配气机构动力学仿真与凸轮型线优化设计

应用AVL-tycon软件对某柴油机配气机构建立运动学和动力学计算模型,进行运动学和动力学计算,以便对配气凸轮型线进行优化设计。通过气门丰满系数、凸轮与挺柱的接触应力和润滑效果、气门落座时是否出现反跳、气门弹簧是否出现并圈来评价凸轮型线的可行性。     

某杯式挺柱配气机构凸轮磨损问题分析

凸轮轴作为发动机配气机构的重要组成部分,承受着周期性的冲击载荷,而对于杯式挺柱的配气机构,该周期性载荷主要集中于凸轮轴的凸轮上,故,凸轮轴的凸轮需具有较高的耐磨性能。经配气机构动力学仿真计算及试验研究表明,凸轮型线设计、凸轮与挺柱材料匹配、凸轮与挺柱表面润滑等对改善凸轮表面磨损问题具有着极其重要的作用。     

一种连续可变气门升程机构的动力学仿真

设计了一种连续可变气门升程（CVVL）机构,气门升程可在0～9．5 mm连续可变,为该CVVL机构设计计算了凸轮型线和中间摇臂型线。利用GT‐Power对该机构进行了动力学仿真,结果表明：在所有气门升程下,气门具有相同的开启、落座缓冲段,气门动力学性能良好;凸轮与滚轮接触应力偏大,分析了应力偏大的原因,并指出优化方向。     

小型发动机配气机构接触应力分析

利用发动机顶置凸轮气机构动力学计算的结果，分析小型高速发动机配气机构各主要零件之间的接触应力，分析了凸轮与摇臂之间的动态接触应力，和气门杆上端与气门间隙调节螺栓之间的动态接触应力，还给出凸轮廓综合曲率半径，以及各转速时接触的局部应力变化曲线。     

MFB2带圆弧段凸轮优化设计

构造了MFB2带圆弧段凸轮型线,该类型线具有大的气门开启时面值。给出了型线的构造和设计方法.在机构动力学分析的基础上,建立了以凸轮型线时面值为目标函数,以气门落座速度、凸轮最大接触应力、凸轮最小曲率半径、气门活塞最小距离等为约束条件的动态优化设计模型。数值算例表明,该型线具有很好的充气性能及较好的动力性能。     

一种共轨式电控高压供油泵凸轮型线的设计

运用机械动力学的原理建立了凸轮机构动力学模型和振动方程 ,通过预先给定一个期望的柱塞运动规律 ,进行凸轮机构动力学设计 ,然后反求凸轮廓线 ,得到凸轮型线设计所需要的数据 ,并通过实例设计出一种多项式动力凸轮。     

概率设计在配气凸轮精度分析中的应用

使用概率法计算了配气凸轮的挺柱运动精度，从理论上剖析了凸轮的基本尺度参数对挺柱运动精度的影响，用等影响法制定了凸轮的基本尺度参数公差。并提出了一种凸轮轴检测的新方法。     

陶瓷挺柱的耐磨性

为满足载货车，大客车用柴油发动机的高功率，低油耗，可靠性及低公害的要求，采用陶瓷挺柱以提高耐磨性，陶瓷挺柱的挺柱体为过共晶Al-Si合金，以初晶硅昌粒尺寸为30－50um,Si添加量大于16％的合金最为理想；挺柱头采用Si3N4陶瓷其滑动面为无磨削状态，由于陶瓷挺柱的使用，凸轮，挺柱的耐生都大幅度提高，在装有废气再循环装置的条件下，比淬火冷激铸铁制挺柱的磨损约减低至1／5，凸轮磨损约减低至1／10。     

发动机挺柱涂层摩擦学性能研究

凸轮-挺柱配副的摩擦磨损特性在很大程度上影响了汽车发动机的使用性能和可靠性。本研究将基体材料为16MnCr5的发动机挺柱分别涂覆W涂层及DLC涂层,研究了涂层对挺柱摩擦磨损性能的影响。结果表明,经W涂层和DLC涂层处理后,16MnCr5挺柱的磨损分别较未做处理时减少了56%和95%,摩擦系数也显著降低。本研究结果对凸轮-挺柱配副的选材及摩擦学性能评价起到重要作用,已在产品开发中得到验证。     

浅析摩托车CG发动机双凸轮的应用

基于原凸轮轴下置式配气机构,把原单凸轮分开为进、排气双凸轮。采用现有的CB机型气门升程曲线重新设计CG机型进、排气凸轮和气门配气相位,并对新设计凸轮进行了运动学和动力学计算分析,保证新设计的双凸轮配气机构具有良好的可靠性。     

