一种基于体积力螺旋桨模型的自航计算方法

文章以集装箱船模型KCS(KRISO Container Ship)为研究对象,基于通用CFD软件FLUENT 12.0.16,采用螺旋桨体积力模型,实现了模型尺度下实船自航点的全粘带自由面计算。该文的计算包括静水拖航计算、自航计算,以及扭矩对自航计算结果的影响分析。通过与试验值的分析比较,验证了该方法的有效性。由于采用了完全结构化的六面体网格,带对称面的计算域单元数仅为33万。研究结果还表明:考虑扭矩的全流场计算对于改善流动细节,获得更精确的计算结果是有利的,但计算量有所增加。     

基于滑移网格的带桨水面船自航性能预报研究

应用FINE/Marine软件对KCS船、KP505桨以及考虑自由液面的船桨组合体进行数值计算,并计算其自航性能。利用滑移网格技术和随体网格来实现船桨之间的相互耦合。考虑到原有的自航性能数据处理方法并不代表实际情况,文中借鉴强制自航法的概念提出了一种新的船舶自航点求解方法预报船舶自航性能,并与模型试验结果进行比较,吻合良好,其中推力减额系数、伴流分数以及船舶推进效率的计算误差分别为0.5%、2.18%、6.76%。本文研究为预报船舶自航性能提供了一种新的研究手段。     

舵桨相互作用下现代船舶绕流数值研究（英文）

Reducing the fuel consumption of ships presents both economic and environmental gains. Although in the past decades,extensive studies were carried out on the flow around ship hull, it is still difficult to calculate the flow around the hull while considering propeller interaction. In this paper, the viscous flow around modern ship hulls is computed considering propeller action. In this analysis, the numerical investigation of flow around the ship is combined with propeller theory to simulate the hull-propeller interaction. Various longitudinal positions of the rudder are also analyzed to determine the effect of rudder position on propeller efficiency. First, a numerical study was performed around a bare hull using Shipflow computational fluid dynamics(CFD) code to determine free-surface wave elevation and resistance components.A zonal approach was applied to successively incorporate Bpotential flow solver^ in the region outside the boundary layer and wake, Bboundary layer solver^ in the thin boundary layer region near the ship hull, and BNavier-Stokes solver^in the wake region. Propeller open water characteristics were determined using an open-source MATLAB code Open Prop, which is based on the lifting line theory, for the moderately loaded propeller. The obtained open water test results were specified in the flow module of Shipflow for self-propulsion tests. The velocity field behind the ship was recalculated into an effective wake and given to the propeller code that calculates the propeller load. Once the load was known, it was transferred to the Reynolds-averaged Navier-Stokes(RANS) solver to simulate the propeller action. The interaction between the hull and propeller with different rudder positions was then predicted to improve the propulsive efficiency.     

Self-propulsion computations using a speed controller and a discretized propeller with dynamic overset grids

A method that can be used to perform self-propulsion computations of surface ships is presented. The propeller is gridded as an overset object with a rotational velocity that is imposed by a speed controller, which finds the self-propulsion point when the ship reaches the target Froude number in a single transient computation. Dynamic overset grids are used to allow different dynamic groups to move independently, including the hull and appendages, the propeller, and the background (where the far-field boundary conditions are imposed). Predicted integral quantities include propeller rotational speed, propeller forces, and ship’s attitude, along with the complete flow field. The fluid flow is solved by employing a single-phase level set approach to model the free surface, along with a blended k−ω/k−ɛ based DES model for turbulence. Three ship hulls are evaluated: the single-propeller KVLCC1 tanker appended with a rudder, the twin propeller fully appended surface combatant model DTMB 5613, and the KCS container ship without a rudder, and the results are compared with experimental data obtained at the model scale. In the case of KCS, a more complete comparison with propulsion data is performed. It is shown that direct computation of self-propelled ships is feasible, and though very resource intensive, it provides a tool for obtaining vast flow detail.     

螺旋桨敞水性能计算及堵塞效应研究

根据螺旋桨的投影原理以及其几何参数,用三维建模软件 CATIA 建立三维螺旋桨数值模型。根据计算流体动力学（CFD）原理,使用流体动力学软件 Fluent 对螺旋桨数值模型进行分析计算。采用 RANS 方法结合RSM 湍流模型求解螺旋桨三维粘性流场,计算域的离散采用非结构网格方法,运用相对旋转坐标方法（MRF）来模拟螺旋桨的运动,以此求出该螺旋桨在常态以及堵塞效应下的流场特性,并将螺旋桨的数值计算结果与试验结果进行对比以确定该方法的适用性。最后研究堵塞效应的相关性质并将螺旋桨普通敞水性能与螺旋桨在堵塞效应下的敞水性能进行对比,得出堵塞效应对螺旋桨敞水性能的影响。     

应用RANS(雷诺平均的纳维尔一斯托克斯方程)和动量理论进行螺旋桨诱导速度的计算研究(英文)

In order to provide instructions for the calculation of the propeller induced velocity in the study of the hull-propeller interaction using the body force approach,three methods were used to calculate the propeller induced velocity:1) Reynolds-Averaged Navier-Stokes(RANS) simulation of the self-propulsion test,2) RANS simulation of the propeller open water test,and 3) momentum theory of the propeller.The results from the first two methods were validated against experimental data to assess the accuracy of the computed flow field.The thrust identity method was adopted to obtain the advance velocity,which was then used to derive the propeller induced velocity from the total velocity field.The results computed by the first two approaches were close,while those from the momentum theory were significantly overestimated.The presented results could prove to be useful for further calculations of self-propulsion using the body force approach.     

