基于OD调查的区域水运交通量分析

为充分利用区域水路货运量OD调查数据,本文在航道OD调查方法的基础上,探讨了区域航道货物量和港口吞吐量的推求方法,并进行了实证分析,成果可供相关工作参考。     

水运OD矩阵的推算模型研究

交通OD矩阵是交通量预测的基础，但由于资料调查工作量大且精度难以控制，水运OD矩阵往往难以通过调查直接得到。鉴于此，基于对现有OD矩阵推算模型的研究与分析，并结合水上运输及其运输量调查资料的特性，提出了一种利用水运港口吞吐量和水运客货运平均运距推算水运OD矩阵的计算模型，由此可推算得到水运OD矩阵，供相关分析研究之用。     

多级航道通过能力的数学模型研究

航道承载着具有OD点对的船舶组成的交通流,航道通过能力表示航道的交通承载能力。将多级航道中各港口视为网络模型中的节点,各航段视为网络模型中的连线,考虑与航道通过能力密切相关的航道货流OD结构,建立了以任意起点港和终点港之间货流量为变量,各货流量或货物周转量之和最大为目标函数,航段通过能力、港口设计通过能力及碍航建筑物通过能力为限制条件的OD结构网络模型,来测算多级航道通过能力。     

物流链上物流分布量与分配量预测方法研究

物流链上的物流分布量和分配量的预测是区域物流系统规划、物流资源合理配置过程中的重要环节,本文对物流分布量和分配量的预测方法进行了研究分析,把交通OD货流预测法应用到物流量预测的领域中来,并通过实证分析将它与其他几种常见预测方法进行了比较,为区域物流需求预测提供了较合适的思路和方法。     

OD流仿真模型在珠三角集装箱港口群布局规划中的应用研究

构建由珠三角集装箱运输OD流运输网络、港口模糊综合评价模型、中转港选择的Logit模型3大部分构成的OD流仿真模型。在2020年珠三角集装箱生成量预测基础上,应用该模型对区域内集装箱运输需求在各OD流路径中的运输量进行仿真模拟测算,科学合理地预测该年度珠三角各港的集装箱吞吐量,为2020年度的珠三角集装箱港口群的合理布局规划提供指引。     

物流网络中分布式OD运载需求的分时段限流优化

交通运输污染严重,对人们生活环境造成极大破坏.污染浓度越大,扩散需要越多时间,降低每条道路的承载量可降低该道路上污染的效应.对路段的分时限流,是降低运输车辆对道路及其环境污染的一种策略.将一天划分为2个时段(7～ 22时和23～次日6时),限定路段在这2个时段不同的承载量,以总运输距离最小为目标,建立整数规划模型,实现分时限流.结果表明:该方法虽然增加了总运输距离,但可以有效降低高峰路段对OD流的承载量,从而降低路段交通污染浓度.     

健跳南港区疏港公路连接线周边海域流场的数值模拟

敏感海岸的建设工程,会引起周边海域的水动力改变。运用基于三角形网格有限元模式的数学模型,模拟了疏港公路跨海湾的大桥和路堤修建后所引起的周边海域水动力的变化情况。结果表明,这种模式能较好地模拟地形复杂水域的水动力场,可用于预测海岸工程建设后所引起的流场变化,对今后计算模型的选择具有一定的借鉴作用。     

大连港太平湾港区公路集疏运规划研究

针对大连港太平湾港区公路集疏运规划问题,按照客货分离理念、集约发展角度,构建以3条疏港路为主的“三横三纵”集疏运格局,采用定量与定性结合法、四阶段预测法、OD矩阵法进行分析未来港区货运需求,得出集疏运规划建设方案。结果表明,未来港区货运将分为沿海经济区需求和内陆腹地需求以及永宁大街近期向远期过渡为完全承担客运量的阶段发展模式;规划建设方案为3条疏港路至少按照双向六车道控制、永宁大街也可按照八车道控制,永宁大街与第一疏港路间规划公路港。     

区域生态公路建设指标体系的初步构建

针对公路建设中发生的生态环境问题,以烟台公路生态路网建设为模板,构建区域生态公路建设的指标体系,对生态公路建设提出了系统性的解决方案。     

谈公路建设对地区经济的拉动效应

从公路运输业、区域经济、工业产业带、招商引资、城镇化建设、旅游业等方面阐述了公路建设投资对鹤壁市经济的拉动作用，提出了公路建设投资可持续发展的措施。     

Outline of scientific ocean drilling and specifications of riser drilling vessel Chikyu