Transient Dynamic Characteristics of a Non-Pneumatic Mechanical Elastic Wheel Rolling Over a Ditch

The transient dynamic characteristic of a tire, which has a significant effect on vehicle handling stability and ride comfort, is difficult to study in detail because of its highly non-linear behavior. In this study, the transient dynamic characteristics of a non-pneumatic wheel, called the mechanical elastic wheel (MEW), which was rolling over a ditch were investigated by the explicit dynamic finite element (FE) method. A three-dimensional FE model of MEW considering geometric nonlinearity, material nonlinearity and large contact deformation between the wheel and the road, was established. For the validation of the accuracy and reliability of the FE model of MEW, the simulation and the experimental results of the radial stiffness and footprint of MEW were compared and analyzed. A dynamic simulation of the validated FE model of MEW rolling over a ditch was conducted using the ABAQUS/Explicit program. The equivalent stress and the contact stress generated during the process of the rolling MEW impacting the ditch were studied in detail. The effect of the rolling speed on the transient dynamic characteristics was also analyzed based on the simulation results. The simulation results could provide guidance for the optimization of the MEW structure and vehicle dynamics.     

Evaluation of the coupled dynamical response of a pantograph—catenary system: contact force and stresses

In this article, the static stresses in a catenary and its vibration modes are calculated by establishing the FEM model of the catenary with Euler-Bernoulli beam elements. The mode shapes of the catenary obtained are considered as the generalized variables which are used in the establishment of the motion equations of the catenary system. The physical model of the pantograph is simplified as a multi-body system with mass, stiffness, damping, and friction. On the basis of having derived the coupled motion equations of the pantograph-catenary system, its dynamic behavior is analyzed in detail and the contact force is calculated. Using the contact force as the external moving load of the FEM model of the catenary, the dynamic stress in the catenary is simulated. Through the detailed analysis and calculation, we not only obtain the dynamic stress response at any element of the catenary, but also its frequency responses. As the dynamic stress in the assistant wire is quite large, the influence of its structure on dynamic stress is analyzed and the way to reduce the dynamic stress is suggested. At last, the calculation method of dynamic stress is validated by a test.     

Influence of polygonal wear of railway wheels on the wheel set axle stress

The coupled vehicle/track dynamic model with the flexible wheel set was developed to investigate the effects of polygonal wear on the dynamic stresses of the wheel set axle. In the model, the railway vehicle was modelled by the rigid multibody dynamics. The wheel set was established by the finite element method to analyse the high-frequency oscillation and dynamic stress of wheel set axle induced by the polygonal wear based on the modal stress recovery method. The slab track model was taken into account in which the rail was described by the Timoshenko beam and the three-dimensional solid finite element was employed to establish the concrete slab. Furthermore, the modal superposition method was adopted to calculate the dynamic response of the track. The wheel/rail normal forces and the tangent forces were, respectively, determined by the Hertz nonlinear contact theory and the Shen–Hedrick–Elkins model. Using the coupled vehicle/track dynamic model, the dynamic stresses of wheel set axle with consideration of the ideal polygonal wear and measured polygonal wear were investigated. The results show that the amplitude of wheel/rail normal forces and the dynamic stress of wheel set axle increase as the vehicle speeds rise. Moreover, the impact loads induced by the polygonal wear could excite the resonance of wheel set axle. In the resonance region, the amplitude of the dynamic stress for the wheel set axle would increase considerably comparing with the normal conditions.     

配气机构有限元动力计算及分析

本文应用配气机构有限元动力模型对顶置气阀下置凸轮轴配气机构进行了动力计算，计算结果与实测数据相符，并用此模型对６１０２Ｑ柴油机配气机构在各种转速工况下进行了动力分析，求出了该机构运动规律，接触应力，振型，自振频率及气阀弹簧各圈的运动和振动。     

洞庭湖大桥销接节点设计精细化分析

采用实体单元及接触面单元建立销接节点区域局部有限元模型,精细的模拟了销接节点的受力。结合洞庭湖大桥主梁和吊索连接的销接节点设计,揭示了销接节点的受力状态,得出销孔接触面的接触应力及吊点耳板销孔局部承压的应力分布,并结合国外相关规范对洞庭湖大桥的销接节点进行了计算。     

