(Al_2Cu) precipitation in a nanogranular Al-Cu film will markedly lower than that of conventional coarse grain alloy with the same Cu concentration, and the precipitation temperatures calculated are comparable with the experimental ones. The theoretical model can be simply used to calculate the starting temperature of precipitation in Al-Cu films under three states: ① films with substrate; ② films without substrate; ③ ultrafine grain bulk alloy. As a result, the model is universal, moreover, can be, in principle, used to predict precipitation temperature in other systems.     

Aerodynamic characteristics of airship Zhiyuan-1

An airship named ＂Zhiyuan-l＂ was designed/fabricated/flied as a technical demonstration for stratospheric airship during 2007--2009 by Shanghai Jiaotong University. The calculation method and procedure of aerodynamic parameters were introduced, and the optimized configuration of the hull and the aerodynamic layout were given in this paper. Wind tunnel tests with different configurations, different pitch angles and different yaw angles were performed to study the wind load characteristics of the rigid model of the airship ＂Zhiyuan-1＂ in the φ3.2 m wind tunnel at China Aerodynamics Research ＆ Development Center. Also the numerical calculation about the test model was carried out to investigate the aerodynamic behavior. According to the results of wind test and numerical calculation, the excellent hull configuration of the airship ＂Zhiyuan-1＂ with lower drag characteristic was confirmed, which is based on optimism of the Michel transition law. And the phenomena of pressure coefficient distribution were discussed according to the results of wind tunnel test and numerical calculation at different flight attitudes.     

New unified failure model on evenly distributed reinforced concrete members with box section

It is urgently needed to describe the structural collapse process under extreme conditions to survive people.For reinforced concrete structures it is still a difficulty to describe the failure of reinforced concrete members under complex internal force combination,such as under axial forces,bending moment,shear forces, and torsion working together.In this paper,based on the traditional Nielsen model,a new unified failure model on reinforcement evenly distributed concrete members with box section under combined forces is introduced.The advantages of the proposed new model are to consider the dowel actions of reinforcements and reasonably to consider of the shear carrying capacity of concrete,especially when compression stress of concrete is in a high value.Finally,the theoretical results of the new model are compared with a series of experimental results of box section members.The comparison has verified that the new model is more accurate and feasible for the design and calculation of box section members.     

Experimental Study on Shear Lag Effect of Partial Cable-Stayed Bridge and Elasto-Plastic Seismic Analysis

The project of Xiaoxihu Yellow River Bridge in Lanzhou is chosen as partial cable-stayed bridge. To get the shear lag effect and anti-earthquake performance of the actual bridge under various loading conditions, organic glass scaled model was adopted to have an experiment and a theory research at one time. The experiment result is the basically same as the theory calculation which proves the FEA method can well calculate shear lag effect and dynamical performance. As a result, because the bridge is located in a seismic area of 8 degree, an elasto-plastic seismic checking is performed by customized FEA program in this paper.     

Wind turbine gearbox reliability analysis based on the system level stress-strength model

In order to estimate the reliability of wind turbine gearbox based on the system level, a generalized stress-strength model is introduced. Considering that the system works properly under a variety of random stresses which affect every component, the total stress on the system is given by a known linear combination of the stresses of all components. Then the strength of the system can be viewed as a linear combination of the strengths of relative components. In this model, stress and strength are independent of each other. Reliability of the system is the probability that strength exceeds stress. Finally, the reliability of wind turbine gearbox is estimated by the multivariable reliability calculation method. The corresponding result is compared with the results of reliability in the extreme cases(completely dependent and completely independent) by the traditional evaluation method.     