串列螺旋桨水动力性能的数值预报

为了分析串列螺旋桨的水动力性能,本文运用计算流体动力学理论,结合雷诺时均 RANS方程和相对运动参考坐标系对其三维定常粘性流动进行数值模拟。应用 Fortran语言编制程序计算螺旋桨的型值点,并采用三次样条曲线拟合各点,建立串列桨三维模型。以某一串列螺旋桨作为研究对象,得到螺旋桨的推力系数、转矩系数以及流域内速度分布等水动力特性参数,并给出敞水性能曲线。计算结果与试验数据吻合较好,验证了数值方法的可行性和准确性。     

多桨船舶自航因子数值预报

以某四桨水面船舶为研究对象,基于RANS方法和滑移网格技术,建立船、附体和螺旋桨整体计算模型,并运用小范围改变螺旋桨转速的方法和前后桨分别计算的方法预报该船的自航因子。结果表明：四桨船舶内、外桨的自航因子并不相等,内后桨的实效伴流分数和推力减额分数均比外前桨的大;提出的方法计算结果可靠,能够体现四桨船舶自航因子的差异性,并且符合推力减额与伴流关系的一般规律,可为多桨船舶的自航试验提供依据。     

基于CFD方法的6500TEU集装箱船舵空泡腐蚀数值模拟研究

舵的空泡腐蚀研究在船型优化设计和新船型开发中具有重要意义。文章以6 500 TEU集装箱船的NACA0021舵为研究对象,通过对船、桨、舵整体三维建模,运用CFD方法在3D计算域下对舵的非定常空化现象进行数值模拟,得到了与试验比较一致的结果。同时还对改善舵空蚀现象的措施进行了分析。研究表明,通过整体建模的数值模拟方法对舵空泡性能进行预测研究,其结果是合理可信的。     

CFD敞水螺旋桨性能计算分析

根据螺旋桨的投影原理及其型值参数,建立螺旋桨的三维模型。基于计算流体动力学(CFD)理论和CFD商业软件进行研究,采用分区混合网格方案和动网格技术及旋转坐标(MRF)方法,结合RANS方程和RNG湍流模型对螺旋桨三维粘性流动进行数值模拟,得到该螺旋桨的推力及其转矩。经与试验结果比较分析,证实该方法能实现对螺旋桨的敞水粘性流场模拟,预报其敞水性能。     

船桨干扰定常空化性能数值模拟

文章采用CFD技术计算了船桨干扰定常空化性能。首先计算了不同空化数下的NACA66(MOD)水翼和DTRC4381螺旋桨的定常空化性能,同时预报了KCS船的伴流场、阻力性能和船体表面压力分布。为了验证计算船后螺旋桨空化流的可行性,文中对KCS船和KP505螺旋桨进行了整体考虑,并计算了不同空化数下的船后螺旋桨的空化覆盖面积。计算表明,文中采用的计算方法合理,计算结果与试验结果吻合。     

由推进器尾流计算确定动力艇合理牵引间距研究

针对动力艇尾流作用于被牵引船只,造成水阻力增加而使牵引效率下降的问题,提出通过数值模拟方法计算动力艇尾流场,进而确定合理的牵引间距的方法.文章应用理想推进器理论,给出了确定推进器尾流出口横截面面积和喷水流速的方法.在此基础上,通过数值模拟计算推进器尾流场的影响,并通过分析估计出给定牵引航速下的合理牵引间距.该方法可以结合动力艇的拖钩拉力与航速曲线,确定组合体可能达到的最大设计航速.     

