地铁车辆架大修模式分析

地铁车辆是地铁系统的核心组成部分,其安全性和可靠性对城市交通有重要影响。然而,随着地铁运营时间的增长,车辆架的磨损、老化等问题成为地铁运营中的主要挑战。为保证地铁车辆的正常运行和乘客的出行安全,从地铁车辆架大修的作用、地铁车辆架大修流程、地铁车辆架大修模式、影响地铁车辆架大修模式的因素、地铁车辆架大修模式优化建议等方面对地铁车辆架大修模式进行分析,希望能够为地铁运营公司提供参考,提升地铁车辆架大修工作的效率和质量,保证地铁系统的安全、可靠运行,为城市交通发展提供保障。     

寒区BRT车道路面病害及防治措施研究

寒区城市道路交叉口、常规公交站台区域和BRT站台区域由于公交车辆频繁的制动、启动,造成路面发生车辙,以及由于寒季温度下降产生后续的沉陷等病害愈加严重。严重降低了BRT车辆的服务水平。本文首先对BRT车道常见的病害类型及寒冷地区温度进行调查,然后分析车辆荷载和温度共同作用下的病害产生原因以及路面的破坏机理,最后结合兰州市BRT道路现状有针对性地提出了BRT路面结构组合与材料,推荐了三种路面结构类型。结论表明:BRT路面的病害主要分为:沉陷、车辙、推移、开裂、松散和坑槽等,寒区BRT路面的病害主要受到水热力三者的相互作用而产生。     

北京快速公交实施效果及关键因素研究

本文总结了北京BRT线路的实施效果,重点分析了建设和运营过程中存在的问题,对于影响BRT系统整体功能发挥的关键影响因素从路权、线路整合、换乘、智能系统等方面进行了深入探讨。     

常州市快速公交系统

项目针对快速公交的线路与道路规划、BRT系统整体设计、工程建设实施、运营组织与管理等,形成了由一、二号线及环线组成的"十字加环"的快速公交骨架网络系统。该系统主要特点:采用了非物理隔离的公交专用道、中央侧式站台以及安全屏蔽门;采用了低能耗、低排放、技术先进的大容量车辆;优化了线路走向、交通信号配时,形成了支线与干线组合的运营模式;开发了具有GPS、通讯、电子站牌、信息服务等功能齐全的快速公交智能化系统;实现了站台售票及同台同向免费换乘。     

基于灰色关联法的厦门高架BRT系统服务水平分析

从乘客出行角度,以快捷性、可靠性、方便性、经济性、安全性、舒适性等指标为准则,构建了快速公交系统服务水平的评价指标体系,应用层次分析法和灰色关联分析法对厦门高架BRT系统服务水平进行评价,并根据厦门BRT系统的实际运营情况,从服务水平角度提出改进措施。     

中通BRT客车中标济南

10月14日,济南市BRT公交车招标结果正式出炉。总共15辆18米BRT客车全部被中通客车纳入囊中。此次济南BRT招标会中.国内七家已有BRT客车的主流企业全部接到了济南公交部门的邀请,有六家企业参加了投标。参加招标的中通客车,对济南的BRT项目建设跟踪了1年多,并专门针对济南市场量身定做了18米BRT样车。该样车长18米,宽2.54米,内设43座,可容纳175人,最高车速可达80KM/H,国Ⅲ排放,车头采用子弹头造型,车身呈现流线型,外观大方,车内宽敞,性能稳定。     

济南BRT：曲折后的飞跃

快速公交系统（BusRapid Transit）通常被人称作“地面上的地铁系统”，具有快速、准点以及大运量的特征。自2004年第一条BRT线路开通以来，全国各大城市的BRT建设可谓如火如荼。然而BRT线路开通后，各地的运营情况却不尽相同，有的效果显著发展迅速，而多数是经营不顺推行受阻。2008年济南开通第一条BRT线路，与许多城市类似，济南BRT在开通初期也迎来“骂声一片”。     

快速公交系统实施绩效的评估研究

快速公交系统(Bus Rapid Transit,简称BRT)是落实"公交优先"发展战略的重要措施,我国已在21个城市开通运营。BRT作为政府财政投入的公共交通事业项目,需要建立绩效评价、比较和相应的政策反馈机制,以更好地实现对"公交优先"战略中公共财政投入效果的评价和监管。本文从硬件设施水平、公交服务质量、企业经营效益、城市持续发展四个层面,构建了快速公交系统实施绩效的评价指标体系,用于对BRT运营绩效评价,做到及时追踪和动态监控,及时反馈与纠错,以保障BRT项目实施的公共利益。     

轨道交通车辆基地污、废水资源化利用研究

为保护环境,响应节能减排的号召,城市轨道交通车辆基地污、废水的资源化利用正逐渐受到重视。以国内轨道交通车辆基地生活污水、生产废水处理工艺为研究对象,通过调研分析车辆基地污废水水量水质、处理工艺和运营模式等,提出了车辆基地污废水系统资源化利用的对策及建议,可供同类工程参考。     