不同湿度粘性路基土动态回弹预估研究

研究以滤纸法测量了粘性路基土基质吸力,获得了土水特性曲线。通过动三轴试验,研究了不同含水量下粘性路基土动态回弹模量,并于试验后以滤纸法测量土样的基质吸力,并探讨了粘性路基土动态回弹模量与基质吸力的关系。研究表明,粘性路基土动态回弹模量随循环偏应力和含水量的增大而减小,随基质吸力的增大而增大。鉴于动态回弹模量是偏应力和体应力的函数,在现有偏应力和体应力为变量的三参数复合模型基础上引人基质吸力的影响,进而提出综合反映湿度和应力状态的动态回弹模量预估模型。通过对试验数据进行回归分析,结果表明所选模型具有较高的决定系,证明所选综合考虑应力和湿度影响的模型具有较高的合理性与可靠性。模型的建立,不仅为南方多雨地区评价路基土在环境和交通荷载作用下长期性能提供了依据,也为基于动力学的路面结构设计提供了参数。     

Interaction Dynamics Between an Electric Vehicle's 'Pantograph' and the Road

In this paper, we briefly describe the patented E-TRAN electric roadway & vehicle concept and then proceed to study the dynamic effects of an associated road pantograph in contact with a road mounted power strip. During usage, the road pantograph (supported underneath the vehicle) allows power to be drawn from the strip for powering the motor driven vehicle. From a mechanical point of view, friction, wear and dynamic bounce effects impact the reliability arid maintainability of the pantograph/strip concept. To study bounce effects, a dynamic model of a one degree of freedom road pantograph was developed for both contact and noncontact situations. These dynamic “bounce” effects were simulated using a MATRIXx™ based model of the road pantograph and associated road surface (and strip). In order to do so, several simulation issues had to be addressed (some of which may be of interest to those studying wheel/rail contact effects). To corroborate the dynamic model, an instrumented experimental pantograph/road simulator was fabricated. Reasonable correspondence was achieved between the experimentally measured and simulated support forces and pantograph angle. Parametric variations in the design were also studied through simulation. The work presented serves as a paradigm for designing, building, and testing road pantographs for specific applications.     

沥青混合料骨架稳态参数及模型

为明确沥青混合料粗集料的骨架特征参数与路用性能之间的相关性，基于优化的分级掺配设计方法设计3种骨架密实型沥青混合料，采用数字图像处理技术观察混合料粗集料骨架特征参数转变的全过程，结合路用性能试验建立基于骨架特征参数的动稳定度估算模型，研究骨架参数的合理范围。研究结果表明：采用简化的分级掺配设计方法可以得到3种不同骨架特征的沥青混合料；混合料的空隙率和矿料间隙率VMA随着粗集料分级掺配次数的增加而降低，稳定度和动稳定度指标则随着掺配次数的增加而增加；混合料密度和有效沥青饱和度VFA最大值出现在二级掺配混合料中，采用间断级配有利于增加混合料的密度；随着掺配次数的增加，混合料粗集料接触点数量先增多后减少，但集料长轴水平倾角呈减小趋势；成型后混合料粗集料长轴初始倾角越小，混合料的动稳定度越高；试验数据暗示了沥青混合料存在一个粗集料骨架初始接触点数与初始倾角的合理范围，使混合料在一定的压实功下能够形成稳定的骨架嵌挤结构；混合料的粗集料接触点不宜过多，级配设计时应将粗集料接触点的数量控制在一个合理范围内；建立的沥青混合料动稳定度估算模型可分辨出粗集料接触点、倾角和沥青种类对混合料动稳定度的影响，但仅适用于有显著骨架特征的混合料。     

连续配筋混凝土路面温度应力分析

基于钢筋混凝土间粘结滑移的线性和非线性本构关系,建立了连续配筋混凝土路面(CRCP)在温度荷载作用下的力学模型以及按接触理论推导的有限元刚度矩阵。得出了考虑粘结滑移线性和非线性本构关系的有限单元数值解,据此分析了降温荷载作用下路面应力、位移的分布规律。同时讨论了裂缝间距和配筋率、配筋方式对裂缝宽度的影响。结果表明,在相同的降温荷载作用下,随着裂缝间距的增大,钢筋和混凝土的应力呈现非线性增加;采用不同配筋方式对裂缝宽度的影响较大,建议设计时尽量采用小直径多根数的配筋方式。按接触有限元法进行温度应力的非线性分析,为今后的科研和设计提供了很好的理论依据。