MAU型螺旋桨建模与水动力性能分析

为满足螺旋桨设计效率和现代制造的精度要求, 提出一种快速生成MAU 型螺旋桨三维模型的方法。采用MATLAB@编程语言, 依据螺旋桨二维制图的投影关系和螺旋桨设计参数,计算出螺旋桨桨叶叶面特征点的空间笛卡尔坐标值,将笛卡尔坐标值导入SOLIDWORKS@中进行螺旋桨三维建模以及桨叶曲面的实体优化。在CFD流体仿真软件CFX中建立基于RANS方程的标准k-湍流模型,采用多重参考系MRF技术模拟在不同进速系数时的螺旋桨水动力性能如推力系数、转矩系数和敞水效率。同时, 数值模拟也显示出了螺旋桨桨叶上及整个流域内的速度、压力和流线分布情况。     

大侧斜桨敞水性能及流场数值研究

针对库存大侧斜桨,基于商用RANS代码,利用结构化网格技术和流道计算模型开展了大侧斜桨敞水水动力和流场的数值分析.在进速系数J ε[0.33,0.95]范围内,文中计算得到的敞水螺旋桨水动力与试验结果差异在3%以内.通过敞水螺旋桨流场计算和计及粘性影响鼓动盘计算结果比较可知,螺旋桨对桨前流场影响主要是抽吸作用;对桨后近场区域XIDP<4流场影响主要是滑流,轴向速度周向均值沿径向分布主要受桨叶负荷分布控制;到中问区域415,螺旋桨尾流变成了单一的剪切流.     

扭曲舵水动力数值计算和自航约束模试验测量研究

建立了桨后舵水动力的CFD数值计算方法,对两种舵的压力分布和舵力进行了比较,结果显示扭曲舵可以明显减小0°舵角时舵上的横向力和舵轴扭矩。在拖曳水池中进行了自航约束模舵力测量试验,对扭曲舵和普通舵的舵力进行了测量,试验结果也表明,在0°舵角时,扭曲舵上的受力状态得到明显改善。将舵力的数值计算结果与试验结果进行比较,两者有较好的一致性,说明建立的数值计算方法可以对桨后舵舵力进行较好的模拟计算。     

带前置导叶桨潜艇自航试验的数值模拟与自航因子预报

本文根据RANS代码,采用移动网格滑移交接面技术对假想的带前置导叶潜艇的自航试验、螺旋桨敞水试验进行模拟,并依据试验结果验证之,发现该方法能够较好地预报螺旋桨推力、扭矩.而后,与潜艇阻力试验相结合,预报潜艇自航因子,通过与试验结果的比较分析,验证了方法的可靠性.     

基于有限元模型的船用螺旋桨桨叶应力分析

采用计算流体动力学(Computational Fluid Dynamics,CFD)软件建立静止域(舵、导管及船体)和旋转域(螺旋桨)的三维几何模型,在螺旋桨流场内求解雷诺平均纳维-斯托克斯方程(Reynolds-Averaged Navier-Stokes equations,RANS),由此对船用螺旋桨产生的推力和转矩特性进行数值模拟。对比分析在压载工况和满载工况下螺旋桨桨叶的压力分布、沿不同轴的受力情况和绕不同轴的转矩情况,为轴系弹性校中提供更加准确可靠的应力情况,对船用螺旋桨的生产设计提供有益的参考。     

螺旋桨在均匀流场中的非定常水动力数值模拟

采用滑移网格技术,使用基于求解RANS方程的CFD软件数值模拟均匀流场中的螺旋桨非定常水动力性能.为了真正实现螺旋桨的旋转运动,在计算过程中采用定长多运动参考系模型计算出初始流场,再用滑移网格模型完成整个计算.数值计算得到的推力系数和转矩系数与实验结果吻合良好,验证了该方法应用于螺旋桨水动力性能研究的可行性.     

粘流方法的螺旋桨尾流场数值分析(英文)

The computational fluid dynamics(CFD) method is used to numerically simulate a propeller wake flow field in open water.A sub-domain hybrid mesh method was adopted in this paper.The computation domain was separated into two sub-domains,in which tetrahedral elements were used in the inner domain to match the complicated geometry of the propeller,while hexahedral elements were used in the outer domain.The mesh was locally refined on the propeller surface and near the wake flow field,and a size function was used to control the growth rate of the grid.Sections at different axial location were used to study the spatial evolution of the propeller wake in the region ranging from the disc to one propeller diameter(D) downstream.The numerical results show that the axial velocity fluctuates along the wake flow;radial velocity,which is closely related to vortices,attenuates strongly.The trailing vortices interact with the tip vortex at the blades’ trailing edge and then separate.The strength of the vortex shrinks rapidly,and the radius decreases 20% at one diameter downstream.     

基于数值试验及实船试航的喷水推进器改型设计

采用基于雷诺时均法的SST湍流模型对"某轴流式喷水推进泵+进水流道+船体"系统进行数值计算,查找出了该喷水推进泵和进水流道设计存在的一些问题。依据该船体阻力、设计航速和主机功率等参数重新对该船喷水推进器进行选型,进而运用三元的方法对喷水推进泵进行设计,利用参数化设计的方法对流道进行设计。采用了数值试验的方法校核新设计的混流式喷水推进器流体动力性能,计算结果表明:新设计喷水推进泵和进水流道性能优异,并且能够较好地满足快速性指标。最后,对改进设计的喷水推进器进行了快速性预报和实船试航,试航结果表明新设计混流式喷水推进器推进航速超过设计航速9.4%,并且数值预报航速与试航结果误差为1.5%,这既验证了设计方法的有效性,也验证了所采用的数值模型的准确性。