漳州港1#、2#泊位码头区岩土工程地质勘察

介绍漳州港1#、2#泊位码头区岩土工程地质勘察所采用的方法、勘察中采取的措施以及岩土层分布特征。     

东南亚某地的珊瑚类土

简要介绍了南亚某地的珊瑚类土这一不常见的特殊岩土类型的一般性质。     

一种基于Civil 3D平台的三维地质建模改进方法

Civil 3D作为一个面向勘察岩土行业BIM设计及应用的技术方案,已成为实现三维地质建模的常用技术软件。针对Civil 3D在三维地质建模中实现钻孔数据可视化的问题,进行克里金(Kriging)插值算法及优势的研究,采用"点-面-体"三维地质模型的构建思路,提出采用纵断面插点和Kriging插值对地质层钻孔数据进行内插填补,得到一种改进的地质层三维模型。结果表明,经Kriging插值处理的地质层曲面较为光滑,所创建的地质岩土体可更精确直观地表达地质层发育和分布情况,研究成果对于勘察岩土单位开展BIM工作具有借鉴意义。     

吹填珊瑚砂地基软弱夹层特性

新近吹填珊瑚砂地基在施工过程中形成的软弱夹层分布范围广、厚度随机、无明显规律、工程性质差,给工程建设带来极大的难度和挑战。通过室内试验对珊瑚砂地基中软弱夹层特性进行分析研究。结果表明:软弱夹层主要以粉土为主,具有较高的塑限;抗剪强度指标比一般天然粉砂-粉土的抗剪强度指标高;土中细颗粒(0. 075 mm)含量越大,土的最佳含水率越大、最大干密度越小。     

流-固耦合坝体渗透率的演变机理

假设坝体岩土为双孔隙度介质，分析了坝体在流体孔隙压力变化和地应力的耦合作用下力学性能的变化和渗透性的演变规律。通过研究流体在岩土层内流动的规律、岩体变形以及力学强度的变化情况，为坝体稳定性与安全性提供参考。建立了基于流体运动、岩体骨架变形以及渗透率变化的数学模型，并根据模型分析地压与渗透率（孔隙度） 变化的规律,为解决工程中的坝体稳定性问题提供理论参考。     

苏丹珊瑚礁灰岩地区地质勘察总结

描述珊瑚灰岩地区的地貌特征、地层分布规律,分析珊瑚礁灰岩的工程特性,并论述在珊瑚礁灰岩地区的钻探工艺,对苏丹红海沿岸珊瑚礁灰岩地区的工程地质特征及几年来的勘察工作进行了总结.     

瞬变电磁法在九江某码头工程勘探中的应用

本文针对九江某码头工程所处灰岩区,存在基岩面起伏及变化、隐伏岩溶发育的岩土工程问题,采用瞬变电磁法勘察技术,得到更真实可靠的岩土层分布情况及岩溶发育特征等成果,为该码头工程建设奠定良好基础,可供同类工程借鉴。     

珊瑚礁岩土地区打入式钢管桩沉桩规律

针对珊瑚礁岩土复杂工程特性所带来的钢管桩沉桩收锤标准难确定、沉桩施工高程难统一等难题,研究了珊瑚礁岩土地区钢管桩沉桩规律。采用统计分析方法对钢管桩在珊瑚礁岩土中的终锤贯入度、沉桩锤击总数以及入土深度进行对比。结合现场试验测试和可打性分析,指出打入式钢管桩易穿透珊瑚礁岩土、所需锤击总数偏少的主要原因是受珊瑚礁岩土软硬分布和土颗粒破碎影响。研究结果表明:钢管桩可以穿透高标贯击数(100击以上)的珊瑚礁岩土;常规的工程设计施工经验直接应用于珊瑚礁岩土容易造成较大的偏差,应通过现场载荷试验校核。     