发展快速公交系统(BRT)

通过对BRT系统的详细介绍,阐述发展BRT系统是实现城市可持续发展的重要举措,并针对我国国情,提出了发展我国BRT系统的对策。     

Bus rapid transit systems: a comparative assessment

There is renewed interest in many developing and developed countries in finding ways of providing efficient and effective public transport that does not come with a high price tag. An increasing number of nations are asking the question—what type of public transport system can deliver value for money? Although light rail has often been promoted as a popular ‘solution’, there has been progressively emerging an attractive alternative in the form of bus rapid transit (BRT). BRT is a system operating on its own right-of-way either as a full BRT with high quality interchanges, integrated smart card fare payment and efficient throughput of passengers alighting and boarding at bus stations; or as a system with some amount of dedicated right-of-way (light BRT) and lesser integration of service and fares. The notion that buses essentially operate in a constrained service environment under a mixed traffic regime and that trains have privileged dedicated right-of-way, is no longer the only sustainable and valid proposition. This paper evaluates the status of 44 BRT systems in operation throughout the world as a way of identifying the capability of moving substantial numbers of passengers, using infrastructure whose costs overall and per kilometre are extremely attractive. When ongoing lifecycle costs (operations and maintenance) are taken into account, the costs of providing high capacity integrated BRT systems are an attractive option in many contexts.     

Policy Simulation for New BRT and Area Pricing Alternatives Using an Opinion Survey in Jakarta

Abstract

An area pricing scheme for Jakarta, Indonesia, is currently under review as a transportation control measure along with the operation of new bus rapid transit (BRT) system. While this scheme may be effective for congestion reduction in the central business district (CBD), provision of alternative means of transportation for auto users that are ‘pushed-out’ is of great importance to obtain public acceptance. Hence, it is necessary to simulate simultaneously the area pricing scheme and the BRT development which may serve as an alternative for assumed ‘pushed-out’ auto users. Utilizing data from an opinion survey, this paper studies how BRT and auto ridership are likely to vary as a function of traveler and system attributes. Additionally, the study attempts to evaluate the way this new travel mode is distinguished from other existing conventional transportation alternatives in Jakarta. The survey data contains socioeconomic information of over 1000 respondents as well as details of to-work/school trips to the CBD including mode, travel cost, time, etc. Respondents were asked about their willingness to shift from their current mode to BRT to make the same travel for different BRT fare levels. Modeling efforts suggest that a mixed logit model performs better in explaining choice behavior. Therefore, this model was used for policy simulation. The simulation results brought about many implications as to the tested policies. While the developed models may be applied only to future BRT corridors in which the survey was conducted, they capture the key variables that are significant in explaining mode choice behavior and present great potential for practical use in policy simulation and analysis in a large metropolitan area of the developing world.     

The perception of Bus Rapid Transit: a passenger survey from Beijing Southern Axis BRT Line 1

Bus Rapid Transit (BRT) has emerged as a cost-effective transport system for urban mobility. As a relatively new form of Mass Transit, its ability to provide a high-quality transport service and potential to stimulate land development remain largely unexplored. This study intends to investigate the public attitude towards BRT services, as well as respondents’ perception of living near BRT stations, using the Beijing Southern Axis BRT system as a case study. A data-set of responses to 525 questionnaires were assembled and analysed using a combination of statistical techniques. The results show that BRT has gained great popularity among passengers, and brought about a positive impact on the attractiveness of residential property. The data identify that the majority of passengers are work-related commuters and use BRT more than once a day. The captive users have a higher satisfaction than choice users with respect to reliability, comfort & cleanliness and overall satisfaction with the BRT service. It is argued that the BRT has significantly improved the attractiveness of residential property along the BRT corridor.     

Value of accessibility to Bogotá's bus rapid transit system

With several successful cases world‐wide, bus rapid transit (BRT) has reemerged as a cost‐effective transportation alternative for urban mobility. Despite the resurgence of BRT, there is a world‐wide paucity of research examining its ability to spur and development. By estimating spatial hedonic price functions, the paper determines the extent to which access to BRT stations in Bogotá, Colombia, currently are capitalized into land values. Results suggest that for every 5 min of additional walking time to a BRT station, the rental price of a property decreases by between 6.8 and 9.3%, after controlling for structural characteristics, neighbourhood attributes and proximity to the BRT corridor. Evaluated at the average walking time to a BRT station, this effect translates into an elasticity of between ??0.16 and ??0.22. Although these estimates cannot be attributable directly to the presence of the BRT system because a cross‐sectional design is used, they suggest that the land market in Bogotá values access to BRT station locations.     

