燃料在线混合用电控喷油器PWM驱动方式的试验研究

利用混合燃料比例实时优化的燃料设计思想,提出了一种能够快速调节柴油-二甲醚混合比的在线混合方式,对该系统中的电控喷油器进行了PWM驱动方式试验和分析,试验表明,提高驱动电压可以提高该电控喷油器的响应速度,开启脉宽和PWM占空比决定了开启阶段和维持阶段电流的大小,并通过试验得到了适合该喷油器的理想驱动电流波形.应用该驱动...     

基于mc33pt2000的共轨燃油喷射系统电磁阀驱动电路与底层软件开发

针对高压共轨柴油机电控系统,以飞思卡尔32位芯片为微控制器,控制新型芯片mc33pt2000,开发驱动电路和驱动软件驱动喷油器和燃油计量单元电磁阀。相比于传统的控制芯片,mc33pt2000芯片通过编程控制可以灵活调节电磁阀驱动电流、驱动电压以及驱动电流各阶段的时间,控制精度高、调试周期短,提升了高压共轨燃油喷射系统开发的灵活性,便于后期对驱动电压和电流进行调试修改。通过设计的驱动电路测得不同升压电压下的喷油器电磁阀电流响应时间和能耗,并对其进行分析。     

压电堆执行器温度特性研究

在压电堆执行器生热和散热机理分析基础上,建立高压共轨喷油器压电堆执行器温度特性的计算模型,经与试验结果对比,验证了模型的准确性.研究了驱动场强、驱动频率和驱动脉宽增加的苛刻工作条件下不同影响因素对压电堆执行器的生热特性的影响,并研究了压电堆执行器结构和喷油器冷却结构对散热特性的影响.     

电装公司的压电式喷油器和压电执行器

与传统的电磁阀式喷油器相比,压电式共轨喷油系统中的压电式喷油器借助于压电元件所产生的力更大,且执行器具备高速响应特性。因而,单位时间内的喷油量更大,燃油喷雾雾化性能更佳,并且可以设定更短的喷油间隔。介绍日本电装公司的共轨喷油系统和压电式喷油器的结构、压电执行器的驱动方式,以及压电材料及压电元件结构等内容。     

一种电流可自校正的高压共轨喷油器驱动方法

为解决喷油器驱动回路阻抗变化导致驱动电流控制精度下降的问题,提出了一种驱动电流可自校正的喷油器驱动方法。首先定义一组驱动电流的特征值来描述驱动电流的物理形态,然后在每个驱动周期中高速采样驱动电流各阶段的峰值和谷值,最后依据实际值和控制值之间的偏差,通过模糊控制规则在线调节特征值实现驱动电流自校正。试验结果表明,该方法可以自动校正驱动电流各阶段的电流值,保持各缸喷油器驱动电流的一致,同时抑制电磁阀老化对驱动电流产生的不利影响,进而延缓喷油特性的恶化并延长电磁阀的使用寿命。     

压电喷油器动态响应特性试验研究

针对自主设计研制的压电喷油器,利用喷油规律测试仪,试验研究了压电喷油器的喷油规律,并分析了喷油器在不同轨压和控制脉宽下的动态响应特性和喷射能力.结果表明:在不同轨压和控制脉宽下喷油器进行喷射时,喷油持续期较为稳定;当轨压从120 M Pa增加到160 M Pa时,喷油开启响应延迟仅增加了约14.5％;当控制脉宽从1.0ms增加到2.5ms时,喷油关闭响应延迟减小了约14.9％;喷油器进行多次喷射时,主预喷标准差分别仅为0.4和0.3左右.     

GDI喷油器特性研究

直喷汽油机高压喷油器,由于喷射压力高,雾化效果好,燃烧充分,有利于降低油耗。本文探讨了高压喷油器主要结构及其设计对喷射特性的影响。研究了喷油器动、静态流量特性,同时还分析了喷射特性曲线线性范围;采用非固定衔铁的针阀结构,避免针阀反弹,电子控制单元ECU更加精确地控制发动机所需喷油量,并对阶梯喷孔特殊结构对防积碳的作用进行了研究。     

基于MC33816芯片的共轨喷油器驱动单元的设计

根据共轨喷油器的驱动要求,设计了基于智能电磁阀驱动芯片MC33816的智能电控共轨喷油器驱动单元,开发了相应的软件控制策略。该单元包括DC-DC升压模块、高低边驱动模块和电流波形反馈控制模块,实现了PeakHold驱动方式。试验表明,该智能驱动电路性能优异、响应迅速、运行可靠,达到了精确控制喷油量和喷油定时的目的。     

低功耗高低端控制的电控喷油器驱动电路设计

根据电控喷油器电磁阀驱动的技术要求及特点,设计了基于单片机XC2765的低功耗高低端控制的电控喷油器驱动电路模块。采用电路设计的高低端控制和DA输出高低电平控制技术对电磁阀线圈电流和喷油器的喷油效果进行了试验与研究,试验中该模块实现了驱动电流的提升(15A)和保持(6A)功能,缩短了电磁阀的开启时间(0.20ms)与关闭时间(0.35ms),满足了电磁阀驱动电路的要求。     

