玻璃钢船舶建造检验中试行船检新模式的探讨

我国大陆目前有玻璃钢船艇制造厂260余家,年产各类船艇数千艘,快速发展的玻璃钢船艇制造产业带来的船检业务量剧增,己远远超出当前各船检机构的承受能力。本文以国内最大的玻璃钢船艇产业群所在地——珠海为例,探讨在珠海玻璃钢船艇建造检验中试行“船检服务外协委托”的船检新模式,以适应当前玻璃钢船艇产业的发展,进而为我国玻璃钢船艇的建造检验探索新思路。     

基于有限元法的渔船碰撞仿真

以一起3万吨商船碰撞渔船为例,在充分考虑几何非线性、材料非线性和接触非线性的基础上,对商船满载和压载两种工况下与渔船的碰撞进行了仿真研究,分析了不同速度工况下渔船的损毁情况、应力情况和总能量吸收规律等。结果表明:碰撞主要破坏渔船的局部结构,且发生时间很短;商船速度越快,渔船损毁越严重;渔船破损处的形状与商船的形状非常相似,结合商船航行记录及仿真结果有助于判断商船是否为肇事船舶。     

基于遗传算法的带有调纵倾尾板及拦截器的滑行艇水动力性能评估及优化（英文）

Nowadays, several stern devices are attracting a great deal of attention. The control surface is an effective apparatus for improving the hydrodynamic performance of planing hulls and is considered an important element in the design of planing hulls. Control surfaces produce forces and a pitching moment due to the pressure distribution that they cause, which can be used to change the running state of high-speed marine boats. This work elaborates a new study to evaluate the hydrodynamic performance of a planing boat with a trim tab and an interceptor, and optimizes them by using an optimization algorithm. The trim tab and the interceptor have been used to optimize the running trim and motion control of semi-planing and planing boats at various speeds and sea conditions for many years. In this paper, the usage of trim tab is mathematically verified and experimental equations are utilized to optimize the performance of a planing boat at a specificd trim angle by using an optimization algorithm. The genetic algorithm(GA) is one of the most useful optimizing methods and is used in this study. The planing boat equations were programmed according to Savitsky's equations and then analyzed in the framework of the GA-based optimization for performance improvement of theplaning hull. The optimal design of trim tab and interceptor for planing boat can be considered a multiobjective problem. The input data of GA include different parameters, such as speed, longitudinal center of gravity, and deadrise angle. We can extract the best range of forecasting the planing boat longitudinal center of gravity, the angle of the trim, and the least drag force at the best trim angle of the boat.     

某救护艇整体吊运下水转运技术

主要结合某救护艇建造过程中的下水及转运过程,根据救护艇结构特点设计吊运托架,结合数据理论分析及实际试验操作,论证吊运托架整体吊运下水及转运技术的可行性及安全性,为小型铝质船舶托架吊运下水及转运提供技术支持,并达到降低下水及转运过程成本、提高下水及转运效率的目的。     

一种内河顶推船队的引航控制模型

引航控制模型是考虑了人在控制闭环中作用的船舶自动引航模型,它不同于精确控制航迹或者航向的自动舵控制模型,重点在于量化和探索船舶驾引知识和经验.它是港口航道设计和安全评估经常采用的快时模拟的基础.基于模糊推理方法,结合系列内河船队操纵性实测数据与实际操船经验,设计出一种仿真智能的内河顶推船队引航控制模型,并以某顶推船队为原型,进行了仿真试验.结果表明:引航控制建模方法,包括隶属度函数和推理规则的确定能忠实地反映人员操舵控制过程.这种建模方法可为快时模拟论证等工作提供理论和技术支持.     

用于传统式近岸渔业平台的太阳能利用研究（英文）

In order to introduce clean environment and sustainable energy to traditional coastal fishing community, the objective of this study is to encourage the Indonesian traditional coastal fishing community to use green and renewable energy in their fishing activities. Introducing solar power as the main source of energy for fish-attracting lights and boat propulsion can reduce the use of fossil fuels, and sustain clean and healthy environment. As the world's largest archipelago, Indonesia accounts for a high percentage of traditional fishing communities spread out along its islands. This fishing communities use various traditional fishing boats, and platforms. The fishing platforms are usually made of bamboo and placed on top of supporting structures on the seabed. Diesel electric generators are used to obtain electricity needed for lighting to attract the fish at night, and as the source of power for lifting the fishing net. The structure and fuel used are neither environmentally friendly nor clean; thus, an innovation is introduced. Traditional fishing practices using a fishing platform were studied, including the common size of the platform and the power needed for the fishing light. Based on the gathered information, this study proposes a catamaran vessel with a special top structure designed for fish lifting outfitting, and equipped with photovoltaic solar cells as the energy source for the fishing lights and vessel propulsion. Through this innovative break through, the vessel can be moved to the shore and will not be a threat to ship navigation and the environment. Furthemore, powered by clean and sustainable energy, the vessel can be directed to the best fishing ground.     

