管道外防腐层耐划伤测试仪的研制

研制一种专用于管道外防腐层耐划伤性能的测试仪器,适用于不同管径、不同壁厚和不同防腐层结构.介绍了管道外防腐层耐划伤测试仪的研制过程,详细描述了耐划伤测试仪机械结构、电子电路及系统软件的设计方法,并对测试仪器的可重复性及可靠性与国外设备进行了对比计算.该测试仪在测试平台的稳定性、划针固定和微调结构、配重压力测量和调节、测控电路设计等方面有创新,提高了设备的准确性和稳定性.防腐层的耐划伤测试试验表明：该仪器适用于不同管径、不同壁厚钢质管道的不同防腐层结构的测试,操作简单,维护方便,能够满足防腐涂层耐划伤测试的要求;测试结果较准确,具有可重复性.     

管线外防腐三层环氧聚乙烯涂层系统

介绍了近来在管线防腐领域很受欢迎的三层环氧／聚乙烯涂层系统，即以熔结环氧树脂为底层、外包聚乙烯涂层及中间为粘结剂的多层涂层系统，并着重对其结构、应用程序及特性进行了分析和研究。     

LNG外输管道近海地区敷设方法研究

唐山LNG外输管道约36km管道敷设于近海中,海水深度约1m,该段管道的建设,在管道敷设方面采取了增加壁厚、加大埋深、设置配重块和盖板等方法;在管道防腐方面采取了增加防腐层厚度、改变防腐补口形式、采用智能测试桩等方法。通过采取上述方法,显著提高了管道的安全性且解决了该地区管道巡线难的问题,取得了较好的效果。     

埋地管道外防腐层的检测与修复

防腐层性能的好坏直接影响到管道的使用寿命。而由于施工质量、自然老化等原因导致埋地管道防腐层破损的现象时有发生。因此,适时开展防腐层的检测与修复十分必要。在分析国内埋地管道防腐技术现状的基础上,介绍了目前常用的几种管道外防腐层检测技术和防腐层修复工艺,最后根据济淄线管道防腐层检测与修复的实践,提出了几点建议。     

水平定向钻管道防腐层的选择和检验

文中从讨论管道防腐层的机械性能和检验方法出发,分析了水平定向钻管道防腐层的质量影响因子及常用防腐层机械性能对比试验,介绍了水平定向钻管道防腐层的抗磨损层选择方法和工程经验。研究表明,推荐采用环氧类涂层用于水平定向钻管道表面抗磨损。水平定向钻穿越后,利用管道阴极保护馈电试验和防腐层平均电导率可以有效评估穿越后防腐层的质量。     

输油,气管道沥青防腐层判废方法浅析

运行２０￣３０年的输油、气管道沥青防腐层进入老龄期,防腐层的判废成为输油企业亟待解决的问题。文章指出科学准确地进行防腐层判废是合理利用资金,搞好防腐层大修工作的重要前期工作。并结合鲁宁管道防腐层判废方法和实际经验,提出管道沥青防腐层判废的科学途径是把防腐层绝缘电阻率、阴极保护系统运行参数、防腐层检补漏情况有机结合起来科学分析,最后确定需防腐层大修的段落,确保防腐层判废有较好的准确率。     

塔河油田长输管道防腐层的选择

综述了目前塔河油田长输管道防腐层现状及常用防腐层材料的特点,从管道周围介质的腐蚀性,环境及防支施工等方面,分析了外界条件与防腐层失效的关系,介绍并评价了塔油油田常用的几种防腐层的性能特点。     

基于马尔可夫链的燃气管道外防腐层预测

介绍了埋地燃气管道外防腐层老化状况评价标准,以沥青外防腐层为例,通过应用马尔可夫链理论,阐述了基于逆阵的外防腐层老化状况预测的方法,从而为确定整条管线外防腐层老化状况分布提供了理论依据。     

油田埋地管道防腐层破损点检测及影响因素

简要阐述了埋地管道防腐层破损点的检测原理,并通过现场检测实例,总结出了影响防腐层破损点检测的几个主要因素,同时提供了解决方法,以提高防腐层破损点的检测准确率.     

油气站场埋地管网腐蚀控制技术

介绍了国内外站场管道的腐蚀情况,并分别从防腐层、区域性阴极保护、在线监/检测角度进一步对比分析了国内外油气站场埋地管道的腐蚀控制情况;从防腐层和阴极保护两方面总结了站场埋地管道腐蚀的主要原因,制订了相应的腐蚀控制对策;并根据国内站场腐蚀的具体情况,从表面处理、防腐材料性能指标、防腐层结构和防腐等级设计几方面对优化站场管道防腐层提出了相应的建议.     

Analysis of factors affecting the choice of route of pedestrians

Pedestrians as compared to vehicular traffic enjoy a high degree freedom of movement even in heavily congested areas. Consequently, there are more alternative links available to pedestrians between a given origin‐destination (O‐D) pair. This paper describes a study done by the University of Calgary to evaluate the factors affecting the choice of route on intra‐CBD trips or trips within the Central Business District (CBD).

An origin destination survey conducted in downtown Calgary, Alberta enabled the identification of the most significant factors influencing the choice. These factors were analyzed in relation to the physical characteristics of the location, personal characteristics of the trip maker and the type of the trip.