An Experimental Study on Bogie Frame of a High Speed Electrical Locomotive

For the dynamics of wheel/rail and car body, lightweighting of bogie frames is one of main concerns of designers. Lightweighting of the bogie frames may reduce the fatigue strength and life, especially in heavy haul and high-speed conditions. In this work, full-scale fatigue and fracture experiments are performed to meet the design requirements of bogie frame of a high-speed electrical locomotive. Multi-axial stress-states of some dangerous points are found both in service and numerical calculation. The Von-Mises equivalent stress criterion is used to evaluate the strength. Then crack initiation and propagation detected during the test are described. The reason why the crack growth rate may become slow in the weld structure of the bogie frame is explained using a residual stress concept. Miners accumulative damage rule and P-S-N curve are used to predict the life of the bogie frame under fatigue and fracture tests. The experimental approach and theoretical analysis give satisfactory results and design information.     

Dynamic Analysis of Micro-machined Diamagnetic Stable Permanent Magnet Levitation System

A novel micro-machined diamagnetic stable levitation system (MDSLS) which is composed of a free permanent magnetic rotor, a ring lifting permanent magnet and two diamagnetic stabilizers was presented. The static and dynamic stable characters of MDSLS were analyzed. The coupled non-linear differential equations were used to describe six-degree-of-freedom motion of the levitated rotor, and the equivalent surface current and combined diamagnetic image current method were utilized to model the interaction forces and torques between the lifting permanent magnet and rotor permanent magnet and also between the rotor permanent magnet and diamagnetic substrates. Because of difficulty to get analytical solution, the numerical calculation based on Runge-Kutta method was used to solve the dynamic model. The vibration frequencies were identified by fast Fourier transform (FFT) analysis. According to their resonance characteristics and parameters, the translational and angular dynamic stiffness were also calculated. The results show that the levitation of the rotor in MDSLS is stable, and the MDSLS is potential for the application in levitation inertial sensor.     

Coupled Vibration of Long-Span Railway Curved Girder Bridges and Vehicles

The structure of a long curved girder bridge is represented with a three-dimensional curved finite element model. Each 4-axle vehicle is modeled by a dynamic system of 35 degrees of freedom. The random irregularities of the track are generated from a power spectral density function under the given track condition. The dynamic interaction between the bridge and train is realized through the contact forces between the wheels and track. Then based on these models, the coupled equations of motion are solved by applying the time-integration and iteration techniques to the coupled system. The proposed formulation and the associated computer program are then applied to a real curved girder bridge. The dynamic responses of the bridge-vehicle system and the derailments and offload factors related to the riding and running safeties of vehicles are computed. The results show that the formulation presented in this paper can well predict dynamic behaviors of both bridge and train with reasonable computation efforts.     

连续刚构桥锚固区局部应力的研究

为便于箱梁腹板预应力筋及锚具的布置，结合虎跳门连续刚构桥的方案设计，对特征节段模型、子区域模型和试验模型锚下混凝土局部应力分别进行了理论分析、数值计算和试验研究．结果表明：较大的锚下混凝土应力仅限制在很小范围内；在按实桥设计的大吨位预加力作用下，没有导致混凝土主应力过大和失效；锚固区混凝土局部应力的实测值与计算值比较接近．     

大曲率小箱梁桥型研究

笔者对简支曲线小箱梁桥型的设计、理论计算、模型与实桥试验作了系列研究 ,并以曲线梁理论计算为依据进行弯矩拟合和扭矩拟合 ,为实际工程应用提供了一种具有足够精度的实用计算方法 .在实桥施工中摸索出一套适合我国国情的预制曲线小箱梁的施工工艺 .对这种桥型的研究将为先曲线简支再变成连续结构的分析奠定了基础     

吉林松原斜拉桥成桥静动载试验研究

介绍了吉林松原斜拉桥静动载试验的主要内容和方法,并结合理论计算,对该桥梁结构的实测应力、挠度及振动特性进行了对比分析。实验结果表明,该桥理论分析和设计计算方法可靠,施工质量优良,桥梁刚度和承载能力满足设计要求。     