基于试验数据的高速电磁阀建模及动态响应特性分析

高速电磁阀的响应特性对高压共轨喷油器的喷油特性具有决定性影响。为了更合理和准确地预测高速电磁阀的电磁特性,基于高速电磁阀理论分析,进行了大量不同驱动电流强度和气隙情况下的电磁力试验,采用多项式拟合的方法,对试验数据进行拟合,结合高速电磁阀的工作原理,应用Amesim软件建立高速电磁阀一维仿真模型,并研究分析了驱动电流、阀芯弹簧预紧力和刚度对高速电磁阀动态响应特性的影响。研究结果表明：所采用的基于试验数据的高速电磁阀建模方式为其动态响应特性的研究提供了一个新思路,它能快速、准确得到高速电磁阀各参数对其响应特性的影响。     

Influence of injection parameters on the transition from PCCI combustion to diffusion combustion in a small-bore HSDI diesel engine

In this paper, the influence of injection parameters on the transition from Premixed Charge Combustion Ignition (PCCI) combustion to conventional diesel combustion was investigated in an optically accessible High-Speed Direct-Injection (HSDI) diesel engine using multiple injection strategies. The heat release characteristics were analyzed using incylinder pressure for different operating conditions. The whole cycle combustion process was visualized with a high-speed video camera by simultaneously capturing the natural flame luminosity from both the bottom of the optical piston and the side window, showing the three dimensional combustion structure within the combustion chamber. Eight operating conditions were selected to address the influences of injection pressure, injection timing, and fuel quantity of the first injection on the development of second injection combustion. For some cases with early first injection timing and a small fuel quantity, no liquid fuel is found when luminous flame points appear, which shows that premixed combustion occurs for these cases. However, with the increase of first injection fuel quantity and retardation of the first injection timing, the combustion mode transitions from PCCI combustion to diffusion flame combustion, with liquid fuel being injected into the hot flame. The observed combustion phenomena are mainly determined by the ambient temperature and pressure at the start of the second injection event. The start-of-injection ambient conditions are greatly influenced by the first injection timing, fuel quantity, and injection pressure. Small fuel quantity and early injection timing of the first injection event and high injection pressure are preferable for low sooting combustion.     

启喷压力对电控单体泵供油系统喷油量的影响机理

以电控单体泵燃油系统为研究对象,研究了启喷压力对循环喷油量的影响。通过计算各工况下循环喷油量随启喷压力变化的百分比,研究了各工况循环喷油量随启喷压力变化的敏感程度,在此基础上进行了启喷压力对循环喷油量影响的机理分析。结果表明:循环喷油量随启喷压力的增加呈减小趋势,随着转速的增加,启喷压力对循环喷油量的影响程度越来越小;在各确定转速下,随着喷油脉宽的增加,循环喷油量对启喷压力变化的敏感程度越来越低;低速时启喷压力主要通过影响喷油器针阀开启关闭的运动过程而影响循环喷油量,中高速时启喷压力主要通过影响有效喷油脉宽而影响循环喷油量。     

Experimental investigation of characteristics of pressure modulation in a fuel injection system

A piezoelectric atomization device achieves fuel pressure modulation through vibration of a piezoelectric pressure modulator. As a consequence, the fast alternating and slow moving streams collide with each other and further break up the fuel drop. In this paper, an experimental investigation was carried out to study the fluid dynamic characteristics of the spray atomization process of automotive port fuel injectors with a piezoelectric pressure modulator. The investigation mainly focuses on: (a) the coupling characteristics between the piezoelectric stack and the hydraulic as well as the transfer characteristics of pressure modulation from the piezoelectric modulator to the point above the orifice; (b) the time history of the pressure dynamic response at the point above the orifice under a typical modulation frequency, which reflects the variation of pressure modulation while the fuel injector is working; and (c) the time-variation characteristics related to mechanical structure and fluid dynamics. The experimental results expose some important dynamic characteristics of pressure modulation, which will be very significant and lead us to greatly improve the fuel injection system, optimize the control parameters and implement spray atomization with a high quality performance in the near future.     