It appears that most people chose the shortest link and factors such as the level of congestion, safety or visual attractions were only secondary. This suggests that the length should be made a major consideration when planning and designing pedestrian links.     

注汽管道承压能力评估和实物试验验证

基于失效评估图技术对某注汽管道进行了承压能力评价,给出了管线在不同腐蚀壁厚情况下的极限承压能力和极限裂纹尺寸。并利用实物爆破试验验证了评价方法的安全性和有效性,通过对爆破断口进行宏观和微观分析,发现管段的开裂属于脆性开裂。     

实现多组态计量软件集中监控的可行性分析

天然气自动计量系统有多种组态软件,由于软件的不相通性,造成了计量系统数据采集的通用性差、数据传输与入库的时效性差、数据利用的可靠性低.结合各组态软件的实际情况,从设计上充分利用Oracle大数据处理能力以及Partition(分区表)的特性,实现历史数据的存储,应用WebService与COM+数据访问组件提供多层数据访问架构,采用OPC与DDE工业数据交换协议,实现了各站场计量数据的实时上传,为连续数据采集和实时监控提供了可能,节约了改造成本.     

Non-parametric analyses of efficiency of airports

This paper estimates the efficiencies and productivity changes of 12 international airports in the Asia-Pacific region based on data from 1998 to 2006. We apply stochastic frontier analysis (SFA) to compute efficiency estimates and use the Malmquist productivity index (MPI) to analyze productivity changes. We use the SFA model with a translog-type production function after testing the statistical hypotheses. According to the results of the SFA hypothesis tests, airports have experienced a technological regression; the deviations from the efficiency frontier are caused more by technical inefficiency than random noise. However, the inefficiency was found to decrease. The MPI reveals a declining trend resulting more from technological change than from efficiency change, with a decrease in inefficiency. Taken together, both the hypothesis tests and the MPI not only provide consistent conclusions, but also suggest that airports should concentrate on technological progress.     

波纹管应力分析研究进展

评述了波纹管应力理论研究方法的进展情况，围绕解析法、工程近似法和数值法，对波纹管理论研究中的一些主要成果作了较详细的回顾和总结，对各种研究方法作出了评价，展望了亟待解决的一些问题。     

城市轨道交通杂散电流监测系统概述

介绍了城市轨道交通工程中杂散电流不同的监测系统的构成,分析了集中式、分散式和智能型等监测系统的配置和功能,以及智能型实时在线监测系统的重要意义,为轨道交通工程杂散电流监测系统的选择与应用提供参考。     

埋地管道防腐保温层失效评价

明确埋地管道防腐保温层的技术评价标准,对埋地钢质管道的安全运行,延长管道使用寿命具有重要意义。为了对埋地管道防腐保温层做出有效评价,从间接检测与开挖检测2个方面,结合现场检测数据,提出了基于防腐保温层的电流衰减率、绝缘电阻率、质量状况与厚度的分级评价标准及基于4种评价指标的综合评判方法。工程实践表明,该评价标准对防腐保温层是否存在失效能做出有效判断。     

Preliminary results of an analysis of areas of influence in Shanghai

The main deficiency of most current modeling approaches to transportation can be identified as neglect of the integration of existing geographical knowledge in regard to the ex ante transport/land use modeling approaches, with its focus on territorial dynamics and theory development. This paper addresses this aspect of the problem by introducing a theoretical and methodological framework for the analysis of the interrelationship between land uses. The analysis attempts to determine to what extent the functional land use in a city can be considered an ordered pattern. The order sought does not rely on purely spatial configurations, but on the correlation of transportation and land use. The first section of this paper focuses on theoretical considerations. It stresses the fact that conventional approaches do not apply in the present context. It then suggests an alternative based on areas of influence and measured in terms of level of attractance of land uses. The second describes a procedure based on this alternative following the remarkable contribution of Hanjoul, Beguin and Thill. An application of this procedure to the analysis of Shanghai is then examined. Finally, an evaluation of the strategies for optimizing the interrelationship between land uses is presented. The paper concludes with a possible research agenda.     

输油管道中原油乳状液的流变性研究

原油乳状液的流变性是原油开采后在管道中输送的重要研究方面,为了更好地研究这一性质,采用电动搅拌机、偏光显微镜以及流变仪等仪器来测定不同含水率的原油乳状液在不同条件下的黏度,观测不同含水率的原油乳状液在偏光显微镜下的形态。并且分别对原油乳状液的黏度与含水率之间的关系以及与剪切速率之间的关系进行研究,初步确定了所测区块原油乳状液的转相点以及该区块原油乳状液的流变特性,为生产中的油气集输提供了理论依据。     

Direct analysis of the perceived importance of attributes of reliability of travel modes in urban travel

Reliability of travel modes was found to be the most important characteristic of transportation systems in several attitudinal investigations of individual travel behavior. This paper represents the first part of a research effort aimed at gaining a better understanding of the characteristics of reliability of transportation modes in urban travel. In this research, reliability characteristics are identified; their importance relative to each other is assessed, and an insight into possible structure of an objective reliability index is discussed. The research is based on perceived values of reliability, which were identified through a large attitudinal survey conducted in the Chicago metropolitan area.