考虑非对称摩阻影响的后张预应力锚固损失计算方法

为改进后张预应力混凝土梁直线、曲线混合布束的预应力锚固损失计算方法，提高预应力锚固损失的理论计算精度，对预应力钢束微段建立静力平衡方程; 利用不同钢束形状间的变形协调关系和应力连续条件，考虑设计中预应力钢束直线、曲线混合分布的实际影响参数与正、反摩阻损失差异，建立了针对预应力混合布束锚固损失求解的分段逼近理论，推导了预应力锚固损失精确计算公式，并编制了Python程序，实现了自动求解与简化计算; 通过现场足尺模型试验比较了精确公式与现行公路和铁路桥梁设计规范中预应力锚固损失理论算法的计算误差。研究结果表明:后张预应力直线、曲线混合布束锚固时反摩阻效应小于张拉时的正摩阻效应，且实际中反摩阻影响长度与现行桥梁设计规范算法有较大偏差; 采用提出的方法推算的反摩阻影响范围总体与中国铁路桥梁设计规范更为接近，在精度和离散度方面比现行公路与铁路桥梁设计规范分别高出16.7%和14.9%，且与模型试验数据的相关度更高，变异性更小; 在后张预应力混凝土结构相关研究中应考虑实际预应力直线、曲线混合布束线形与不对称正、反摩阻效应的影响，采用分段逼近法计算钢束预应力锚固损失; 在进行后张预应力混凝土结构设计时，从简化计算的角度考虑，建议采用现行铁路桥梁设计规范计算反摩阻效应。      

梁格体系简支梁桥静载试验应用研究

以沈阳市内某桥为例,介绍桥梁静载试验方案的选择和设计,将有限元引入桥梁检测的理论计算中,使实测结果和理论分析有机结合,可为同类桥梁的检测提供一定的参考和借鉴。     

四川省某大桥静载试验分析

为检验大桥的实际承载能力,对该桥进行静载试验。试验过程中,对各个加载工况所产生的挠度和应变进行测量,并将实测值与设计理论计算值进行对比,直接了解大桥在试验荷载作用下的实际工作状态和一些理论上难以计算部位的受力状态,以及一般性桥梁检查难以发现的隐蔽缺陷,判别桥梁结构的安全承载力和使用条件。     

静载试验在桥梁检测内力分析中的应用

以某大桥为研究对象,通过测定桥梁试验孔控制截面在试验静荷载作用下的应力,并与理论计算值比较,检验桥梁实际结构控制截面应力是否与设计要求相符。根据试验结果,该桥试验孔各测点实测应力与理论应力相比,校验系数均小于1．0。说明试验孔结构强度满足设计要求。     

贵州某悬索桥静载试验研究与结构性能评价

为检验既有大跨径悬索桥结构的静力性能,对主跨338m地锚式悬索桥进行静载试验,测试了结构的应变、挠度、吊索索力等值,并将实测值与有限元计算的理论值进行了对比分析。结果表明,结构的应变、挠度、吊索索力等测试结果与理论数据相符,索力校验系数均小于1.0,说明该桥的强度、刚度达到了设计的要求,静载试验的理论分析模型很好地反映了实际桥梁的受力特性。     

下承式钢管混凝土系杆拱桥拱肋力学分析

本文采用通用有限元软件建立拱桥结构模型，在尖湖钢管混凝土拱桥施工监控的基础上，对成桥阶段的拱肋进行受力分析计算，并与实际检测数据进行对比，相关性良好。比较结果表明，采用此模型可以基本上模拟钢管混凝土拱桥的实际受力状态，并可为施工监控提供理论支持。     

T型刚构桥静载试验的应用研究

本文以沈阳市内某T型刚构桥为例,介绍了此类桥型的静载试验方案的选择和设计,利用midas civil进行理论分析计算,将实测数据和理论计算数据有机的结合起来对静载试验结果进行评定,为同类桥型的检测提供一个有益的参考和借鉴。