快速公交系统站台停靠时间模型研究

快速公交系统停靠站台停车延误是影响快速公交运行车速的关键因素之一,因此构建快速公交系统站台停靠时间模型是提升快速公交服务水平的基础理论研究。本文选取盐城BRT-1号线的起始站、中途站、客流离散站等三类站点为研究对象,综合运用数理统计法与数据挖掘法,构建快速公交系统站台停靠时间模型,并对该模型的合理性进行了检验。研究表明:盐城市BRT-1号线三类站台的快速公交车辆停靠时间与上下车乘客人数呈线性关系,即快速公交车辆停靠时间与上下车乘客人数的检验参数R2均大于0.8。     

A Modeling Framework for Bus Rapid Transit Operations Evaluation and Service Planning

Abstract

In this paper, we present a dynamic traffic assignment-simulation modeling framework (DYNASMART-P) to support the evaluation and planning of Bus Rapid Transit (BRT) services in urban transportation networks. The model represents the different characteristics associated with BRT operations such as: exclusive right-of-way lanes, limited-stop service, signal prioritization at congested intersections, and enhanced bus stops to reduce passenger boarding times. A set of simulation experiments is conducted using the model to study the impact of introducing a hypothetical BRT service in the Knoxville area in the State of Tennessee. In these experiments, the different operational characteristics of BRT are evaluated in terms of potential impact on transit ridership and on the interacting auto traffic. The results illustrate the advantages of BRT for increasing transit ridership and improving overall system performance.     

Optimization of headways with stop‐skipping control: a case study of bus rapid transit system

Bus rapid transit system is designed to provide high‐quality and cost‐efficient passenger transportation services. In order to achieve this design objective, effective scheduling strategies are required. This research aims at improving the operation efficiency and service quality of a BRT system through integrated optimization of its service headways and stop‐skipping strategy. Based on cost analysis for both passengers and operation agencies, an optimization model is established. A genetic algorithms based algorithm and an application‐oriented solution method are developed. Beijing BRT Line 2 has been chosen as a case study, and the effectiveness of the optimal headways with stop‐skipping services under different demand levels has been analyzed. The results has shown that, at a certain demand level, the proposed operating strategy can be most advantageous for passengers with an accepted increase of operating costs, under which the optimum headway is between 3.5 and 5.5 min for stop‐skipping services during the morning peak hour depending on the demand with the provision of stop‐skipping services. The effectiveness of the optimal headways with stop‐skipping services is compared with those of existing headways and optimal headways without stop‐skipping services. The results show that operating strategies under the optimal headways with stop‐skipping services outperforms the other two operating strategies with respect to total costs and in‐vehicle time for passengers. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Ridership drivers of bus rapid transit systems

We have collected information on 46 bus rapid transit (BRT) systems throughout the world to investigate the potential patronage drivers. From a large number of candidate explanatory variables (quantitative and qualitative), 11 sources of systematic variation are identified which have a statistically significant impact on daily passenger-trip numbers. These sources are fare, headway, the length of the BRT network, the number of corridors, average distance between stations; whether there is: an integrated network of routes and corridors, modal integration at BRT stations, pre-board fare collection and fare verification, quality control oversight from an independent agency, at-level boarding and alighting, as well as the location of BRT. The findings of this paper offer important insights into features of BRT systems that are positive contributors to growing patronage and hence should be taken into account in designing and planning BRT systems.     

屏蔽门对地铁车站环境的影响

针对地铁车站是否安装全封闭屏蔽门的站内环境，根据舒适度理论对车站实测结果进行了分析，提出了屏蔽门对站内环境舒适度不利的观点，建议客观、合理地认识地铁屏蔽门系统。     

Investigations of interactions between bus rapid transit and general traffic flows

Bus rapid transit (BRT) is a popular strategy to increase transit attraction because of its high‐capacity, comfortable service, and fast travel speed with the exclusive right‐of‐way. Various engineering designs of right‐of‐way and the violation enforcement influence interactions between BRT and general traffic flows. An empirical assessment framework is proposed to investigate traffic congestion and lane‐changing patterns at one typical bottleneck along a BRT corridor. The BRT bottleneck consists of bus lane, BRT station, video enforcement zone, and transit signal priority intersection. We analyze oblique cumulative vehicle counts and oblique cumulative lane‐changing maneuvers extracted from videos. The cumulative vehicle counts method widely applied in revealing queueing dynamics at freeway bottlenecks is extended to an urban BRT corridor. In the study site, we assume four lane‐changing patterns, three of which are verified by the empirical measurements. Investigations of interactions between buses and general traffic show that abnormal behaviors (such as lane violations and slow moving of the general traffic) induce 16% reduction in the saturation rate of general traffic and 17% increase in bus travel time. Further observations show that the BRT station and its induced increasing lane‐changing maneuvers increase the downstream queue discharge flows of general traffic. The empirical results also contribute to more efficient strategies of BRT planning and operations, such as alternative enforcement methods, various lane separation types, and optimized traffic operations. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.