商船碰撞渔船主要原因及预防对策

一般情况下,渔船集中、数量多,且渔船的行动多变,所显示的号灯不规范,商船值班人员对渔船作为直航船舶对待的疏忽以及望判断失误等,很容易造成碰撞事故。在分析商船和鱼船碰撞事故原因的基础上,就如何正确理解避碰规则、商船相遇渔船时如何避让、如何保持正规望,做好驾驶台班组管理等方面进行了探讨,并提出了一些建议和看法。     

基于BP神经网络的船舶交通流量预测研究

在分析船舶交通流量特性的基础上,以船舶交通流量控制为最终目标,建立基于BP神经网络的船舶交通流量预测模型,以长江口深水航道的交通流量数据作为训练样本,进行模拟分析。预测结果与实测加权数据进行对比表明,该模型对船舶交通量的预测是有效的。     

浅谈港作拖船配置

介绍港作拖船的现状和发展趋势,分析比较国内外有关行业协会对港作拖船配置的计算方法,给出国外港口港作拖船配置的统计图表。为我国港作拖船配置设计提供参考。     

高性能槽道滑行艇的运动特性

本文论述了高性能新船型－槽道滑行艇的基本原理、运动特点及其变化规律。根据模型试验的结果，着重讨论了艇体线型，槽道尺寸和形状，静负荷系数和重心位置等阻力特性和耐波性能的影响。     

无人救助艇的动力与控制系统选型

基于无人救助艇的性能要求,重点介绍动力与控制系统选型过程和原因。该艇选择磷酸铁锂电池为电源,并采用全电力推进、远程无线遥控控制技术。该无人救助艇的应用,增添了海洋救助方式。     

舟山外海区涉渔碰撞事故原因分析与对策研究

最近4年来,舟山外海区发生重大涉渔碰撞事故10起,导致人员死亡失踪76人。通过对该海区发生的10起重大涉渔碰撞事故进行归类统计和逐案剖析,构建涉渔碰撞事故多发原因结构模型,深入研究事故的成因、规律及对策,提出了针对性的预警预防预控措施,旨在最大限度地遏制该海区重大涉渔碰撞事故的多发势头。     

运用模糊理论建立渡船安全评价体系

渡船安全一直是长江水上交通安全监管的重点和难点。文中总结提炼渡船安全管理的经验、措施和做法,运用模糊数学和层次分析法,探索建立渡船安全评价体系的新途径。     

远洋鱿鱼钓渔船主尺度分析及船型优化

在收集大量远洋鱿鱼钓渔船资料并进行统计分析的基础上得到主要参数之间的关系式,为该类型渔船的设计提供参考,并可作为船型论证的基础.由于渔业资源状况的变化和新渔场的开发,必须对现有船型进行进一步优化,其方法可以通过计算机编程来实现.经过多重搜索,得到适合多渔场作业的船型.     

从船长的角度说洋山

洋山深水港的地理位置特殊,它既是新港区又处在不断的建设中,自然条件及施工作业的不断交叉给船舶的航行与靠(离)泊作业带来难度和风险。为使船长们及早了解洋山港概况,特将深水港建设的工程概况,锚地,拖轮,引航及相关航行安全资料供船长们一起参考。     

小型快艇结构耐撞性研究

船舶碰撞是一种复杂非线性瞬态响应过程,在碰撞区内的构件一般迅速进入塑性流动状态,出现撕裂、屈曲等形式的破坏和失效,因此对小型快艇结构碰撞特性进行分析非常必要。分析了艇艏撞击作用下快艇舷侧加筋结构的渐进破坏过程,给出了撞深曲线。为表征小型快艇船体结构的耐撞性能,建立了基于综合考虑塑性应变衡准和撞深衡准的小型艇结构耐撞性评价模型。最后,运用有限元法进行数值分析,开展快艇改进舷侧的结构耐撞性优化研究。数值分析表明,对于中小型快艇,碰撞损伤主要是艇体的总体弯曲变形,损伤变形区域占全船的比例较大,采用塑性应变衡准和撞深衡准能有效地刻画中小型快艇结构耐撞性。     

双断级滑行艇纵向运动稳定性的一种校核方法

目前双断级滑行艇纵向运动稳定性的理论计算方法还不成熟，推荐一种校核其纵向运动稳定性的实用方法，即利用模型试验得到纵向运动时而稳定时而不稳定的临界点组合，再运用最小二乘法拟合试验中得到的若干临界点得出双断级滑行艇纵向运动稳定性界限。用通过模型试验得到的纵向运动稳定性界限校核高速双断级滑行艇纵向运动稳定性能够获得比较准确的结果     

一种新型船舶建造进坞浮箱的设计

本文介绍了一种为西江船厂建造的10艘34m金枪渔船从广西柳州出海而专门设计的进坞浮箱,对浮体形式优选、渔船进出坞过程的稳性、浮箱本身的稳性、浮箱与船体间的连接方法设计,及该浮箱的实际应用情况进行了论述。     

Demographic indicators of the relative need for artificial reefs in Florida

Abstract

Artificial reef development involves pfonning from a number of perspectives including biological, océanographie, engineering, and social. This article reviews previous studies and identifies demographic variables that affect the use of artificial reefs by recreational anglers. An index of relative demand was created employing eight components: number of coastal county resident boat anglers, nonresident boat anglers, tourist boat anglers, nonboat anglers, number of fishing clubs, number of charter/party boats, number of registered pleasure boats, and the rate of county population growth. By comparing the magnitude of the index to the number of existing artificial reefs off of Florida's 35 coastal counties, an estimate of relative need was graphically portrayed on a state map. Indian River county on the Atlantic coast and Hernando, Hillsborough, Pasco, Citrus, Levy, Lee, and Charlotte counties on the central Gulf coast are the areas with the greatest demand relative to existing reef supply.     

Finite-volume simulation method to predict the performance of a sailing boat

 A flow-simulation method was developed to predict the performance of a sailing boat in unsteady motion on a free surface. The method is based on the time-marching, finite-volume method and the moving grid technique, including consideration of the free surface and the deformation of the under-water shape of the boat due to its arbitrary motion. The equation of motion with six degrees of freedom is solved by the use of the fluid-dynamic forces and moments obtained from the flow simulation. The sailing conditions of the boat are virtually realized by combining the simulations of water-flow and the motion of the boat. The availability is demonstrated by calculations of the steady advancing, rolling, and maneuvering motions of International America's Cup Class (IACC) sailing boats. Received: December 25, 2001 / Accepted: March 26, 2002