醇醚燃料发动机非常规污染物排放特性研究

在1台经过改装的单缸柴油机上,采用气相色谱和FT-IR红外光谱检测技术,开展了进气道喷射DME和甲醇双燃料HCCI燃烧方式,以及进气道喷射DME、缸内直喷甲醇双燃料复合燃烧方式下,非常规污染物排放特性的试验研究。结果表明,在不同的燃烧方式下均检测到甲醛、乙醛、甲酸、甲酸甲酯等非常规排放物,且甲醛是非常规排放物中的主要成分。DME—甲醇HCCI燃烧方式下,在同一负荷下随着甲醇喷射量的增加,甲醛、乙醛、甲酸甲酯的排放都有所增加;在同一甲醇浓度下随着发动机负荷的增加,甲醛的排放增加,乙醛的排放减少,甲酸甲酯的排放先减少后增加。复合式燃烧方式下,甲醛的排放随着有效功率的增大呈先降低后升高的趋势;甲酸甲酯和甲酸的排放均随着有效功率的增加而减少,随着DME喷射比例的增加而增加。DME—甲醇HCCI燃烧方式下,甲醇排放量增加十分明显。     

转子发动机喷雾特性试验研究

利用定容弹、纹影仪以及高速相机等装置,就柴油转子发动机工况下的喷雾过程进行了试验研究,重点分析了喷雾环境背压和喷射压力对喷雾特性的影响。结果表明:在转子发动机喷雾过程中,喷雾扩散速度先快速增大后逐渐减小;喷雾锥角在初次雾化阶段内急剧减小,然后在二次雾化作用下保持相对稳定。喷雾环境背压的增大,有效减小了喷雾贯穿距离,增大了喷雾锥角,说明喷雾环境背压的增大对喷雾贯穿距离和锥角都有显著的影响,从而为转子发动机喷油正时的优化提供了试验数据支持;随着喷射压力提高,喷雾贯穿距离和喷雾锥角都增大,并且增大喷射压力加强了燃油的初次雾化和二次雾化,有利于提高转子发动机喷雾质量,为优化柴油转子发动机油气混合状态创造了条件。     

Comparison of two injection systems in an HSDI diesel engine using split injection and different injector nozzles

The demand for reduced pollutant emissions has motivated various technological advances in passenger car diesel engines. This paper presents a study comparing two fuel injection systems and analyzing their combustion noise and pollutant emissions. The abilities of different injection strategies to meet strict regulations were evaluated. The difficult task of maintaining a constant specific fuel consumption while trying to reduce pollutant emissions was the aim of this study. The engine being tested was a 0.287-liter single-cylinder engine equipped with a common-rail injection system. A solenoid and a piezoelectric injector were tested in the engine. The engine was operated under low load conditions using two injection events, high EGR rates, no swirl, three injection pressures and eight different dwell times. Four injector nozzles with approximately the same fuel injection rate were tested using the solenoid injection system (10 and 12 orifice configuration) and piezoelectric system (6 and 12 orifice design). The injection system had a significant influence on pollutant emissions and combustion noise. The piezoelectric injector presented the best characteristics for future studies since it allows for shorter injection durations and greater precision, which means smaller fuel mass deliveries with faster responses.     

共轨喷油器在车喷油量控制自学习方法

为了精确控制喷油器老化后的在车喷油量,分析了共轨喷油器老化试验前后的小油量喷射特性,提出了小油量自学习修正的方法。当发动机处于倒拖工况时,在不同的轨压下,通过主动小脉宽喷射测得特定缸角加速度与其他几缸角加速度平均值的比值,研究得到发动机小油量燃烧后角加速度变化规律,并据此设计喷油量控制自学习算法。实车试验与台架试验表明,在无需增加额外传感器的情况下,小油量自学习修正算法能精确控制老化喷油器的小油量,明显改善老化喷油器小油量喷射的一致性和稳定性,满足发动机在全寿命期间的性能要求。     

低压油路供油压力对单体泵喷油压力的影响

为了研究不同供油压力下单体泵的建压过程及单体泵性能呈现出的变化规律,在电控单体泵试验台上进行了油泵台架试验,获得了高转速工况下不同供油压力的单体泵油压特性曲线。分析了供油压力与单体泵喷油压力之间的关系,并研究了电控单体泵空转时供油压力对单体泵性能的影响。结果表明:高转速时,供油压力低,油压建立过程存在无规律波动;高转速时,一定范围内,供油压力越大,油压上升时刻越早;不同转速对应着不同的临界充油压力,当供油压力大于等于临界压力时,单体泵才能够稳定而有规律地建压;相同工况下,一定范围内,供油压力越大,单体泵喷油量越大。     

一种新型共轨喷油器仿真研究

针对发动机对"先缓后急"喷油规律的需求,研究了一种双控制腔进油量孔的新型共轨喷油器。基于AMESim平台建立了喷油器模型,并应用EFS测试数据进行了模型校准。结果表明:与常规共轨喷油器相比,新型共轨喷油器针阀关闭速度提高了2倍,控制腔进油量孔流通面积减少了50%以上,更容易得到"先缓后急"的靴形喷油规律;减小控制腔容积可以提高喷油响应速度,增加滑阀弹簧预紧力可以提高滑阀恢复速度,以上措施能够提高新型喷油器的多次喷射能力,满足不同发动机性能需求;受滑阀副油道的作用,新型共轨喷油器在单结构参数、单次喷射条件下,喷油一致性受加工误差影响系数降低。