 The Japan Marine Science and Technology Center (JAMSTEC) has been, and is now promoting the “OD21” program (i.e., “Ocean drilling in the 21st century”). This is the first plan in the world to utilize deep-water riser-drilling technologies for scientific drilling. One of the important factors for the success of this program is the development of a high-performance drilling vessel. Since 1990, JAMSTEC has been continuing a technological study of a riser-drilling vessel for scientific studies with an operational capability in waters up to 4000 m deep. It was decided to start the construction with a two-phase plan: a vessel with a riser operation for waters up to 2500 m deep will be constructed in the initial stage, and then the vessel will be modified to a 4000-m depth capability. In the development process of the vessel, named Chikyu, many new technical developments have taken place, such as drilling/coring equipment, a dynamic positioning system, etc. Thus, the Chikyu is expected to contribute to ocean engineering and other work, in addition to scientific advances. Received: June 15, 2002 / Accepted: November 11, 2002 Address correspondence to: Y. Yano (e-mail: yanoy@jamstec.go.jp)     

Dynamics of change in the port system of the western Mediterranean

The ports of Mediterranean basin have experienced significant growth in container traffic over the last decade. In the western Mediterranean two distinct types of port have emerged: the established ports of the northern part of the basin which serve a gateway function and a set of new ports in the south which act as transhipment hubs. In this paper we explore the dynamics of change and reveal how growth is driven by shifts in individual trades. While the hub ports are integrated into Asian pendulum services, the gateway ports are experiencing growth because of new direct services to Asia and North America. We suggest that the distinctions between the transhipment hubs and the gateway ports are becoming blurred, especially because the gateway ports are also assuming greater transhipment roles. We also explore whether this new dynamism in the Mediterranean ports is reversing the long-standing hinterland domination of the ports of the northern range. We demonstrate that the gateway ports of the western Mediterranean continue to serve local and regional markets, with very limited penetration north of the Alps and Pyrenees. This is due in part to difficulties with rail services but also because of the continued efficiency of the northern range ports and their hinterland connections. We suggest that in the short run, at least, little change is likely.     

邮轮产业——上海国际航运中心建设新的增长领域

全球邮轮市场客源年均增长率达到7%,邮轮产业对地方经济有强大影响力,已成为21世纪极具发展潜力的朝阳产业。上海具有发展邮轮产业的地理、区域优势,并且具备良好的基础设施条件,是国际航运中心建设的重要组成部分,且发展势头日益迅猛,并将成为上海国际航运中心建设新的增长领域。     

Short-sea shipping potentials in Central America to bridge infrastructural gaps

This paper addresses the situation of transport infrastructure in Central America, which poses issues of insufficiency, high-costs and lack of an integrated vision in a geographic region that is exposed to vulnerabilities due to its geological, geomorphologic and climatic conditions. The major efforts for regional integration with joint infrastructure in place seem to meet the criteria of high prioritization on ground transport and non-diversification of risk. This paper features the characteristics of the area and the potentiality of short-sea shipping to cover infrastructure deficits and the need for a more integrated planning of transport infrastructure services with better conditions to improve the regional economy competitiveness and the economic growth.     

Short-sea shipping potentials in Central America to bridge infrastructural gaps

This paper addresses the situation of transport infrastructure in Central America, which poses issues of insufficiency, high-costs and lack of an integrated vision in a geographic region that is exposed to vulnerabilities due to its geological, geomorphologic and climatic conditions. The major efforts for regional integration with joint infrastructure in place seem to meet the criteria of high prioritization on ground transport and non-diversification of risk. This paper features the characteristics of the area and the potentiality of short-sea shipping to cover infrastructure deficits and the need for a more integrated planning of transport infrastructure services with better conditions to improve the regional economy competitiveness and the economic growth.     

Asian hub/feeder nets: the dynamics of restructuring

The emergence of hub/feeder networks in the Singapore-Japan corridor through the 1970s and 1980s reflected not only the rapid growth of containerized cargo in regional Southeast and East Asia but also the exceptional importance of Far East/transPacific and Far East/Europe mainline shipping services in structuring these networks. This paper argues that the mid-1990s is a defining moment in the restructuring of these networks; that the period represents, in fact, a convergence of a number of different though related trends impacting on the regional shipping market. More particularly, continuing high growth rates of containerized cargo have not only spawned new ports but have also increased the proportion of ports handling threshold volumes of containers for which mainline calls, rather than handling thfeeder operations, are justified. Further, the quite dramatic retionalization of already large container shipping lines into mergers and alliances bestows a new level of market power that is able to underwrite major changes in shipping schedules, port rotations and feeder linkages. This paper speculates that these developments are generating, and will continue to generate new, hierarchically organized port/shipping networks in which high order networks will include high efficiency/high cost operations; and lower order networks will include a mix of hub and direct-call ports that will focus on different market segments.     

长江南京以下12.5 m深水航道二期工程初步效益分析

为科学评价长江南京以下12. 5 m深水航道二期工程的实施效果,通过运输经济模型、投入产出法、重力模型等研究方法,全面分析工程的经济、社会、宏观、环境效益。结果表明,长江南京以下12. 5 m深水航道工程实施以来,已经取得了显著降低物流成本、带动区域经济增长、新增就业岗位、拉动财政收入增长、促进沿江地区节能减排等实际效益,工程的战略意义得到充分体现。