钙质砂渗透性能研究现状及展望

我国南海岛礁大多为珊瑚岛礁,礁体上层通常为珊瑚碎块、砾石和珊瑚砂,是一种富含碳酸钙或其它难溶碳酸盐类物质的特殊岩土介质,称为钙质砂。钙质砂的工程特性与陆源砂有很大差异,研究其特殊的工程地质特性,对南海岛礁开发建设具有重要意义。钙质砂的渗透特性是其重要的力学性质指标,影响工程地基稳定和地下淡水形成,但目前对渗透特性的研究还较少。文章介绍了多孔介质渗流理论,综述了钙质砂的渗透特性研究现状,并通过室内常水头渗透试验证明了现有研究的不足,提出了建议,对钙质砂渗透特性研究具有一定的参考价值。     

普吉渣场三维力学分析

数值模拟分析已经成为工程地质、水文地质、岩土工程等专业领域的重要手段,它是解决岩土工程等相关问题的有效方法和途径,已普遍应用于岩土体的稳定性分析、岩土工程勘察设计和岩土工程基本问题的分析应用。普吉渣场自营运开始至现在已50多年,随城市的扩张,渣场已由原来的远郊变成现在的城市边缘,绕城线已规划至其北边山脊,对环境的影响是显而易见的,为了评价渣场整体的稳定性,本文进行三维力学分析,主要分析场地的应力场和变形场分布规律,在此基础上,对渣体稳定性做出预测评价。     

风化岩层中开口钢管桩沉桩性状*

终锤贯入度、桩端持力层和极限承载力是保证基桩施工质量的要素。采用高应变全程动测试桩研究不同壁厚开口钢管桩在珊瑚礁灰岩地质中的沉桩性状,主要包括测试承载力、沉桩贯入度、打桩应力以及桩身传递能量等关键参数,并通过分析480根开口钢管桩的沉桩规律,得出以下结论:基桩持力层应选择强风化珊瑚礁灰岩,终锤判定条件应同时考虑终锤贯入度和入强风化岩深度2个指标。     

高喷止水帷幕在珊瑚礁中的应用

介绍高压旋喷桩在具有较高孔隙度和较强透水性的珊瑚礁基坑止水中的应用情况,论述了在这种特殊地质情况下采用高喷注浆进行止水的可行性,并通过实例进行了验证,为解决珊瑚礁地层的防渗提供了一些有用的经验。     

Designing a Network of Coral Reef Marine Protected Areas in Hainan Island,South China

Overexploitation of reef resources and increasing coastal tourism have severely damaged the health of coral reef ecosystems around Hainan Island, South China. Only some reef sites are protected, and the effectiveness of the marine protected areas (MPA) appears inadequate. Networks of MPAs have been widely proposed as a more effective tool for reef conservation. However, little is known about the overall state of the island's coral reefs, and no guidelines exist for MPA network building in China. In this study, the information currently available on the distribution and condition of Hainan's coral reefs is comprehensively used to assess reef status, and to identify other reef areas prior to protection. An MPA network around the island is proposed in terms of monitoring, legal, and management aspects to improve the conservation effectiveness. This could also serve as a model for developing MPA networks for other coastal areas with respect to coral reef conservation.     

The Reimplementation of the Ra'ui: Coral Reef Management in Rarotonga,Cook Islands

This research focuses on coral reef health in the South Pacific region, an area of high global coral diversity. Coral reef health surrounding two study sites in Rarotonga, Cook Islands, has been assessed in areas that have not been previously surveyed. Each study site has distinct differences based upon marine management practices. Marine management practices are identified and described and some historical reasons as why they exist are discussed. Data are also presented on the ecological condition (coral coverage, number of coral species, clonal condition, disease, and presence and absence of bioindicators). This interdisciplinary research methodology includes both ecological and social data collection to further understand human- environment interactions. In comparing the reefs with different management practices, I argue that the implementation of traditional marine social institutions as exemplified in this case study of the Ra'ui in Rarotonga, Cook Islands, is an effective conservation management tool and is improving coral reef health. The Ra'ui site has significantly higher species diversity/Mortality Index ( F = 2.63).     

南海环礁岛礁建港条件分析

介绍了南海海域的自然条件、南海环礁岛礁地形地貌特点和地质特征等,分析了南海环礁岛礁建港条件,总结 了建设原则,并给出了方案实例。     

Effects of Human Activities on the World's Most Vulnerable Coral Reefs: Comoros Case Study

Effective management of highly biodiverse and threatened reefs requires the identification of human activities driving declines on the particular reef to be managed. The island nation of the Comoros is a model setting to investigate effects of human activities on diverse and threatened coral reefs, with abundant and diverse marine life, local dependence on reef resources, and a variety of anthropogenic pressures on reefs rendering the nation vulnerable to coral reef degradation. Using data from 21 sites throughout the Comoros, we evaluated the relative influence of human activities and other natural and anthropogenic factors on benthic cover and fish richness, abundance, and biomass with the goal of providing prioritized management targets. Human activities including fishing, beach sand extraction, and beachfront housing and development had the strongest relationship with degraded reefs but with some seasonal fluctuation, while geographic patterns most consistently predicted reef degradation across seasons. Comparing analyses conducted with and without human activities as predictors, the inclusion of human activities greatly improved explanatory power. Baseline data on reef biotic composition and localized anthropogenic impacts, monitoring over time, and controlled experiments can facilitate an adaptive management approach for protecting fragile reef ecosystems in the Comoros and elsewhere.     

钻孔灌注桩在珊瑚礁地质条件下的施工工艺

在珊瑚礁地质条件下,先冲孔穿透珊瑚礁再钻孔施工灌注桩,在国外设备受限的条件下完成了任务,对于工程量不大的项目起到了很好的效果,在类似工程中可以借鉴。     

Warming Seas in the Coral Triangle: Coral Reef Vulnerability and Management Implications

The highest diversity coral reefs in the world, located in the Coral Triangle, are threatened by a variety of local stresses including pollution, overfishing, and destructive fishing in addition to climate change impacts, such as increasing sea surface temperatures (SSTs), and ocean acidification. As climate change impacts increase, coral reef vulnerability at the ecoregional scale will have an increasingly important influence on conservation management decisions. This project provides the first detailed assessment of past and future climatic stress, thermal variability, and anthropogenic impacts in the Coral Triangle at the ecoregional level, thus incorporating both local (e.g., pollution, development, and overfishing) and global threats (increasing SSTs). The development of marine protected area (MPA) networks across the Coral Triangle is critical for the region to address these threats. Specific management recommendations are defined for MPA networks based on the levels of vulnerability to thermal and local stress. For example, coral reef regions with potentially low vulnerability to thermal stress may be priorities for establishment of MPA networks, whereas high vulnerability regions may require selection and design principles aimed at building resilience to climate change. The identification of climate and other human threats to coral reef systems and ecoregions can help conservation practitioners prioritize management responses to address these threats and identify gaps in MPA networks or other management mechanisms (e.g., integrated coastal management).     

Successful Transplantation of a Fragmenting Coral,Montipora digitata,for Reef Rehabilitation

The scleractinian coral Montipora digitata (Acroporidae) is a common reef flat species that thrives under high levels of light and water turbulence, and propagates successfully by natural fragmentation. It was used for transplantation experiments in an attempt to restore a degraded lagoon environment in the northwestern Philippines. Branches about 5 cm high from a natural population in the lagoon were transplanted to dead coral outcrops or knolls in two locations (Binlab and Malilnep-Ac) with different environmental characteristics. Growth and survival were significantly better at Malilnep Ac, which resembled the natural habitat of the species more closely. Environmental conditions at this site also favored the establishment of a greater diversity of species around the coral transplants. There was no difference in performance between transplants on vertical and horizontal surfaces, and the transplants showed limited differences due to density within the experimental range. Significant survival of detached, transplanted colonies or fragments thereof around the bases of the experimental bommies at the more successful site was an additional positive outcome. Water motion showed significant effects on survival and growth, possibly enhancing the suitability of the more successful site for transplantation. These results demonstrate the potential of coral transplantation to initiate the establishment of natural communities in degraded reef areas, a concern for coastal managers in developing countries.     

浅谈苏丹港区工程地质特征

简单介绍苏丹港区珊瑚礁灰岩的地质特征及不均匀风化现象，以及该层的地基承载力。